新型芳基修饰的藤黄酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性*
2016-01-17张志佳黎金海陈美君赵路宁广州医科大学a药学院广东广州511436附属第三医院广东广州510150实验医学研究中心广东广州511436
张志佳,黎金海,陈美君,黄 雁,赵路宁[1.广州医科大学a.药学院(广东广州 511436); b.附属第三医院(广东广州 510150); c.实验医学研究中心(广东广州 511436)]
新型芳基修饰的藤黄酸衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性*
张志佳1a,1b,黎金海1a,陈美君1a,黄雁1a,赵路宁1c
[1.广州医科大学a.药学院(广东广州511436); b.附属第三医院(广东广州510150); c.实验医学研究中心(广东广州511436)]
摘要:以取代酚或羟基吡啶为原料,在无水碳酸钾存在下,与溴代醇发生威廉姆森醚合反应制得中间体——芳(杂环)氧基醇(2a~2k); 2a~2k分别与藤黄酸通过光延反应合成了藤黄酸衍生物(3a~3k)。以DDC/HOSu为偶联剂,芳酸与3-氨基-1-丙醇经偶联反应制得中间体——芳酰氨基醇(5a~5h); 5a~5h分别与藤黄酸通过光延反应合成了藤黄酸衍生物(6a~6h)。2,3,5和6为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,ESI-MS和HR-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了3和6对肺腺癌细胞(A549)、肝癌细胞(HepG-2)和乳腺癌细胞(SK-BR-3)的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:部分化合物对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性明显高于藤黄酸。
关键词:藤黄酸;结构修饰;衍生物;合成;抗肿瘤活性
藤黄酸[Ⅰ(R-CO2H),Chart 1]是藤黄的主要活性成分[1-2],对肝癌、肺癌和乳腺癌等肿瘤细胞的生长具有较好的选择性抑制作用,对正常的造血细胞和免疫系统毒性较小[3-5]。
Scheme 2
Chart 1
从结构上分析,Ⅰ为具有独特的4-氧杂-三环并[4.3.1.03,7]癸-2-酮笼状结构的桥环化合物。该结构具有易开环、水溶性差、不耐碱和热稳定性较差等特点,结构修饰难度较高。因此,学者对Ⅰ的结构修饰主要集中在6-酚羟基,30-羧基和32-和33-双键等位点[6-11]。例如,在30-羧基上经连接臂连接吗啡啉基、哌啶基或哌嗪基等饱和杂环基团,可提高其水溶性和抗肿瘤活性。当连接臂碳原子数等于3时,效果最好[7-9]。
为寻找活性更高、成药性更好的藤黄酸衍生物,本文在文献[12-16]方法基础上,通过修饰Ⅰ的30-羧基,设计并合成了21个新型的藤黄酸衍生物。以取代酚(1a~1f)或羟基吡啶(1g和1h)为原料,在无水碳酸钾存在下,与溴代醇[3-溴-1-丙醇(n=3),2-溴乙醇(n=2)]发生威廉姆森醚合反应制得中间体——芳(杂环)氧基醇(2a~2k)[12-14]; 2a~2k分别与Ⅰ通过光延反应[15-17]合成了11个藤黄酸衍生物(3a~3k,Scheme 1); 1l和1m直接与Ⅰ通过光延反应合成了2个藤黄酸衍生物(3l和3m,Scheme 1)。
为了考察芳基与连接臂之间连接方式对活性的影响,本文以DDC/HOSu为偶联剂,将芳酸(4a~4h)分别与3-氨基-1-丙醇经偶联反应制得中间体——苯酰氨基醇(5a~5h)[17-19]; 5a~5h分别与Ⅰ通过光延反应合成了9个藤黄酸衍生物(6a~6h,Scheme 2)。2,3,5和6为新化合物,其结构经1H NMR,ESI-MS和HR-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了3a~3m和6a~6h对肺腺癌细胞(A549)、肝癌细胞(HepG-2)、乳腺癌细胞(SKBR-3)的体外抗肿瘤活性。
1 实验部分
1.1仪器与试剂
Bruker 400 MHz型核磁共振仪(CDCl3为溶剂,TMS为内标); LC MS-2010A型液相色谱质谱联用仪; Bruker maxis 4G型质谱仪; Tecan M1000型酶标仪; Thermo Scientific 8000型CO2细胞培养箱。
Ⅰ,广州清平中药材市场,使用前经提纯(纯度>95%); 2-苯氧基乙醇(2i,纯度99%),百灵威科技有限公司; 1640培养基,GIBCO;胎牛血清,杭州四季青公司;其余所用试剂均为分析纯或化学纯。
1.2合成
(1)2a~2k的合成(以2a,2g为例)
在反应瓶中加入苯酚(1a)188 mg(2 mmol)和干燥DMF 10 mL,搅拌使其溶解;加入3-溴-1-丙醇695 mg(5 mmol)和无水碳酸钾553 mg,回流反应至终点(TLC检测)。反应液用乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除溶后经硅胶柱层析[洗脱剂:A=V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=3∶1]纯化得3-苯氧基丙酸(2a)160 mg。
用类似的方法合成2b~2k。
2a:淡黄色油状液体,收率52%;1H NMR(DMSO为溶剂,下同)δ:1.83~1.88(m,2H,2'-H),1.99(s,1H,OH),3.53~3.59(m,2H,1'-H),3.99~4.03(m,2H,3'-H),6.88~6.92(m,3H,ArH),7.26(t,J=7.70 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:175.1{[M + Na]+}。
2b:无色油状液体,收率67%;1H NMR δ:1.80~1.89(m,2H,2'-H),1.98(s,1H,OH),3.50~3.56(m,2H,1'-H),4.00(t,J=6.5 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.88(dt,J=8.9 Hz,3.5 Hz,2H,ArH),7.41(dt,J=8.9 Hz,3.5 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:254.9{[M + Na]+}。
2c:无色油状液体,产率70%;1H NMR δ:1.80~1.89(m,2H,2'-H),1.90~1.97(m,1H,OH),3.54~3.58(m,2H,1'-H),3.71(s, 3H,OCH3),3.99(t,J=6.3 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.44~6.50(m,3H,ArH),7.14(t,J=8.1 Hz,1H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:205.1{[M + Na]+}。
2d:红棕色固体,产率35%;1H NMR δ:1.99~2.03(m,2H,2'-H),3.85(t,J=5.46 Hz,2H,1'-H),4.03(t,J=5.87 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.51~6.74(m,3H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:186.2{[M + Na]+}。
2e:淡红色油状液体,产率45%;1H NMR δ:1.78~1.88(m,2H,2'-H),2.11(s,1H,OH),3.24~3.33(m,6H,CH3),3.50~3.58(m,2H,1'-H),3.95(t,J=6.5 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.10~6.23(m,3H,ArH),6.99(t,J=7.9 Hz,1H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:224.2{[M + H]+}。
