刊首语

刊首语

全球正面临着日益严峻的环境与生存问题：如不断上升的海平面；受到侵蚀的海岸与淡水资源；气候变暖和增多的极端天气；破碎化的生态系统；增加的内陆洪水、城市内涝风险等，风景园林师该如何积极寻求应对这些挑战的全新设计途径，以实现可持续的诗意栖居？

基础设施（infra-structure）这个词最早出现在几个世纪前的军事规划中，但直到1927年，美国用来描述密西西比河巨大的洪水时才第一次正式使用，用来记录粮食安全、排水系统、地面交通、能源储备、国土防御等对于社会和经济的基础支撑作用。

把绿色（Green）与基础设施（Infrastructure）合起来使用，组成绿色基础设施（GI），拓展了学科新领域，使绿色空间支撑城市生活的作用显著提升。在此之前，基础设施的概念几乎被等同于市政（灰色）基础设施，GI的提出也完善了基础设施的范畴。

人工干预自然系统作为基础设施的观念出现已久，而“绿色基础设施”概念正式出现是在 20 世纪90 年代中期，主要受奥姆斯特德的公园系统思想，以及生物学家建立生态保护网络以减少生境破碎化概念的影响，强调了由自然环境决定土地使用，突出自然环境的“生命支撑”（life support）功能，将城市与社区发展融入自然，建立系统性生态网络结构。

不同于传统基础设施不可见、静态和使用寿命有限、造价昂贵的特点，绿色基础设施主要是通过水、植物、土壤、地形以及公共空间（社会基础设施）等风景园林要素，构建可见、动态、弹性以及自我可持续发展的系统，真正实现经济、生态和社会的均衡发展。

绿色基础设施相关理念进入到我国已有近10年的时间，但仅有概念是不够的，风景园林作为致力于建成环境的学科，任何理论与概念的最终目标是指导实践。如何把绿色基础设施与我国传统营造智慧、当代城市管理政策、规划设计、建构技术等不同层面相适应，并具有可操作性是我们需要深入研究与思考的。可喜的是近年来从行业主管层面逐步推出的海绵城市、绿道网络等均可列入到GI范畴，使得绿色基础设施从理论上升到城市战略层面，具备了在可操作阶段进行实践探索的基础。

我国正处于新型城镇化的关键时期，GI 理论与实践对于基础设施建设、土地生态利用等具有重要意义，这或许能够成为应对当代环境危机、实现可持续发展的一个新途径。在此背景下，本期集结数位优秀风景园林工作者的研究成果，以期促进学界对绿色基础设施在我国应用的深入讨论和思考。

编辑部2015年5月15日

PREFACE

The world is facing increasingly serious environmental and survival issues， for example， the rising sea levels，erosion of coastal and freshwater resources， climate change and increased extreme weather， fragmentation of ecosystems， increased inland flooding and urban waterlogging risk etc. As a landscape architect， how do we seek new design methods to address these challenges in order to achieve sustainable poetic dwelling？

The word “Infra-structure” first appeared in military planning a few centuries ago. It was until 1927 that“Infra-structure” was used for the first time to describe the social and economic fundamental roles of the food safety， drainage system， road traffic， energy reserves and territory defense in the huge floods in Mississippi River.

When “Green” and “Infrastructure” are combined together as green infrastructure， it has advanced the new frontiers of the discipline and increased the role of green space in supporting urban life. Before that， the concept of infrastructure was regarded as civil （grey） infrastructure. Therefore， the proposal of green infrastructure also has improved the realm of infrastructure.

Human's intervention on nature system as the concept of infrastructure has existed for a long time. The concept of green infrastructure formerly appeared in the mid-90s of the 20th century. It was influenced by Olmsted's idea of park system and the eco-conservation network established by biologists to reduce habit fragmentation. The concept of green infrastructure emphasizes that the land use should be decided by nature environment and highlights the life support functions of nature environment which will integrate the development of city and communities into nature and create a systematic econetwork structure.

Unlike the traditional infrastructure that are invisible，motionless， limited service life and expensive cost，green infrastructure can create a visible， dynamic，flexible and sustainable system by landscape architecture elements such as water， plants， soil， topology and public space （social infrastructure） ， to achieve a harmonious development of economy， ecology and society.

It has been nearly ten years since the theory of green infrastructure was introduced to China. But only concept and theory are not enough. As a discipline that is dedicated to creating a better environment， the main goal of any theory and concept of landscape architecture is to provide guidance for practice. Therefore， it is necessary for us to think and study how to adapt green infrastructure to the modern urban management policy， planning and design methods and construction techniques and make green infrastructure operational. Fortunately， we are happy to see that the concept of sponge city and greenway network proposed by the administrative departments of this field can be listed into the category of green infrastructure， which will make green infrastructure arise from the theory level to an urban strategy level and lay the foundation for practice and experiment.

China is at a key period of new urbanization. The theory and practice of green infrastructure is significant to the construction of infrastructure and land ecouse. It may become a new approach to address the current environment issues and achieve a sustainable development. Under this background ， this issue of Landscape Architecture presents a collection of research achievement of excellent landscape architects， which will encourage a further discussion and thinking of the application of green infrastructure in the fields of landscape architecture.

Editorial Department May 15， 2015