开罗国际会议中心，开罗，埃及

建筑设计：魏敦山/上海市民用建筑设计院

开罗国际会议中心，开罗，埃及

建筑设计：魏敦山/上海市民用建筑设计院

1 外景/Exterior view

开罗国际会议中心是一座国际性、现代化、多功能综合性大型公共建筑。基地建在埃及首都开罗市纳赛尔城，东邻无名英雄纪念碑及检阅台，北面为开罗国家体育场，西面为国际博览会，建成后将成为埃及的重要政治文化及旅游中心。

建筑设计充分考虑所处地理自然环境，注意吸收埃及的人文历史精华、传统艺术形象等特点。埃及是人类社会最早创造阿拉伯数字以及几何学的古代文明国家，给人类社会带来进步的影响。会议中心平面设计采用了多种严谨完整的几何形体，把圆形、方形和八角形等形体有机地构成一个斜边300多米长的三角形建筑群体，并应用建筑轴线对位手法，将圆形国际会议厅和宴会厅的圆心轴线均对准纪念碑中心，形成一个三角形轴线网格关系的图案。这样既突出了主体建筑，也强调了环境的完整性。

2 模型/Model

基地地形南高北低，高差达7m，故将主要厅室全部设在2层标高处，底层架空，结合庭院绿化，形成优雅的流动空间，虚实结合，变化有序，底层部分设置新闻中心、设备机房等辅助用房，整个建筑物高度得到提高，使建筑外貌更为雄伟壮观。

在建筑艺术造型方面，力求在充分吸取埃及民族伊斯兰建筑艺术传统风格的基础上，体现现代建筑的时代特征，使两者取得结合。建筑形式能忠实地反映出建筑的内容，使建筑形式、内容与技术上具有一个内涵的联系，创作思想上追求技术、艺术、文化完美的结合。在吸取埃及传统建筑形式时，采取“神似”的处理手法，不搞伊斯兰清真寺院穹顶，对称、封闭的内庭广场等形式，在建筑外形处理上，两座圆形主体建筑采用线条挺拔粗犷、简洁有序的柱廊，并配以埃及常见的尖拱形式，用恰当的尺度及比例加以处理。整个建筑群选用的大片白色实墙、白色大理石柱廊与深茶色的玻璃幕墙有机组合；柱廊凹凸阴影强烈、虚实相间，力求取得较好的艺术效果。

主大门入口设置2排旗杆台座，可悬挂120个国家的国旗。28m宽的立交桥可直达国际会议厅序厅及主门厅，立交桥正中设有大型喷水池及主旗杆，增强建筑环境的欢乐热烈气氛。

基地西面设置西入口，供宴会厅专用，北面设大片停车场，可停车1268辆。

基地东南面设置大片绿化，设置数处中国特色的江南庭园，环境幽美。

本工程于1986年5月6日由中、埃两国元首时任中国国家主席李先念与时任埃及总统穆巴拉克奠基开工，1989年11月由中、埃两国元首时任中国国家主席杨尚昆与时任埃及总统穆巴拉克竣工剪彩开幕，并授予埃及国家一级军事勋章。

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: 魏敦山/WEI Dunshan

建筑设计团队/Project Team: 滕典，田守林，朱荣亚等/ TENG Dian, TIAN Shoulin, ZHU Rongya, et al

用地面积/Site Area: 25.4hm2

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area: 58415m2

总造价/Cost: 15484万瑞士法郎

设计时间/Design Period: 1983-1986Cairo International Conference Center is a large-scale comprehensive international modern public building with multi-functions. Located in Nasr City, Cairo of Egypt, it is adjacent to the Unknown Soldier Memorial and the Reviewing Stand to the east, Cairo International Stadium to the north and International Exposition Center to the west. Since completion it has become an important political, cultural and tourist center in Egypt.