2f:淡黄色固体,产率75%;1H NMR δ:1.87~1.96(m,2H,2'-H),1.98(s,1H,OH),3.56(t,J=5.9 Hz,2H,1'-H),4.26(t,J=6.3 Hz,2H,3'-H),7.34~7.40(m,1H,ArH),8.04~8.12(m,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:238.9{[M +Na]+}。
在反应瓶中加入1g 200 mg(2 mmol)和DMSO 5 mL,搅拌使其溶解;加入KOH 450 mg,于室温反应0.5 h。加入3-溴-1-丙醇280 mg(2 mmol),反应15 h。依次用饱和氯化铵溶液(50 mL)和二氯甲烷(50 mL)萃取,水层用二氯甲烷(2×50 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸除溶剂后经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A)纯化得2g。
用类似的方法合成2 h。
2g:无色油状液体,产率67%;1H NMR δ:1.80~1.89(m,2H,2'-H),3.53(t,J=6.3 Hz,2H,1'-H),4.28(t,J=6.4 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.77(dt,J=8.4 Hz,0.7 Hz,1H,ArH),6.91~6.95(m,1H,ArH),7.63~7.69(m,1H,ArH),8.11~8.14(m,1H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:154.1{[M + H]+}。
2h:淡黄色油状液体,产率64%;1H NMR δ:1.82~1.97(m,2H,2'-H),1.99(s,1H,OH),3.40~3.52(m,2H,1'-H),4.06~4.11(m,2H,3'-H),7.28~7.38(m,2H,ArH),8.14(s,1H,ArH),8.26(s,1H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:154.1{[M + H]+}。
2j:白色固体,产率83%;1H NMR δ:1.99(s,1H,OH),3.96(s,2H,1'-H),4.04(s,2H,2'-H),6.79(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH),7.37(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:216.2{[M-H]+}。
2k:无色油状液体,产率75%;1H NMR δ:2.04(s,1H,OH),3.77(s,3H,OCH3),3.94(s,2H,1'-H),4.04(d,J=3.64 Hz,2H,2'-H),6.48~6.52(m,3H,ArH),7.17(t,J=8.10 Hz,1H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:191.1{[M +Na]+}。
(2)3a~3m的合成(以3a为例)
在反应瓶中加入Ⅰ125 mg(0.2 mmol)和干燥THF 5 mL,搅拌使其溶解;加入2a 60 mg(0.4 mmol)和三苯基磷(Ph3P)105 mg,于室温反应15 min。滴加偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD)70 mg(0.4 mmol)的THF(3 mL)溶液,于室温反应24 h。浓缩后经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂:A=2∶1)纯化得3a。
用类似的方法合成3b~3k。用1l和1m替代2a,用类似的方法合成3l和3k。
藤黄酸-3-苯氧基丙酯(3a):棕黄色油状液体,产率60%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.58(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.94~2.04(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.30(d,J=13.36 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=8.90 Hz,1H,22-H),2.96~3.04(m,2H,26-H),3.12~3.18(m,2H,31-H),3.23~3.45(m,2H,1'-H),3.44(s,1H,11-H),3.89~3.93(m,2H,3'-H),5.04(s,2H,32,37-H),5.41(t,J=10.73 Hz,1H,3-H),5.95~6.02(m,1H,27-H),6.65(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),6.83(d,J=7.49 Hz,3H,ArH),6.91(t,J=7.08 Hz,2H,ArH),7.46~7.54(m,1H,10-H),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:785.3{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C47H55O9{[M + H]+} 763.384 6,found 763.396 6。
藤黄酸-3-(4-溴苯氧基)丙酯(3b):棕黄色固体,产率65%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.58(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.89~2.05(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.31(d,J=13.36 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),3.13~3.18(m,4H,26,31-H),3.24~3.35(m,2H,1'-H),3.44(s,1H,11-H),3.93~4.15(m,2H,3'-H),5.01~5.17(m,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.93 Hz,1H,3-H),5.89~6.04(m,1H,27-H),6.64(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),6.70~6.78(m,2H,ArH),7.34(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),7.64~7.54(m,1H,10-H),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:864.9{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C47H54O9Br{[M +H]+}841.294 6,found 841.276 8。
