大学英语专业英文写作中连贯与衔接手段

高岩鹰

沈阳师范大学 （沈阳 110034）

听、说、读、写、译这五项是作为一名外语学习者所应该掌握的基本语言技能，在学习掌握每一项技能的过程中，都会面临不同的难题和障碍。当我们在进行大学英语作文写作时，学生更多地是注重整体上的想法和见解的表达，以及词汇表达的准确性，往往对衔接与连贯不够重视，导致句子内部、段落内部以及段落与段落之间的启承转合比较生涩，大大地影响了文章结构的严谨性和行文的流畅性。

英语写作注重形式或者外在的语言形式的使用。也就是说，英语则必须有显性的衔接手段连接上下文，如一些表示原因、结果和顺序等的衔接词。其主要目的是把文章里的各种内容有机地连接起来，加强点与点之间的联系，使其成为一个整体，帮助读者更加清楚、准确地判断各部分之间的关系，更好地把握全文。下面从句子内部的连贯、段落内部的衔接、段落之间的衔接这三个方面来简单介绍实现连贯和衔接的手段。

1 句子内部的连贯

句子内部的连贯是指句子各部分之间清楚而合理的联系，具有清晰紧密的逻辑关系。句子中的词语和各部分应恰当地衔接，它们之间的关系应十分清楚。不连贯的句子通常有以下几种毛病：误用平行结构，代词指代不清楚，修饰语和被修饰语的关系不明确，在人称、数、语态、时态或语气上有混乱之处。下面来举例说明：

错误:He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the students.

修改:He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the students.

平行的意思最好用平行的结构来表达，这样会使句子清楚连贯以及重点突出。上面错误句中的of wide experience和who is also very popular在形式上不平行，所以应改动其中之一。

2 段落内部的衔接

段落是一个有机联系的整体，除了所有的句子意思都清楚并且按一定的逻辑关系组织成段之外，还需要通过一定的语言手段在段内各句间进行衔接和过渡，来保证段落的意义连贯性，有五种为英语中段落内部常见的衔接手段，分别为指称、替代、省略、词汇衔接和过渡词衔接，用来加强句与句之间的连贯性，加强文章行文的流畅性。

下面这个段落中用了them,their和they代替reporters，读起来就很顺畅。

例句：When reporters interview crime victims or the residents of poor neighborhoods,the camera angle typically includes them and their reaction as well as their subjects.When they report on a storm,they stand outside in the storm,their styled hair blowing,so we can admire how they “brave the elements”.

3 段落之间的衔接手段

不仅段落内需要衔接过渡，当段落与段落组合成语篇时，段落之间也需要衔接过渡，也要按一定的逻辑关系组织段落，从而确保段落之间的统一性、连贯性和顺畅性。

3.1 引言段与正文段的衔接

引言段和正文段之间的衔接主要靠引言段中的中心思想句与正文段的主题句之间意义的呼应来实现。每一篇文章有一个中心论点，正文段每一段都有一个主题句，主题句服务于中心思想句，也就是说，正文段主题句的内容与中心思想句在内容上保持一致。

例如：

中心思想句:My apartment has given me nothing but headaches.

主题句:First of all,my landlord has been uncooperative.

Second,I’ve had a problem not only with my landlord but also with an incompetent janitor.

Finally,the worst problem has been with the inconsiderate neighbors who live in the apartment above me.

3.2 正文段的衔接

正文段是文章的主体，在大学英语专业作文写作中一般都是三段，最常用的就是正文段段首衔接。正文段段首的衔接主要是通过在主题句前面使用衔接词实现的，常用的有表示时间顺序 (chronological order)的To begin with,Next,Finally或First,Then,Finally等；有表示并列关系的First,Second,Third/Last;Firstly/First of all,Secondly,Lastly;To begin with,Besides,Finally等；也有表示重要性是递进关系(emphatic order)的First of all,Furthermore/More importantly,Most importantly或For one thing,In addition,Most important of all等。下面就重要性递进关系举例说明：

First of all,taking part-time jobs can help reduce the financial burden of the students’families.

Furthermore,taking part-time jobs can teach students much about hardship.

Most importantly,doing part-time jobs can sharpen students’awareness of the society.

3.3 结论段的衔接

结论段是全文的总结段，所以结论段的衔接通过总结来实现。在“形合”方面，也就是外在的语言形式上常用的衔接词是in summary,in short,to sum up,in one word,from what is said above,from the above discussion,thus,therefore等等。在内容上，结论段重申文章的中心思想，和引言段的中心思想衔接；重申正文要点，保持与正文段的衔接。

中心思想句:In my opinion,living on campus is much better than living away from universities because it helps students with their study,their extracurricular life as well as their relationship with classmates.

主题句:To begin with,living on campus can help students study more efficiently.

Further more,living on campus can help students live a richer extracurricular life.

Finally,living on campus can help students create real friendship with classmates.

结论段:Therefore,we can see that(衔接词)living on campus is obviously a better choice(中心思想)because it can help students with their study,their extracurricular life and their relationship with others(三个要点).

4 结语

综上所述，对于像英语这样非常注重外在语言形式的语言而言，熟练掌握运用各种衔接

连贯手段是写好英语作文的关键之一。学生在进行英文写作时，应对此给予极大的重视，通过持之以恒的练习，最终必定会实现从结构松散、条理不清、重点不突出到上下连贯、条理清楚、层次分明的转变。

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