心脏X综合征患者血清PTX3质量浓度变化研究
2014-10-24刘荣欣等
刘荣欣等
摘 要 目的 探讨血清PTX3在心脏 X综合征 (CSX)发病机制中的作用.方法 选择心内科收入院的心脏X综合征患者患者30例,非心脏X综合征患者30例,另选健康体检者20例作为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测血清PTX3质量浓度,全自动生化分析仪检测血清hsCRP.结果 CSX组、NCSX组患者BMI、血清TG、TC、LDLC明显高于对照组,HDLC质量浓度明显低于对照组,CSX组和NCSX组患者血脂项目、尿素、肌酐与对照组无统计学意义;CSX组、NCSX组患者血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度显著高于对照组;CSX组患者血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度高于NCSX组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).相关分析显示血清PTX3与TC、TG及LDLc、hsCRP呈明显正相关(r=0.478,P=0.023 vs r=0.732, P=0.000 vs r=0.608,P=0.001 vs r=0.839,P=0.000),与HDLc呈明显负相关(r=-0.472, P=0.000);血清hsCRP质量浓度与TC、TG及LDLc呈明显正相关(r=0.486, P=0.000 vs r=0.748, P=0.000 vs r=0.578, P=0.000);与HDLc呈明显负相关(r=-0.505, P=0.000).结论血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度变化反映了CSX的发生与发展.
关键词 心脏X综合征; PTX3; 超敏C反应蛋白
中图分类号 R5414文献标识码 A文章编号 10002537(2014)03002404
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2011年10月~2012年4月间本院心脏诊疗中心住院和门诊心脏X综合征患者(CSX)30例,发病和诊断的平均时间为2±2.5年,诊断标准[2]:典型的运动后胸痛,运动负荷试验阳性(如心绞痛可复制性、ST段压低≥0.1 mV等),冠脉造影正常.非心脏X综合征(NCSX组)患者30例,与CSX组的年龄及性别、危险因素相似,但无典型心绞痛,运动试验阴性,冠脉造影正常,且无血管痉挛的征象.选择同期健康体检者20例为对照组.对照组的患者经体检无冠心病危险因素,心电图和超声心动图正常.3组试验者年龄及性别均无差异.排除标准:急性冠脉综合症或陈旧性心肌梗塞;任何类型心肌病;充血性心力衰竭;瓣膜心脏疾病和任何类型肝、肾和感染性疾病;白细胞数量升高的患者和hsCRP升高(>20 mg/L)的患者.
1.2 冠脉造影及心脏超声检查
3组人群在1周内进行平板运动负荷试验,CSX、NCSX组患者均进行心脏超声及冠脉造影检查,对照组人群只进行心脏超声检查.
1.3 标本留取与检测
隔夜空腹12 h采集试验者静脉血于真空采血管中,离心取上清,-80 ℃贮存,室温融解,集中检测.血清PTX3检测使用酶联免疫吸附分析(enzymelinked immunsorbent assay, ELISA)方法,试剂购自美国R&D公司,奥地利TECAN Sunrise型酶标仪检测.血清hsCRP和一般常规生化指标使用Beckman Coulter DXC800全自动生化分析仪检测,试剂购自河北博世林生物科技有限公司.每个样本平行检测2次,求均值进行比较.
1.4 统计学方法
用SPSS 17.0 for Windows统计学软件处理数据.计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,3组均数比较采用方差分析(ANOVA)和LSD检验.采用pearson法进行相关性分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.
2 结果
2.1 各组一般临床资料比较
CSX组和NCSX组患者BMI、血清TG、TC、HDLC及LDLC与对照组比较有明显统计学意义(P<005),但是CSX组和NCSX组患者性别、年龄、血脂、BMI、高血压及肾功能均无统计学差异.详见表1.
2.2 3组试验者血清PTX3和CRP质量浓度的比较
CSX组、NCSX组患者血清PTX3和CRP质量浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01),CSX组患者血清PTX3和CRP质量浓度显著高于NCSX组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),详见表2.
3 讨论
内皮细胞功能缺乏和冠脉微循环受损是CSX患者发病的主要机理[3].冠脉微循环受损与内皮细胞功能障碍密切相关,内皮细胞功能障碍与感染因素有关.Jekell等[4]研究发现感染标志物细胞因子hsCRP、IL6和白细胞等与动脉血管壁粥样硬化的程度有关.Vane 等[5]指出感染细胞因子和生长因子可以在血管壁产生感染和增生性应答,同时反过来引起微血管损伤.多篇文献报道[68],hsCRP均涉及到心绞痛、高血压和内皮血管反应性的严重损伤.