藤黄酸-3-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)丙酯(3c):橙色油状液体,产率43%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,6H,19,24-H),1.33(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.57(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.94~2.03(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.30(d,J=12.75 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=8.70 Hz,1H,22-H),2.98~3.01(m,2H,26-H),3.09~3.23(m,2H,31-H),3.28~3.35(m,2H,1'-H),3.44(s,1H,11-H),3.78(s,3H,OCH3),3.98~4.16(m,2H,3'-H),5.04(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.32 Hz,1H,3-H),5.98~6.00(m,1H,27-H),6.42~6.49(m,3H,ArH),6.65(d,J=10.32 Hz,1H,4-H),7.12~7.17(m,1H,ArH),7.48~7.50(m,1H,10-H),12.84(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:815.4{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C48H57O10{[M + H]+} 793.394 6,found 793.395 2。
藤黄酸-3-(4-氨基-3-氟苯氧基)丙酯(3d):棕红色胶体,产率70%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.34~1.36(m,4H,24,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.64(s,8H,39,34,20-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.89~1.91(m,2H,2'-H),1.98~2.08(m,2H,36-H),2.26~2.34(m,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=9.10 Hz,1H,22-H),3.16~3.18(m,2H,26-H),3.29~3.33(m,2H,31-H),3.43~3.47(m,1H,11-H),3.82(t,J=6.07 Hz,2H,1'-H),4.01(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,3'-H),5.04(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.93 Hz,1H,3-H),6.00(s,1H,27-H),6.46~6.74(m,4H,4-H,ArH),7.49(d,J=6.27 Hz,1H,10-H),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:818.7{[M +Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C47H55NO9F{[M +H]+}796.385 5,found 796.380 8。
藤黄酸-3-(3-二乙氨基苯氧基)丙酯(3e):橙色油状液体,产率66%;1H NMR δ:1.26~1.28(m,6H,24,19-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.42(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.58(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.74(s,3H,25-H),1.94~2.03(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.30(d,J=12.75 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=8.70 Hz,1H,22-H),2.95~3.04(m,2H,26-H),3.10~3.23(m,2H,31-H),3.30~3.32(m,7H,11-H,CH3),3.41~3.52(m,2H,1'-H),3.97~4.11(m,2H,3'-H),5.04(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,3-H),5.96~6.07(m,1H,27-H),6.17(s,3H,ArH),6.66(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),7.04~7.09(m,1H,ArH),7.49(d,J=6.88 Hz,1H,10-H),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:834.2{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C51H64NO9{[M + H]+} 834.457 6,found 834.458 2。
藤黄酸-3-(4-硝基-2-氟苯氧基)丙酯(3f):棕黄色油状液体,产率48%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.57(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.98~2.08(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.32(d,J=14.37 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=9.51 Hz,1H,22-H),2.96(s,2H,26-H),3.13~3.18(m,2H,31-H),3.27~3.45(m,2H,1'-H),3.46(s,1H,11-H),4.06~4.10(m,2H,3'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.43(t,J=10.32 Hz,1H,3-H),5.97~6.06(m,1H,27-H),6.64(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),6.79(t,J=8.30 Hz,1H,ArH),7.51(d,J=6.88 Hz,1H,10-H),7.94~8.04(m,2H,ArH),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:848.4{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C47H53NO11F{[M + H]+} 826.359 7,found 826.360 3。
藤黄酸-3-(2-吡啶氧基)丙酯(3g):橙色油状液体,产率31%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.33(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.64(s,8H,20,34,39-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H), 1.73(s,5H,25,2'-H),1.94~2.03(m,2H,36-H),2.30(d,J=13.15 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=9.31 Hz,1H,22-H),2.91~3.06(m,2H,26-H),3.08~3.20(m,2H,31-H),3.31(t,J=11.74 Hz,2H,1'-H),3.46(s,1H,11-H),4.27~4.26(m,2H,3'-H),5.04(s,2H,32,37-H),5.40(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,3-H),6.00(s,1H,27-H),6.23~6.71(m,2H,4-H,ArH),6.84~6.94(m,1H,ArH),7.52(s,2H,ArH,10-H),8.11(s,1H,ArH),12.82(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:764.6{[M + Na]+};HRMS m/z:Calcd for C46H54NO9{[M + H]+} 764.379 3,found 764.380 7。
