浅谈高考英语写作的训练方法

李兴邦

（甘肃省庆阳市陇东学院附属中学）

浅谈高考英语写作的训练方法

李兴邦

（甘肃省庆阳市陇东学院附属中学）

训练学生的英语写作能力，主要落实好遣词、造句、谋篇这三个方面的任务。

高考英语；写作训练；基本句型

我从事英语教学已有26年之久，教高中英语也有十几年了。而对于我们这样一个生源差、学生英语底子普遍薄的学校，我们英语组全体同仁，没有被眼前的困难所吓倒，想了很多办法来提高学生的英语学习兴趣。尤其对刚升入高中的学生，我们在英语方面做了大量的初高中衔接工作。为以后的高中英语教学奠定了基础。下面我想重点谈谈自己多年来训练学生英语写作能力的体会，主要从遣词、造句、谋篇三个方面来谈谈。

遣词：我利用早晚自习来检查词汇及短语的记忆等，但在写作时，如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇，而且一味地重复低水平的英语知识点，这就远远没有达到大学的入学要求。我要求学生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识地强化“复杂，高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生，使自己一下子就站在比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。平时教学过程中我总结了各种各样的词汇。如：表达人物爱憎感情：like，love，be interested in，be fond of...，hate，dislike，be tired of，lose interest in...happy，excited，pleased，介绍人物的影响及人们对他们的评价：

He became famous for his new theory.

The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.

We regard Li Fei as our model.

People spoke highly of him and all respected him.

常见的描述人物性格、外貌和身体状况等的词语：

good-looking/funny-looking/strong-looking/ugly-looking/ dirty-looking/ordinary-looking/blue-eyed/white-eyed/warmhearted/light-hearted/kind-hearted/absent-minded/tall/short/ beautiful/pretty/lovely/naughty.

造句：句式多变，语法活用，句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。我要求学生至少一周写一篇，争取做到面批。整篇完不成的，至少要写几个完整的简单句子。好的英语句子能够生动、形象、准确地表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的作文，必须先从写好句子开始。

方法一：英语基本句型及造句

1.主语+谓语+直接宾语

I want your promise.Have your fixed my watch？This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

He paid me a visit yesterday.He owed me 50 yuan.He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（to do）

I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（do）

I often hear her sing the song.The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.Don’t forget to have him come.

5.主语+系动词+形容词

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.Your explanation sounds reasonable.

6.主语+谓语+状语（介词，名词短语或从句）

The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.We get up early every morning.The meeting lasted 2 hours.

7.主语+谓语+现在分词

I heard her singing in the next room.

方法二：改写句子

1.Mr.Green is a tall man，who wears a pair of thick glasses.（改成介词短语做伴随状语）

Mr.Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses.

2.The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on.（使用so... that...结构改写句子）

The ice on the lake is so thin that we can’t skate on it.

方法三：一句多译

这本书花了我300元。

I spent 300 yuan on the book.I paid 300 yuan for the book. The price of the book is 300 yuan.It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.

我不懂什么英语，李明也不懂。

I don’t know any English，nor does Li Ming.I hardly know any English，nor does Li Ming.I hardly know any English，neither does Li Ming.I hardly know any English，no more does Li Ming.I hardly know any English，so it is with Li Ming.

一到家，我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。

As soon as I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen. On/Upon arriving home，I wrote down everything I had seen.The moment I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen.The instant I arrived home，I wrote down everything I had seen.No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen.

昨天下午他才来。

He came here yesterday afternoon.He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon.Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here. It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here.It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.

谋篇：看到试题后，我要求学生先不要急于写作，应对试题材料及要求进行细致审读，明确写作任务。需要审清写作要点、动词时态、人称、写作要求等。审题之后，建议先在草稿纸上草拟写作提纲，搭好写作的整体框架，列出需要使用的主要词汇、短语、句型等，这样再往答题卷上书写时，就会信心十足，就会条理更加清晰。

在往答题纸上书写的过程就是对提纲进行扩充润色的过程，需要注意要点的完整性，上下文的连贯性，词汇及句式的多样性，语言的准确性。尽可能多地使用自己熟悉的词汇或者句式，在自己有把握的情况下，才可以使用一些能够为作文增色的较高级的词汇、短语或者句式。

毕竟英语作文是一道主观性试题，干净整洁的卷面，漂亮工整的字体，会使人赏心悦目，会使阅卷老师眼前一亮，从而给阅卷老师留下非常好的印象，这无疑会使作文增色不少。因此，在写作时，注意书写规范，工整清晰，卷面保持整洁，切忌潦草凌乱，乱涂乱改。写作完成后，还需对作文进行认真复查，查找审核简单低级的错误。

为了帮助学生在平时写作时牢记这些基本要领，特编顺口溜如下：细审题，巧构思，列要点，防遗漏。写日记，同汉语；书信，通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理，写人记事按顺序；完稿后查遗漏，整洁干净莫忘记。

以上是我多年教高中英语写作的一点经验，有不妥之处，敬请各位同仁批评指正。

·编辑李建军