PTX3是由骨髓源性树突细胞(DCs)、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、脂肪细胞、成纤维细胞、单核巨噬细胞、滑膜细胞、软骨细胞、肾上皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞生成的,由2个内含子和3个外显子组成,3个外显子分别编码前导肽、氨基酸末端和PTX[9] .成熟的分泌性PTX3相对分子质量为40 165,氨基末端由178个氨基酸组成,羧基末端PTX结构域包含203个氨基酸.长链PTX3的羧基末端与经典的短PTX在氨基酸组成上有17%完全相同,另有57%高度保守.研究表明[10],PTX3是在功能与结构上均相似于CRP的急性时相反应蛋白,感染刺激后分泌增加,能够反映组织的局部感染状态,但其外周血浓度可以在很多情况下升高,如急性心肌损伤、不稳定性心绞痛和心力衰竭、系统性感染或脓毒症、银屑病和脉管炎等.急性冠脉综合症患者血浆PTX3达到峰值的时间为胸痛后6 h,早于血液CRP达到峰值水平的48 h,是一个更加敏感的感染标志物[11].血清PTX3质量浓度升高常提示急性冠脉综合症和稳定性冠脉疾病患者的预后不良[12].亦有研究[13]发现PTX3是一种感染应答的内源性调节因子,作为机体保护机制的一部分,通过抑制纤维母细胞生长因子2或其他应答平滑肌扩增的生长因子而诱导血管修复.但是PTX3对血管以及CSX的作用需进一步研究.
本研究结果显示,CSX组和NCSX组患者血清TG、TC、LDLc及HDLc浓度均与对照组存在显著差异,血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度显著高于对照组,CSX组血清PTX3和hsCRP质量浓度明显高于NCSX组,且血清PTX3和hsCRP均与血脂各项指标存在明显的相关性,提示PTX3和血脂代谢从不同的方面反映了CSX的病理生理学变化,也就是脂质代谢紊乱及炎症因子的激活,两者相互作用,导致动脉粥样硬化[14],使内皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落,共同引起冠状动脉微血管内皮细胞功能障碍及舒缩功能异常[1516],而血管内皮功能障碍是CSX重要的发病机制之一.由此可知,PTX3作为炎症介质与CSX的发生发展密切相关.
综上所述,血清PTX3质量浓度变化反映了CSX的发生发展,且与已知的感染标志物hsCRP呈明显正相关,可以作为CSX发病机制的一种新的标志物.
参考文献:
[1] RECIOMAVORAL A, RIMOLDI O E, CAMICI P G, et al. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome x patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013,6(6):660667.
[2] BAIREY MERZ C N, PEPINE C J. Syndrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Circulation, 2011,124(13):14771480.
[3] JONES E, ETEIBA W, MERZ N B. Cardiac sysdrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2012,22(6): 161168.
[4] JEKELL A, MALMGVIST K, WALLEN N H, et al. Marker of inflammation, endothelial activation and arterial stiffness in hypertensive heart disease, and the effects of treatment: Results from the SILVHIA study[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2013,62(3):289304.
[5] VANE J R, ANGGARD E E, BOTTING R M, et al. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990,323(1):2736.
[6] NAVA M, TSUKAMOTO T, MORITA K, et al. Plasma interleukin6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha can predict coronary endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients[J]. Hypertens Res, 2007,30(6):541548.
[7] DI SERAFINO L, PYXARAS S A, MANGIACAPRA F, et al. Influence of transradial versus transfemoral diagnostic heart catheterization on peripheral vascular endothelial function[J]. Eurointervention, 2013,8(11):12521258.
[8] UMEMURA T, KAWAMURA T, UMEGAKI H, et al. Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral smallvessel disease and cognitive impairment: a 6year longitudinal study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2011,82(11):11861194.
[9] YAMAN H, CAKIR E, AKGUL E O, et al. Pentraxin 3 as a potential biomarker of acetaminopheninduced liver injury[J]. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2013,65(12):147151.
[10] CIESLIK P, HRYCEK A. Long pentraxin 3(PTX3) in the light of its structure, mechanism of action and clinical implications[J]. Autoimmunity, 2012,45(2):119128.
