多线铁路拱加劲连续梁桥上无缝线路梁格模型
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摘要:以新建铁路成都至兰州线上某(36+112+36) m双线拱加劲连续梁桥为背景,采用理想弹塑性道床阻力模型,建立轨梁墩一体化的传统平面模型和空间梁格模型,对比分析2种计算模型中拱加劲连续梁桥上钢轨纵向附加力的分布规律.研究表明:梁格模型与平面模型计算所得的线路纵向力变化规律基本一致,但平面模型的计算结果偏于保守;平面模型无法准确反映不对称加载时多线轨道的空间受力特性;对于大跨度多线铁路桥而言,宜采用空间梁格模型对其上无缝线路进行检算.
关键词:桥梁结构;铁路桥梁;有限元分析;无缝线路;梁格法
中图分类号:U213.912 文献标识码:A
拱加劲连续梁桥具有跨越能力大、结构刚度强、造型美观等优点,且有效降低了上部结构对墩和基础刚度的要求,在我国高速铁路建设中的应用日益广泛.拱加劲连续梁桥空间性比较强,桥上常铺设多线轨道,其桥梁和轨道结构的受力情况较为复杂.
目前对拱加劲连续梁桥上无缝线路纵向力的相关研究相对较少,且研究所用模型多为平面模型.平面模型无法考虑梁体的横向变形和活载的空间分布特性,仅适用于宽跨比不大的单线窄箱梁桥,采用平面模型研究多线拱加劲连续梁桥上无缝线路受力规律,其适用性仍有待商榷.
与平面模型相比,梁格模型更能体现多线拱加劲连续梁桥的结构及荷载布置的空间性,相对于实体模型也更加简便快捷.
本文基于梁格法,采用通用有限元分析软件建立某(36+112+36) m拱加劲连续梁桥的空间梁格模型,与传统的平面杆系模型计算结果进行对比.探讨拱加劲连续梁桥结构及荷载的空间特性对桥上轨道结构纵向力分布规律的影响.
4结论
1) 本文所建立的拱加劲连续梁桥与双线轨道相互作用的梁格模型比平面模型更精细,比实体模型更简洁,能够准确反映桥上无缝线路受力的空间特性,具有较强的适用性.
2) 梁格模型和平面模型中钢轨伸缩应力和断轨应力的变化规律基本一致,但平面模型计算结果偏大.平面模型计算所得的最大伸缩压应力比梁格模型偏大约10.5%;平面模型中钢轨在一侧梁端断开引起的另一侧梁端处钢轨应力比梁格模型计算结果偏大约41.4%.
3) 平面模型和梁格模型中钢轨挠曲应力分布规律基本一致,但平面模型最大值比梁格模型偏大约50.1%.
4) 双线对向制动工况下,平面模型制动应力基本为零,梁格模型制动应力有多处峰值,平面模型无法准确模拟双线对向制动工况.
5) 单线行驶时,梁格模型有载线钢轨制动应力变化趋势比无载线复杂,制动压应力均在梁端达到峰值,但有载线是无载线的1.4倍.平面模型与梁格模型有载线钢轨制动应力变化规律一致,但数值上远大于梁格模型计算结果.传统的平面模型无法准确反映桥上多线轨道的受力情况.
6) 对于活载作用下大跨度多线铁路桥上无缝线路纵向力分析,建议采用本文所述的考虑轨道结构的桥梁空间梁格模型.
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