国外大样本针灸临床试验研究情报监测与分析
2014-11-21李敬华童元元赵英凯高宏杰王俊文
何 巍 李敬华 童元元 赵英凯 高宏杰 王俊文 张 黎
(中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所,北京,100700)
1996年WHO在意大利米兰会议上确立并推广针灸的适应证为64种[1],极大促进和推动了针灸临床研究在国际的发展,近年来国外针灸临床试验研究发展迅速[2],为了了解这些国家在近年来开展的临床试验的样本量规模以及其中大样本量(500例以上)针灸临床试验研究的情况,我们对MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库1996—2012年(检索时间2013年4月)收录的外文文献进行了情报监测,对研究的现状与趋势进行了分析,总结如下。
1 样本量总体分布情况
本研究共纳入1 373篇文献,其中临床试验的样本量在100例以下的研究占大多数,为1 044项;500例以上的临床试验研究共48项,其中1 000例以上的临床试验研究为25项。
2 大样本针灸临床试验研究现状
本研究针对近年来国外48项大样本(大于500例)针灸临床试验进行研究总结,得出以下数据。
2.1 文献发表时间 自2002年开始,连续每年都有大样本临床试验研究的文献发表,其中2010年达到顶峰,当年共有13篇文献发表在医学杂志上。
表1 样本量总体分布情况
表2 文献发表时间
2.2 文献发表国家 德国发表的最多,为21篇;其次是美国8篇;澳大利亚4篇;丹麦、韩国、日本、瑞典各2篇;奥地利、荷兰、加拿大、挪威、西班牙、希腊、新加坡和英国各1篇。
2.3 文献发表机构 大部分研究机构只发表过一篇文献,但也出现了发文量超过1篇的机构。
表3 文献发表机构
2.4 研究类型概况
表4 研究类型概况
3 大样本临床试验研究的具体内容总结
3.1 德国 见表5。
3.2 美国 见表6。
3.3 澳大利亚 见表7。
3.4 其他国家 见表8。
表5 德国研究概况
表6 美国研究概况
表7 澳大利亚研究概况
表8 其他国家研究概况
4 分析
国外大样本针灸临床试验研究在近十五年来有总体增多的趋势,尤其是在2010年,出现了13个大样本研究成果。而从发表国家来看,德国和美国是开展大型针灸临床试验研究的重点国家,澳大利亚、日韩以及欧洲一些发达国家则紧随其后,此外,加拿大和新加坡也在近几年也开始了大型针灸临床试验的研究。
研究显示,2010年之前的临床试验研究多是针对疾病疗效开展的,而从2010年开始,则集中出现了不少关于流行病学调查研究,这表明,针灸在世界范围内开展的临床试验研究已经积累了相当数量的病例,可以开展大样本的流行病学方面的研究,另一方面,也显示出国外尤其是发达国家对于针灸疗法更深入的关注,比如在安全性、卫生经济学等方面。
对于疗效观察研究,涉及的病种多样,而试验的结果则绝大多数证明了针刺的有效性,这不但为针灸疗效评价提供越来越多的大样本研究证据,同时对于针灸在世界医学界的地位也起到了巩固作用,为今后在世界范围内的进一步推广起到了重要作用。我国的科研人员也应该对一些国家有效之外的试验结论加以重视,例如有个别试验认为疗效不确定或需要谨慎对待以及针刺与假针刺对照无差异等。
德国的研究值得关注,近年来出现了几项多中心超大样本的临床试验研究,其中既包括了有关头痛等疾病的临床疗效观察,还包括医生的信念、使用率、不良反应、卫生经济效益等方面的调查研究;此外还出现了关于辨证论治方面的大型研究,例如:他们认为偏头痛和紧张性头痛的中医辨证分型是不一样的[10]。这些研究充分反应出德国对于针灸疗法的深入研究的愿望。
总之,近十几年来国外机构在针灸临床试验方面投入的科研力度如此之大,不能不说明针灸在国外越来越受到重视,这对于今后针灸疗效逐步被国际社会认可起到了十分重要的作用,同时也为国际间的科研交流与合作提供了更多的机会。今后需要加大对国外大样本量针灸临床试验研究的监测力度,发现针灸在国外的新动态,为我国的对外合作提供决策支持,并为科研人员提供有价值的科研情报服务。
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