藤黄酸-3-(3-吡啶氧基)丙酯(3h):黄色粉末,产率86%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.29 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.57(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.93~2.03(m,4H,36,2'-H),2.31(d,J=12.75 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.51(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),2.95~3.04(m,2H,26-H),3.12~3.20(m,2H,31-H),3.25~3.33(m,1H,11-H),3.46~3.56(m,2H,1'-H),3.94~4.00(m,2H,3'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.73 Hz,1H,3-H),5.98~6.07(m,1H,27-H),6.65(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,4-H),7.16(d,J=10.12 Hz,2H,ArH),7.50(d,J=6.78 Hz,1H,10-H),8.19(s,1H,ArH),8.25(s,1H,ArH),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:764.4{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C46H54NO9{[M + H]+} 764.379 3,found 764.378 0。
藤黄酸-2-苯氧基乙酯(3i):黄色油状液体,产率41%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.27(s,3H,24-H),1.33(s,1H,21-Hb),1.40(s,3H,40-H),1.56(s,6H,35,39-H),1.65(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.95~2.04(m,2H,36-H),2.27(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.49(d,J=8.90 Hz,1H,22-H),2.98~3.05(m,2H,26-H),3.07~3.20(m,2H,31-H),3.35~3.38(m,1H,11-H),4.02(s,2H,1'-H),4.09~4.27(m,2H,2'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.40(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,3-H),5.99~6.08(m,1H,27-H),6.64(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,4-H),6.82(d,J=7.69 Hz,3H,ArH),6.90~6.97(m,2H,ArH),7.24(s,1H,10-H),12.85(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:771.3{[M +Na]+};HRMS m/z:Calcd for C46H53O9{[M + H]+} 749.368 4,found 749.369 2。
藤黄酸-2-(4-溴苯氧基)乙酯(3j):橙黄色胶体,产率46%;1H NMR δ:1.52~1.57(m,6H,19,24-H),1.33(s,1H,21-Hb),1.39(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.57(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.67(s,3H,29-H),1.72(s,3H,25-H),1.94~2.04(m,2H,36-H),2.28(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.50(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),2.97~3.05(m,2H,26-H),3.08~3.21(m,2H,31-H),3.30~3.32(m,1H,11-H),3.98(s,2H,1'-H),4.09~4.20(m,2H,2'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.40(t,J=10.32 Hz,1H,3-H),6.04~6.09(m,1H,27-H),6.62(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,4-H),6.71(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH),7.29(d,J=6.88 Hz,1H,10-H),7.35(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),12.83(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:829.1{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C46H52O9Br{[M + H]+} 827.278 9,found 827.279 8。
藤黄酸-2-(3-甲氧基苯氧基)乙酯(3k):棕黄色油状液体,产率51%;1H NMR δ:1.27(s,6H,19,24-H),1.33(s,1H,21-Hb),1.40(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.58(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.68(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.95~2.03(m,2H,36-H),2.27(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.49(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),2.86~2.94(m,2H,26-H),2.98~3.10(m,2H,31-H),3.14(s,1H,11-H),3.28~3.36(m,3H,OCH3),4.00(s,2H,1'-H),4.11~4.21(m,2H,2'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.41(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,3-H),6.04~6.08(m,1H,27-H),6.39~6.52(m,3H,ArH),6.64(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,4-H),7.15(t,J=7.49 Hz,1H,ArH),7.25~7.29(m,1H,10-H),12.85(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:779.1{[M + H]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C47H55O10{[M + H]+} 779.379 0,found 779.379 8。
