侧脑室注射M35对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织GLUT4表达的影响
2016-01-25张真稳方彭华史明仪王艳曹灵卜平朱妍
张真稳,方彭华,史明仪,王艳,曹灵,卜平 ,朱妍
(1 扬州大学临床医学院,江苏扬州 225001 ;2 扬州大学江苏省中西医结合老年病防治重点实验室;3 南京中医药大学翰林学院)
侧脑室注射M35对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织GLUT4表达的影响
张真稳1,方彭华2,3,史明仪2,王艳1,曹灵1,卜平2,朱妍1
(1 扬州大学临床医学院,江苏扬州 225001 ;2 扬州大学江苏省中西医结合老年病防治重点实验室;3 南京中医药大学翰林学院)
摘要:目的观察侧脑室注射中枢性甘丙肽(GAL)受体拮抗剂M35对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达的影响。方法取22只健康雄性Wistar大鼠制作2型糖尿病模型,将16只造模成功大鼠分为观察组和模型组各8只,另取8只健康大鼠为对照组。观察组于侧脑室注射M35 2 μL,模型组和对照组分别于侧脑室注射生理盐水2 μL,1次/d,均干预21 d。采用血糖钳实验测定各组葡萄糖输注速率,采用real-time PCR 法检测心肌组织的GLUT4 mRNA。结果观察组、对照组、模型组的葡萄糖输注速率分别为(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05;心肌组织GLUT4 mRNA的相对表达量分别为3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12 ,P均<0.05。结论侧脑室注射M35可使2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织GLUT4的表达上调,从而提高心肌胰岛素敏感性。
关键词:葡萄糖转运蛋白4;甘丙肽受体;2型糖尿病;心肌组织;胰岛素敏感性
甘丙肽(GAL)广泛分布于神经和消化系统,GAL代谢紊乱与2型糖尿病的发生、发展密切相关[1~4]。研究发现,内源性GAL可通过作用于脂肪细胞及骨骼肌外周胰岛素敏感组织上的受体,增加机体对胰岛素的敏感性,降低胰岛素抵抗[5~8]。但GAL能否通过中枢性GAL受体调节心肌细胞对胰岛素敏感性目前尚不清楚。2012年9月~2014年12月,我们观察了侧脑室注射中枢性GAL受体拮抗剂M35对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达的影响。现报告如下。
1材料与方法
1.1材料健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,体质量150~160 g,购自扬州大学比较医学实验动物中心。混合高脂饲料(59%脂肪、21%蛋白质、 20%碳水化合物)喂养,自由饮食,室温(24±2)℃,适应性饲养8周。链脲佐菌素(STZ,Sigma公司),M35(英国TOCRIS生物公司),胰岛素注射液(江苏万邦生物医药股份有限公司),LDB-M电子蠕动泵(定山仪器厂)。怡成SENTEST快速血葡萄糖测试仪、怡成滴血式血糖试条(北京怡成生物电子技术有限公司),酶标仪(美国Bio-TEK Elx800公司),101-1型恒温箱(上海实验仪器总厂),高速低温离心机(Themor TGL-16G);real-time PCR仪(ABI 7500 96 Wells)。
1.2动物分组与造模处理取22只大鼠采用一次性腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg的方法制作2型糖尿病模型。以高脂饲料喂养2周后大鼠空腹血糖≥11.1 mmol/L为造模成功。取16只造模成功大鼠分为观察组和模型组各8只,另取8只健康大鼠为对照组。观察组于侧脑室注射M35 2 μL,模型组和对照组分别于侧脑室注射生理盐水2 μL,1次/d,均连续注射21 d。
1.3葡萄糖输注速率测定采用血糖钳实验(改良Kraegen方法[9])测定各组葡萄糖输注速率。将各组大鼠用50 mg/kg异戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,颈静脉插入细硅管,三通管分别与静脉插管、输注胰岛素的蠕动泵及输注10%葡萄糖的蠕动泵相连。静脉恒速[24 mU/(mg·min)]输注胰岛素,同时输注10%葡萄糖液。调整葡萄糖输注速率至血糖稳态,计算30 min内6次葡萄糖输注速率,取平均值。
1.4心肌组织中GLUT4 mRNA表达检测采用real-time PCR 法。处死各组大鼠,取100 mg心肌组织,操作均严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。GLUT4上游引物:5′-ACAGGGCAAGGATGGTAGA-3′,下游引物:5′-TGGAGGGGAACAAGAAAGT-3′;β-actin上游引物:5′-GGCTGTGTTGTCCCTGTATG-3′,下游引物:5′-AATGTCACGCACGATTTCC-3′。反应液体积25 μL,反应条件:95 ℃、10 min预变性;95 ℃、15 s,62 ℃、60 s,40个循环。以β-actin为内参,以目标条带与内参条带吸光度比值作为GLUT4 mRNA的相对表达量。
2结果
2.1各组葡萄糖输注速率比较观察组、对照组、模型组的葡萄糖输注速率分别为(13.4±1.32)、(22.98±2.32)、(16.91±1.56)mg/min,P均<0.05。
2.2各组心肌组织GLUT4 mRNA表达比较观察组、对照组、模型组心肌组织GLUT4 mRNA的相对表达量分别为3.72±1.79、5.98±0.86、11.89±2.12,P均<0.05。
3讨论
GAL是维持机体血糖平衡不可缺少的重要因素。GAL基因敲除小鼠表现出葡萄糖耐受能力下降,产生胰岛素抵抗[2]。腹腔注射M35可显著降低胰岛素的敏感性,增加胰岛素抵抗[5~8]。葡萄糖耐量试验中GAL敲除小鼠表现出清除葡萄糖的能力极显著下降,主要由于GAL敲除小鼠减少了胰岛素依赖性降血糖作用和非胰岛素依赖性降血糖作用[3]。大鼠室旁核注射GAL后,可促进骨骼肌对碳水化合物的利用,降低血糖,表明中枢GAL参与了外周组织糖代谢调节过程[9]。另外,2型糖尿病大鼠中枢注射GAL拮抗剂显著升高血糖,增加骨骼肌和脂肪细胞胰岛素胰岛素抵抗[10,11]。
