运用“简缩从句”法简缩定语从句

李宗祥

（甘肃省庄浪一中，平凉 744600）

运用“简缩从句”法简缩定语从句

李宗祥

（甘肃省庄浪一中，平凉 744600）

在高中阶段，随着学习的深入和知识面的增大，学生已学习了许多复合句式，如：定语从句、状语从句及名词性从句。大部分学生会觉得掌握这些类似的知识越来越难，尤其是在高二接触非谓语动词之后，对英语的正确表达及使用感到吃力。这些问题反映在高中写作练习及短文改错中尤为明显，不但不会正确运用新的语言点，而且会把初中原本掌握的简单句型复杂化，随意乱用各种从句，莫名其妙地堆砌分词、不定式等，“创造”出各种非英语句式。因此，在高中复习阶段，合理地教给学生如何表达复合句式及简单句式，以及弄清楚它们之间关系尤为重要。本文就从定语从句如何简缩为简单句着手，讨论英语句子结构的某些环节，我们称之为定语从句的简缩。

简缩从句 简缩 定语从句

一、用分词简缩定语从句：

从句的谓语动词如果表示“进行，一般或过去”状态时可简缩为现在分词短语（the participle phrase）。如果从句的谓语动词是被动结构或先行词（the antecedent）是从句动作的承受者时，用过去分词短语（P、P、verb phrase）简缩。如:

1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster?

® Who is that man talking with our headmaster? ( is talking 是现在进行时 )

2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.

® The woman working in the company is an engineer. ( works是一般现在时 )

3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

® A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

(wore是一般过去时)

二、用动词不定式简缩定语从句：

从句里的谓语动词如果表示一个发生过或未发生的行为，或具有情态意义时，则从句往往可简缩为不定式短语（the Infinitive phrase）[主、从句主语不一致时，用不定式复合结构，即：for+从句的主语（宾格）+不定式]，如：

1.He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.

® He is the first man to fly over the Pacific

2.Jane is the only girl who attended the meeting in our class.

® Jane is the only girl to attend the meeting in our class.

（ 注：第1、2句从句中的谓语动作flew，attended是发生过的行为）

三、用形容词短语简缩定语从句：

如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构，且表并语是形容词短语（adjective phrases）时，那么，整个定语从句通常可简缩为形容词短语。如：

1.Our headmaster is a person who is always full of confidence.

® Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.

2.Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.

® Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.

四、用介词短语简缩定语从句：

如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构, 并且表语是介词短语（preposition phrases）或近似介词短语时，那么定语从句往往可以简缩为介词短语,如：

1.The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.

® The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.

2.The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.

® The building near the hospital used to be a bank.

3.Please reach me the book that is on the shelf.

® Please reach me the book on the shelf.

4.The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.

® The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.

5.I met a strange man who carried an big umbrella.

® I met a strange man with an big umbrella.