[11] KOTOOKA N, INOUE T, AOKI S, et al. Prognostic value of pentraxin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Intern J Cardio, 2008,130(1):1922.
[12] USTUNDAQ M, ORAK M, GULOGLU C, et al. Comparative diagnostic accuracy of serum levels of neutrophil activating peptide2 and pentraxin3 versus troponinI in acute coronary syndrome[J]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg, 2011,11(7):588594.
[13] KUNES P, HOLUBCOVA Z, KOLACKOVA M, et al. Pentraxin 3(PTX 3): An endogenous modulator of the inflammatory response[J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2012,2012:110.
[14] 张 利,刘启明,周胜华,等.正五聚蛋白3及血脂水平与急性冠脉综合征患者近期预后的关系[J].临床心血管病杂志, 2011,27(3): 193193.
[15] 赵 洋,张金国. 心脏X 综合征与血管内皮功能的相关性研究进展[J].医学综述, 2013,19(1):132133.
[16] 王丽丽,郑向荣,张文文,等. 穿透素3(PTX3)的研究现况[J].山东医药, 2011,51(35):115116.
(编辑 王 健)
本研究结果显示,CSX组和NCSX组患者血清TG、TC、LDLc及HDLc浓度均与对照组存在显著差异,血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度显著高于对照组,CSX组血清PTX3和hsCRP质量浓度明显高于NCSX组,且血清PTX3和hsCRP均与血脂各项指标存在明显的相关性,提示PTX3和血脂代谢从不同的方面反映了CSX的病理生理学变化,也就是脂质代谢紊乱及炎症因子的激活,两者相互作用,导致动脉粥样硬化[14],使内皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落,共同引起冠状动脉微血管内皮细胞功能障碍及舒缩功能异常[1516],而血管内皮功能障碍是CSX重要的发病机制之一.由此可知,PTX3作为炎症介质与CSX的发生发展密切相关.
综上所述,血清PTX3质量浓度变化反映了CSX的发生发展,且与已知的感染标志物hsCRP呈明显正相关,可以作为CSX发病机制的一种新的标志物.
参考文献:
[1] RECIOMAVORAL A, RIMOLDI O E, CAMICI P G, et al. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome x patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013,6(6):660667.
[2] BAIREY MERZ C N, PEPINE C J. Syndrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Circulation, 2011,124(13):14771480.
[3] JONES E, ETEIBA W, MERZ N B. Cardiac sysdrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2012,22(6): 161168.
[4] JEKELL A, MALMGVIST K, WALLEN N H, et al. Marker of inflammation, endothelial activation and arterial stiffness in hypertensive heart disease, and the effects of treatment: Results from the SILVHIA study[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2013,62(3):289304.
[5] VANE J R, ANGGARD E E, BOTTING R M, et al. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990,323(1):2736.
[6] NAVA M, TSUKAMOTO T, MORITA K, et al. Plasma interleukin6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha can predict coronary endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients[J]. Hypertens Res, 2007,30(6):541548.
[7] DI SERAFINO L, PYXARAS S A, MANGIACAPRA F, et al. Influence of transradial versus transfemoral diagnostic heart catheterization on peripheral vascular endothelial function[J]. Eurointervention, 2013,8(11):12521258.
[8] UMEMURA T, KAWAMURA T, UMEGAKI H, et al. Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral smallvessel disease and cognitive impairment: a 6year longitudinal study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2011,82(11):11861194.
[9] YAMAN H, CAKIR E, AKGUL E O, et al. Pentraxin 3 as a potential biomarker of acetaminopheninduced liver injury[J]. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2013,65(12):147151.
[10] CIESLIK P, HRYCEK A. Long pentraxin 3(PTX3) in the light of its structure, mechanism of action and clinical implications[J]. Autoimmunity, 2012,45(2):119128.
[11] KOTOOKA N, INOUE T, AOKI S, et al. Prognostic value of pentraxin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Intern J Cardio, 2008,130(1):1922.
[12] USTUNDAQ M, ORAK M, GULOGLU C, et al. Comparative diagnostic accuracy of serum levels of neutrophil activating peptide2 and pentraxin3 versus troponinI in acute coronary syndrome[J]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg, 2011,11(7):588594.
[13] KUNES P, HOLUBCOVA Z, KOLACKOVA M, et al. Pentraxin 3(PTX 3): An endogenous modulator of the inflammatory response[J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2012,2012:110.