藤黄酸-2-吡啶酯(3l):淡黄色粉末,产率36%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.29(s,3H,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.38(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.62(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.71(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.96~2.03(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.53(d,J=9.71 Hz,1H,22-H),2.98~3.04(m,2H,26-H),3.14~3.36(m,2H,31-H),3.45(s,1H,11-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.36(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,3-H),6.36~6.41(m,1H,27-H),6.61(t,J=10.52 Hz,1H,4-H),6.83(d,J=7.49 Hz,1H,5″-H),7.12~7.16(m,1H,3″-H),7.54(d,J=7.49 Hz,1H,10-H),7.71(t,J=7.49 Hz,1H,6″-H),8.31(s,1H,4″-H),12.81(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:706.0{[M + H]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C43H48NO8{[M +H]+}706.337 4,found 706.338 1。
藤黄酸-3-吡啶酯(3m):淡黄色粉末,产率85%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.29 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.38(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.62(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.73(s,6H,25,29-H),1.95~2.09(m,2H,36-H),2.32(d,J=12.75 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.55(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),3.11~3.17(m,2H,26-H),3.28~3.34(m,2H,31-H),3.47~3.48(m,1H,11-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.40(t,J=10.12 Hz,1H,3-H),6.28~6.34(m,1H,27-H),6.63(t,J=9.31 Hz,1H,4-H),7.31(s,1H,4″-H),7.43~7.48(m,1H,5″-H),7.52(d,J=6.07 Hz,1H,10-H),8.22(s,1H,6″-H),8.40(s,1H,2'-H),12.78(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:706.3{[M + H]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C43H48NO8{[M + H]+} 706.337 4,found 706.337 8。
(3)5a~5h的合成(以5a为例)
在反应瓶中加入苯甲酸(4a)250 mg(2 mmol)和二氯甲烷15 mL,搅拌使其溶解;于0℃依次加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)905 mg和二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)1.24 g的二氯甲烷(3 mL)溶液,于室温反应2 h。过滤,滤液浓缩,残余物加入3-氨基-1-丙醇451 mg(6 mmol)的THF(10 mL)溶液,于室温反应15 h。过滤,滤液用乙酸乙酯(3×50 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥;减压除溶后经柱层析(洗脱剂:A=1∶1)纯化得白色胶状固体3-苯甲酰基丙醇(5a)。
用类似的方法合成淡黄色粉末5b和5g,白色粉末5c~5f和5h。
5a:产率33%;1H NMR δ:1.64~1.71(m,2H,2'-H),1.99(s,1H,OH),3.30(t,J=5.9 Hz,2H,3'-H),3.46(dd,J=11.7 Hz,6.3 Hz,2H,1'-H),7.43~7.53(m,3H,ArH),7.81~7.84(m,2H,ArH),8.43(t,J=5.1 Hz,1H,NH); ESI-MS m/z:202.2{[M + Na]+}。
5b:产率53%;1H NMR δ:1.77~1.85(m,2H,2'-H),2.04(s,1H,OH),3.63(q,J=3.87 Hz,2H,1'-H),3.74(t,J=4.86 Hz,2H,3'-H),7.39(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),7.70(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:236.2{[M +Na]+}。
5c:产率67%;1H NMR δ:1.83~1.90(m,2H,2'-H),3.67(q,J=5.67 Hz,2H,1'-H),3.79~3.82(m,2H,3'-H),7.93(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH),8.27(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:847.1{[M + Na]+}。
5d:产率66%;1H NMR δ:1.78(t,J=5.06 Hz,2H,2'-H),3.62(q,J=5.87 Hz,2H,1'-H),3.70(t,J=5.06 Hz,2H,3'-H),3.84(s,3H,OCH3),6.91(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH),7.72(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:210.2{[M + H]+}。
5e:产率45%;1H NMR δ:1.76(t,J=5.26 Hz,2H,2'-H),3.03(s,6H,CH3),3.61(d,J=5.67 Hz,2H,1'-H),3.67(t,J=4.86 Hz,2H,3'-H),6.74(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH),7.69(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:245.2{[M + Na]+}。