血糖钳是国际公认的定量分析胰岛素敏感性的金标准[12]。血糖钳的葡萄糖滴注速率可反映机体对胰岛素的敏感性。本研究发现,观察组葡萄糖滴注速率低于对照组,表明阻断中枢GAL可减少机体对葡萄糖的摄取,增加胰岛素抵抗,与之前的研究一致[5,11]。
葡萄糖可在细胞膜上GLUT的帮助下易化扩散进入细胞,GLUT4是其中最重要的葡萄糖转运体[13]。GLUT4不断在囊泡膜与细胞膜之间循环,主要存在于骨骼肌、脂肪细胞和心肌的高尔基体附近的囊泡膜上[14],少数存在于细胞膜上。2型糖尿病患者可出现心肌胰岛素抵抗,导致心肌缺血和心肌梗死发病率增加[15,16]。其中,胰岛素信号通路障碍致GLUT4 表达减少是心肌产生胰岛素抵抗的主要原因[15]。2型糖尿病动物及患者心肌GLUT4表达水平显著下降,导致心肌对葡萄糖的摄取减少[15~17]。因此,心肌维持正常GLUT4水平对心脏正常代谢活动十分必要。本研究中,模型组心肌组织GLUT4 mRNA表达低于对照组,而观察组GLUT4 mRNA的表达低于模型组,提示激活中枢GAL受体能够显著增加心肌细胞GLUT4 mRNA表达,增加心肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,增加心肌的胰岛素敏感性。综上所述,M35可通过增加2型糖尿病大鼠心肌组织GLUT4表达提高心肌胰岛素敏感性。
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Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of M35 on GLUT4 expression in
myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats
ZHANGZhen-wen1, FANG Peng-hua, SHI Min-yi, WANG Yan, CAO Ling, BO Ping, ZHU Yan
(1ClinicalMedicalCollege,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225001,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the influence of intracerebroventricular injection of galanin (GAL) receptor antagonist M35 on the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in myocardial tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. MethodsWe took 22 healthy male Wistar rats to make the type 2 diabetic models. Sixteen model rats were successfully made and then were divided into the observation group and the model group, 8 rats in each group. Besides, another 8 healthy rats were selected as the control group. The intracerebroventricular injection of 2 μL/d M35 was administered in the observation group, and 2 μL/d saline was injected in the model and control groups, once a day and both groups were treated for 21 days. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp test was used to detect the glucose infusion rates. GLUT4 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.ResultsThe glucose infusion rates in the observation group, control group and model group were respectively (13.4±1.32) mg/min, (22.98±2.32) mg/min and (16.91±1.56) mg/min, (all P<0.05). GLUT4 mRNA expression levels in the myocardial tissues of the observation group, control group and model group were 3.72±1.79, 5.98±0.86 and 11.89±2.12, respectively (all P<0.05). ConclusionGAL can enhance the insulin sensitivity of myocardial tissues through the increased GLUT4 expression of type 2 diabetic rats.
Key words:glucose transporter type 4; galanin receptor; type 2 diabetes mellitus; myocardial tissue; insulin sensitivity
收稿日期:(2015-05-15)
通信作者简介:朱妍 (1961-),女,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为糖尿病基础与临床。 E-mail: yzdxzzw@163.com
作者简介:第一张真稳(1965-),男,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗机制。E-mail: yzzzw@medmail.com.cn
基金项目:国家卫生和计划生育委员会科研基金资助项目(W201309)。
中图分类号:R587.1
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1002-266X(2015)46-0008-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.46.003