[14] 张 利,刘启明,周胜华,等.正五聚蛋白3及血脂水平与急性冠脉综合征患者近期预后的关系[J].临床心血管病杂志, 2011,27(3): 193193.
[15] 赵 洋,张金国. 心脏X 综合征与血管内皮功能的相关性研究进展[J].医学综述, 2013,19(1):132133.
[16] 王丽丽,郑向荣,张文文,等. 穿透素3(PTX3)的研究现况[J].山东医药, 2011,51(35):115116.
(编辑 王 健)
本研究结果显示,CSX组和NCSX组患者血清TG、TC、LDLc及HDLc浓度均与对照组存在显著差异,血清PTX3、hsCRP质量浓度显著高于对照组,CSX组血清PTX3和hsCRP质量浓度明显高于NCSX组,且血清PTX3和hsCRP均与血脂各项指标存在明显的相关性,提示PTX3和血脂代谢从不同的方面反映了CSX的病理生理学变化,也就是脂质代谢紊乱及炎症因子的激活,两者相互作用,导致动脉粥样硬化[14],使内皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落,共同引起冠状动脉微血管内皮细胞功能障碍及舒缩功能异常[1516],而血管内皮功能障碍是CSX重要的发病机制之一.由此可知,PTX3作为炎症介质与CSX的发生发展密切相关.
综上所述,血清PTX3质量浓度变化反映了CSX的发生发展,且与已知的感染标志物hsCRP呈明显正相关,可以作为CSX发病机制的一种新的标志物.
参考文献:
[1] RECIOMAVORAL A, RIMOLDI O E, CAMICI P G, et al. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome x patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2013,6(6):660667.
[2] BAIREY MERZ C N, PEPINE C J. Syndrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Circulation, 2011,124(13):14771480.
[3] JONES E, ETEIBA W, MERZ N B. Cardiac sysdrome X and microvascular coronary dysfunction[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med, 2012,22(6): 161168.
[4] JEKELL A, MALMGVIST K, WALLEN N H, et al. Marker of inflammation, endothelial activation and arterial stiffness in hypertensive heart disease, and the effects of treatment: Results from the SILVHIA study[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2013,62(3):289304.
[5] VANE J R, ANGGARD E E, BOTTING R M, et al. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990,323(1):2736.
[6] NAVA M, TSUKAMOTO T, MORITA K, et al. Plasma interleukin6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha can predict coronary endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients[J]. Hypertens Res, 2007,30(6):541548.
[7] DI SERAFINO L, PYXARAS S A, MANGIACAPRA F, et al. Influence of transradial versus transfemoral diagnostic heart catheterization on peripheral vascular endothelial function[J]. Eurointervention, 2013,8(11):12521258.
[8] UMEMURA T, KAWAMURA T, UMEGAKI H, et al. Endothelial and inflammatory markers in relation to progression of ischaemic cerebral smallvessel disease and cognitive impairment: a 6year longitudinal study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2011,82(11):11861194.
[9] YAMAN H, CAKIR E, AKGUL E O, et al. Pentraxin 3 as a potential biomarker of acetaminopheninduced liver injury[J]. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2013,65(12):147151.
[10] CIESLIK P, HRYCEK A. Long pentraxin 3(PTX3) in the light of its structure, mechanism of action and clinical implications[J]. Autoimmunity, 2012,45(2):119128.
[11] KOTOOKA N, INOUE T, AOKI S, et al. Prognostic value of pentraxin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Intern J Cardio, 2008,130(1):1922.
[12] USTUNDAQ M, ORAK M, GULOGLU C, et al. Comparative diagnostic accuracy of serum levels of neutrophil activating peptide2 and pentraxin3 versus troponinI in acute coronary syndrome[J]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg, 2011,11(7):588594.
[13] KUNES P, HOLUBCOVA Z, KOLACKOVA M, et al. Pentraxin 3(PTX 3): An endogenous modulator of the inflammatory response[J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2012,2012:110.
[14] 张 利,刘启明,周胜华,等.正五聚蛋白3及血脂水平与急性冠脉综合征患者近期预后的关系[J].临床心血管病杂志, 2011,27(3): 193193.
[15] 赵 洋,张金国. 心脏X 综合征与血管内皮功能的相关性研究进展[J].医学综述, 2013,19(1):132133.
[16] 王丽丽,郑向荣,张文文,等. 穿透素3(PTX3)的研究现况[J].山东医药, 2011,51(35):115116.
(编辑 王 健)