5f:产率33%;1H NMR δ:1.59~1.66(m,2H,2'-H),3.38(q,J=5.87 Hz,2H,ArCH2),3.55~3.60(m,4H,1',3'-H),7.19(d,J=7.90 Hz,2H,ArH),7.32(d,J=7.90 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:250.1{[M + Na]+}。
5g:产率37%;1H NMR δ:1.64~1.71(m,2H,2'-H),3.42(q,J=5.87 Hz,2H,ArCH2),3.63~3.65(m,4H,1',3'-H),7.45(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH),8.19(d,J=8.10 Hz,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:261.2{[M + Na]+}。
5h:产率36%;1H NMR δ:1.59~1.62(m,2H,2'-H),3.37(q,J=6.07 Hz,2H,ArCH2),3.54~3.58(m,4H,1',3'-H),3.81(s,3H,OCH3),6.88(d,J=7.90 Hz,2H,ArH),7.15(d,J=7.90 Hz,2H,ArH); ESI-MS m/z:246.2{[M + Na]+}。
(4)6a~6h的合成
用5替代2,用1.2(3)的方法合成6a~6h。
藤黄酸-3-苯甲酰氨基丙酯(6a):黄色粉末,产率66%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=6.68 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.35(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.62(s,8H,20,34,39-H),1.69(s,5H,29,2'-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.94~2.04(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=12.95 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.52(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),2.86~3.05(m,2H,26-H),3.08~3.22(m,2H,31-H),3.28~3.36(m,3H,11,3'-H),3.45~3.51(m,2H,1'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.41(t,J=10.73 Hz,1H,3-H),6.02~6.10(m,1H,27-H),6.61(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),7.44(d,J=7.69 Hz,3H,ArH),7.53(d,J=6.68 Hz,1H,10-H),7.80(d,J=6.27 Hz,2H,ArH),12.88(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:790.1{[M + H]+};HRMS m/z:Calcd for C48H56NO9{[M + H]+} 790.395 0,found 790.395 5。
藤黄酸-3-(4-氯苯甲酰氨基)丙酯(6b):棕黄色粉末,产率88%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,3H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.35(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.57(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.72(s,3H,25-H),1.76~1.80(m,2H,2'-H),1.93~2.05(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=13.56 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.53(d,J=9.10 Hz,1H,22-H),2.99~3.18(m,2H,26-H),3.29~3.34(m,4H,31,1'-H),3.47(s,1H,11-H),3.96~4.03(m,2H,3'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=10.30 Hz,1H,3-H),6.07(s,1H,27-H),6.60(d,J=11.13 Hz,1H,4-H),7.41(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH),7.52(d,J=7.08 Hz,1H,10-H),7.75(d,J=8.10 Hz,2H,ArH),12.89(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:846.6{[M +Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C48H55NO9Cl{[M +H]+}824.356 0,found 824.355 4。
藤黄酸-3-(4-硝基苯甲酰氨基)丙酯(6c):橙色粉末,产率63%;1H NMR δ:1.25(s,1H,19-H),1.28(s,3H,24-H),1.35(s,1H,21-Hb),1.42(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.58(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.70~1.74(m,6H,25,29-H),1.79~1.83(m,2H,2'-H),2.01~2.08(m,2H,36-H),2.33~2.35(m,1H,21-Ha),2.54(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),3.17(s,2H,26-H),3.26~3.39(m,2H,31-H),3.48(s,1H,11-H),3.53~3.73(m,2H,1'-H),3.96~4.01(m,2H,3'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.43(t,J=10.12 Hz,1H,3-H),6.09~6.15(m,1H,27-H),6.59(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),7.53(d,J=7.89 Hz,1H,10-H),7.99(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),8.30(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH),12.90(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:857.7{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C48H55N2O11{[M + H]+} 835.380 0,found 835.381 0。