4 二层平面/Floor 1 plan

5.6 内景/Interior view

The design fully considers the geographical and

natural environment and purposely absorbs the essence of human history and traditional art image. Egypt is the first ancient civilization to have created Arabic numerals and geometry, which has exerted positive influence on human society. So the plane of the conference center adopts various rigorous and complete geometric forms such as circle, square and octagon etc., putting them into an organic triangle building complex with a hypotenuse of 300 meters long. By applying the axis contrapuntal method, the central axes of the circular international conference hall and the banquet hall are aligned with the center of the monument, so as to form a triangular axis grid pattern. It does not only highlight the main building, but also stresses the environmental integrity. The south side of the base is seven meters higher than the north, so most of the main halls are located at the second floor elevation. The elevated ground floor and the green courtyard form a gracefully flowing space with orderly intricacy. On the ground floor are auxiliary rooms such as the news center and equipment room etc. The whole building is heightened and its appearance is splendid. Concerning the formative arts of architecture, the design successfully combines the characteristics of modern architecture with Egypt's national elements and the Islamic traditional architectural style. Its form faithfully reflects its content, which establishes a connotative connection between form, content and technology. A perfect union oftechnology, arts and culture is also achieved. In absorbing Egypt's traditional architectural form, likeness in spirit is pursued instead of building an Islamic dome or an enclosed symmetrical court square. In the handling of architectural appearance, two round main buildings are supported by a tall, rough and simple colonnade with the common pointed arches of Egypt. The colonnade is well proportioned and appropriately scaled. The large white solid walls, the white marble colonnade and the deep dark brown glass curtain walls are organically integrated into the entire architectural complex. The colonnade, with strong shadows between the concave and the convex, achieves better artistic effects.

7 南立面/South elevation

At the main entrance there is a pedestal with two rows of flagpoles which are able to hang the flags of 120 countries. The 28m wide overpass directly reaches the vestibule and the main entrance hall of the conference center. At the center of the overpass are located a large fountain and the main flagpole, which enhances the joyous atmosphere of the architectural environment.

The west entrance serves exclusively for the banquet hall. In the north there is a huge parking lot with a capacity of 1268 vehicles.

The southeastern part of the base is a large green area, where several Chinese gardens are built.

The project was started on May 6, 1986, by LI Xiannian, then-President of China and Anwar Mubarak, then-President of Egypt. When the construction was completed, it was opened in November, 1989, by YANG Shangkun, then-President of China and Anwar Mubarak, then-President of Egypt. It was awarded Egypt's highest military honor.

8 埃及国家一级军事勋章/Egypt's national military medal

9 内景/Interior view

10.11 内景/Interior view

评论

柳亦春：这个建筑让我们回到了1980年代在设计中关于感性与理性的诠释与记忆中。理性的是一套隐含的有关轴线与网格的数学关系，仿佛这个场地中的密码，由设计者在一开始设定，随着各种设计元素的进入，密码被多次转化。这样的设计，深刻印证着柯布西耶的“平面式生成元”的设计思想，体量的几何都是平面生成的结果，立面中衍生的有关埃及地方常见的尖拱形式是设计者的感性叠加，同时也是平面几何的产物。

彭怒：1950年代的援外项目为中国建筑师提供了实践在国内被批判的现代建筑的机缘，作为1980年代援外项目的代表，该建筑展现了中国建筑师获得创作自由时所具有的知识和实践状态。设计生成明显依循了从多轴线系统、平面到基本几何体组合的原则。圆形主体建筑顶部的连续尖券，并非传统建筑符号的拼贴而演化为简练的体块组合，呈现出建筑师对伊斯兰建筑传统“神似”的主动追求下结果的“形似”，而非“神似形异”。

Comments

LIU Yichun: This building reminds us of the interpretation of rationality and sensibility in architectural design in the 1980s. The rationality of the building is hidden in the mathematical relationship between axes and grids, like a cipher code of the site set by the designer and repeatedly converted as various design elements are added. The design further confirms Le Corbusier's concept of the plan as the generator. The geometric volume is generated by the plan, and the pointed arch derived from the façade, which is often seen in Egypt, is the overlaying of the architect's sensibility and also the product of plane geometry.

PENG Nu: The foreign aid projects in the 1950s provided opportunities for Chinese architects to practice modernism architecture design, which was criticized in China at that time. As a representative work in the 1980s, the project reflects the professional knowledge and practice capacity delivered by Chinese architects when they were given the freedom in creation. The design apparently follows the principle of multiaxis system and planes, with fundamental geometries. The continuous arch on the top of the main building is not collage of traditional architectural symbols, but achieved by volume organization, which shows the architect's pursuit for "spiritalike" Islamic architecture and the "form-alike" is achieved as a result, rather than "spirit-alike but form-different".

Cairo International Conference Center, Cairo, Egypt, 1989

Architects: WEI Dunshan/Shanghai Municipal Civil Building Design Institute