藤黄酸-3-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰氨基)丙酯(6d):橙黄色固体,产率80%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=6.88 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.59(s,3H,39-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.76~1.81(m,2H,2'-H),2.00~2.04(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.52(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),3.00~3.21(m,2H,26-H),3.28~3.34(m,2H,31-H),3.45~3.49(m,1H,11-H),3.93~4.06(m,2H,3'-H),4.20(q,J=7.28 Hz,5H,OCH3,1'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.41(t,J=11.33 Hz,1H,3-H),6.01~6.09(m,1H,27-H),6.61(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,4-H),6.92(d,J=8.50 Hz,2H,ArH),7.53(d,J=6.48 Hz,1H,10-H),7.76(d,J=8.50 Hz,2H,ArH),12.89(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:842.7{[M + Na]+};HRMS m/z:Calcd for C49H58NO10{[M + H]+} 820.405 5,found 820.404 5。
藤黄酸-3-(4-二甲氨基苯甲酰氨基)丙酯(6e):淡黄色粉末,产率66%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.08 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.35(s,1H,21-Hb),1.42(s,3H,40-H),1.54(s,3H,35-H),1.60~1.63(m,8H,20,34,39-H),1.70(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),1.76~1.78(m,2H,2'-H),2.00~2.05(m,2H,36-H),2.30(d,J=12.35 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.52(d,J=8.30 Hz,1H,22-H),3.12~3.19(m,2H,26-H),3.30~3.35(m,3H,11,31-H),3.46~3.48(m,2H,1'-H),3.96~4.03(m,2H,3'-H),5.03(s,2H,32,37-H),5.42(t,J=11.13 Hz,1H,3-H),6.02~6.10(m,1H,27-H),6.63(t,J=4.25 Hz,1H,4-H),6.62(d,J=9.92 Hz,2H,ArH),7.54(d,J=6.27 Hz,1H,10-H),7.73(d,J=8.30 Hz,2H,ArH),12.90(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:855.7 {[M +Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C50H61N2O9{[M + H]+} 833.437 2,found 833.445 4。
藤黄酸-3-(4-氯苯乙酰氨基)丙酯(6f):橙黄色粉末,产率63%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.08 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.40(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.61(s,5H,39,2'-H),1.65(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),2.00~2.07(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=13.56 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.52(d,J=9.51 Hz,1H,22-H),2.80~3.04(m,2H,26-H),3.11~3.15(m,2H,31-H),3.26~3.33(m,2H,ArCH2),3.44~3.53(m,5H,11,1',3'-H),4.99~5.12(m,2H,32,37-H),5.41(t,J=10.12 Hz,1H,3-H),6.06(t,J=7.08 Hz,1H,27-H),6.58(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),7.19~7.31(m,4H,ArH),7.50(d,J=7.08 Hz,1H,10-H),12.85(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:860.7{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C49H57NO9Cl{[M + H]+} 838.371 6,found 838.371 6。
藤黄酸-3-(4-硝基苯乙酰氨基)丙酯(6g):橙黄色固体,产率60%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.28 Hz,3H,19-H),1.35(s,1H,21-Hb),1.41(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.59(s,3H,39-H),1.65~1.70(m,10H,20,29,34,2'-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),2.00~2.04(m,2H,36-H),2.31(d,J=12.95 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.53(d,J=9.11 Hz,1H,22-H),3.10~3.17(m,2H,26-H),3.30(t,J=11.13 Hz,2H,31-H),3.48(s,1H,11-H),3.82~3.98(m,2H,ArCH2),4.20(q,J=7.08 Hz,4H,1',3'-H),5.01~5.04(m,2H,32,37-H),5.42(d,J=9.92 Hz,1H,3-H),6.10~6.12(m,1H,27-H),6.58(d,J=10.32 Hz,1H,4-H),7.48(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),7.52(d,J=7.08 Hz,1H,10-H),8.19(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),12.89(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:871.7{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C49H57N2O11{[M + H]+} 849.395 7,found 849.396 0。
藤黄酸-3-(4-甲氧基苯乙酰氨基)丙酯(6h):橙黄色粉末,产率84%;1H NMR δ:1.28(t,J=7.29 Hz,6H,19,24-H),1.34(s,1H,21-Hb),1.40(s,3H,40-H),1.55(s,3H,35-H),1.59(s,5H,39,2'-H),1.64(s,5H,20,34-H),1.69(s,3H,29-H),1.73(s,3H,25-H),2.00~2.07(m,2H,36-H),2.30(d,J=12.55 Hz,1H,21-Ha),2.50(d,J=9.31 Hz,1H,22-H),2.83~3.01(m,2H,26-H),3.09~3.15(m,4H,1',3'-H)3.25~3.32(m,2H,31-H),3.49(s,3H,11-H,ArCH2),3.79(s,3H,OCH3),5.00~5.07(m,2H,32,37-H),5.40(t,J=10.12 Hz,1H,3-H),6.00~6.07(m,1H,27-H),6.58(d,J=10.12 Hz,1H,4-H),6.86(d,J=7.89 Hz,2H,ArH),7.16(d,J=7.69 Hz,2H,ArH),7.50(d,J=6.88 Hz,1H,10-H),12.80(s,1H,6-OH); ESI-MS m/z:856.7{[M + Na]+};HR-MS m/z:Calcd for C50H60NO10{[M +H]+}834.421 2,found 834.421 3。
1.3抗肿瘤活性测定
取对数生长期肿瘤细胞株[肝癌(HepG-2)、肺腺癌(A549)和乳腺癌(SK-BR-3)],用含10%胎牛血清的RMPI1640培养液配制为单个细胞悬液,在96孔板上每孔加入100 μL(约含5×103~1×104个肿瘤细胞),培养过夜。加入3和6的RMPI1640溶液,微滤除菌,分别稀释c为(10.0,5.0,2.5,1.0,0.5)μmol·L-1;每组设3个平行孔,以100 μL RMPI1640为阴性对照组。将96孔板于37℃培养24 h,每孔加入5 mg·mL-1MTT溶液10 μL,温育4 h,吸出上清液,加入DMSO 100 μL,振摇,用酶标仪于490 nm处测定各孔OD值。再计算IC50值。
2 结果与讨论
2.1抗肿瘤活性
3和6的抗肿瘤活性见表1。由表1可见,3g,3h和3l对HepG-2抑制活性较强,其中3l的活性最强(IC50为1.35 μmol·L-1),是Ⅰ的4倍。3g,3h和3m对SK-BR-3抑制活性较好,其中3h的活性最高(IC50为0.49 μmol·L-1),是Ⅰ的4倍。3g,3h,3l和3m均为含吡啶杂环的藤黄酸衍生物,说明在Ⅰ的30-位上引入含氮芳杂环可提高其抗肿瘤活性,这可能与含氮芳杂环的亲水性和能与受体形成氢键的能力有关。
由表1还可见,与Ⅰ相比,抑制活性增强不明显的藤黄酸衍生物有3a~3c和3i~3k;羧基与芳基之间连接臂的长度对抗肿瘤活性影响不大;抑制活性增加较明显的3g,3l,3h和3m,其连接臂的长度对抗肿瘤活性有较大影响;苯环上取代基,苯基与连接臂的连接方式(醚键或酰胺键)均对抗肿瘤活性无明显影响。
表1 化合物的抗肿瘤活性Table 1 Antitumor activities of compounds
2.2合成
合成2a~2f时,最初使用丙酮作溶剂,反应时间较长(>30 h),产率较低(<30%)。改用DMF作溶剂,反应时间缩短至15 h左右,产率大幅提高(约60%)。合成2g和2h时,先按照合成2a的反应条件(碳酸钾为碱,DMF为溶剂,回流反应),但2g和2h产率极低。后改用KOH作碱,DMSO为溶剂,于室温反应,2g和2h产率较高。2h和2m的产率明显高于2g和2l,说明羟基吡啶的羟基位置对反应有较大影响。合成4时,最初使用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)作催化剂,产物杂质较多且难以分离。改用DCC和HOSu作偶联剂,产物纯度较高。
3 结论
以藤黄酸为原料,通过修饰30-羧基,设计并合成了21个新型的藤黄酸衍生物。初步的体外抗肿瘤活性实验结果表明:部分化合物的抑制活性明显高于藤黄酸。构效关系研究结果对合成新型藤黄酸衍生物具有一定指导意义。
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·研究论文·
Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of
Novel Aryl-substituted Gambogic Acid Derivatives
ZHANG Zhi-jia1a,1b,LI Jin-hai1a,CHEN Mei-jun1a,HUANG Yan1a,ZHAO Lu-ning1c
[a.School of Pharmaceutical Science(Guangzhou 511436); b.The Third Affiliated Hospital(Guangzhou 510150); c.Experimental Medical Research Center(Guangzhou 511436),1.Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,China]
Abstract:Aryloxy(heterocyclic)-alcohol(2a~2k)were prepared by Williamson ether reaction of substituted phenols(or hydroxypyridines)with bromo-alcohol,using K2CO3as alkali.Gambogic acid derivatives(3a~3k)were synthesized by Mitsunobu reaction of 2a~2m with gambogic acid,respectively.Arycarbonyl-amibo alcohols(5a~5h)were prepared by coupling reaction of aromatic acid with 3-amino-1-propanol,using DDC/HOSu as coupling agent.Gambogic acid derivatives(6a~6h)were synthesized by Mitsunobu reaction of 5a~5h with gambogic acid,respectively.2,3,5 and 6 were new compounds and the structures were characterized by1H NMR,ESI-MS and HR-MS.The in vitro antitumor activities of 3 and 6 against human lung cancer cells(A549),human liver cancer cells(HepG-2)and human breast cancer cells(SK-BR-3)were investigated by MTT method.The results showed that some of the compounds exhibited better antitumor activities than gambogic acid.
Keywords:gambogic acid; stucture modification; derivative; synthesis; antitumor activity
通讯作者:黄雁,博士,教授,E-mail:drhuangyan@163.com;赵路宁,高级实验师,E-mail:zhaoluning@ gzmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张志佳(1990-),男,汉族,广东广州人,硕士研究生,主要从事药物合成的研究。E-mail:twig90@163.com
基金项目:广东省科技计划资助项目(2013B031800021)
收稿日期:2015-01-05;
修订日期:2015-09-18
DOI:10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.12.1085 *
文献标识码:A
中图分类号:O621.3; O623.624