With 的复合结构及其转换

孙文经

人教版Module5 Unit1Great scientists Using Language 中有这样一个句子：

He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。

句中with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth为with 复合结构，作方式状语。由with构成的复合结构既能作状语，表示方式、原因、时间、伴随情况等，又能作后置定语。下面就with 的复合结构作一概述。

一、with复合结构的构成

With复合结构由“with+名词/代词+形容词（副词、介词短语、非谓语动词）”构成。如：

1. With her eyes green， Mary stared at the book held in Beths hands.玛丽满心嫉妒地盯着贝斯手中的书。（with+代词+形容词）

2. With both hands up， the student was eager to answer this question.这名学生急于回答这个问题，两只手全都举起来了。（with+名词+副词）

3. The teacher looked at me with tears in her eyes.老师看着我，眼里含着泪。（with+名词+介词短语）

4. She walked back to the bus stop， with him following her.她走回汽车站，他跟在她后面。（with+代词+doing）

5. With him taken good care of， we felt quite relieved.他被照顾得很好，我们都感到很欣慰。（with+代词+done）

6. I have to work really hard this weekend， with too many exams to worry about.我为这么多考试而担忧，这个周末我真的要好好学习了。（with+名词+to do）

二、with复合结构的语法功能

1. 作定语。

The lady bought the cap with red roses on its edge.女士买了边缘有红玫瑰的那顶帽子。

I saw deep pools with the water blue like the sky.我看见深深的池塘，里面的水蓝蓝的像天空。

The young man， with a thick dictionary in his hand， was standing in the teachers office.那位年轻人，手里拿着一本厚厚的字典，站在老师办公室里。

2. 作状语。

With a history dating back to 1894， the company has become “the elder brother” in this area.始创于1894年，这家公司已成为本地的“老大哥”。（表原因）

Id like to pay a visit to a friend of mine with time permitting.如果时间允许的话，我想去拜访我的一位朋友。（表条件）

With Dick to take his place， he will be able to go abroad.迪克即将接替他的工作，他可以出国了。（表示原因）

With homework done， we went on to play on the playground.作业做好后，我们接下来到操场玩耍。（表示时间）

With on one in sight， she felt very helpless.一个人也看不见，她感到非常无助。（表示原因）

注：在with复合结构中，不定式一般表示将来要发生的事情，现在分词一般表示与主句的谓语同时发生，是主动关系，而过去分词则一般表示先于主句谓语动作的发生，是被动关系。此外，with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语也大都表示与主句谓语同时发生。

三、with复合结构的转换

在英语中，由with构成的复合结构大都可以转换成状语从句、定语从句或并列句。

1. 定语从句。

The young woman， with a baby sleeping in her arms， was wandering in the street.

= The young woman， who held a sleeping baby in her arms， was wandering in the street.

2. 状语从句。

I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.

= I couldnt do my homework because all that noise was going on.

Dont speak with your mouth full.endprint

= Dont speak when your mouth is full.

3. 并列句。

All the afternoon he worked hard with the door locked.

= All the afternoon he worked hard and the door was locked.

With the weather so close and stuffy， ten to one it will rain.

= The weather is so close and stuffy and ten to one it will rain.

灵活运用

一、完成句子 用with的复合结构完成下列句子。

1. 竞赛结束了，我们都回家了。

______________________________________ ， we all went home.

2. 灯全亮时，大楼显得更美丽。

The building looks even more beautiful

_____________________________________________________________________ .

3. 他高昂着头面对死亡。

He faced death_________________________________________ .

4. 许多人在教室前大声说话，没有人阻止他们。

Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom，

_____________________________________________________________________.

5. 有党的领导，我们一定能取得胜利。

Well certainly win even greater victories，

_____________________________________________________________________.

6. 天气这么潮湿寒冷，十之八九快要下雪了。

_______________________________________________________________ ，one to ten it will snow soon.

7. 讨论进行了二个小时，解决了许多问题。

The discussion lasted for two hours

_____________________________________________________________________.

8. 他没关灯就睡着了。

He fell asleep_____________________________________________________________________ .

9. 有这么多工作要做，我们不得不熬夜了

_____________________________________________________________________， we had to sit up through the night.

10. 他过去常常开着窗睡。

He used to sleep________________________________________________________________ .

二、句式转换 完成后句使其与前句意思相同或相近。

1. He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.

He felt more uneasy

.

2. The place was surrounded by clumps of trees， with a clear stream running alongside.

The place was surrounded by clumps of trees a clear stream ran alongside.

3. If everything is taken into consideration， the plan Tom put forward seems to be more workable.

，the plan Tom put forward seems to be more workable.

4. He lay on his back and his hands were crossed under his head.

He lay on his back，

.

5. Tom， whose nose was red with cold， entered the room.

Tom，

， entered the room.

参考答案

一、完成句子

1. With the competition over

2. with all lights on

3. with his head high

4. with nobody stopping them

5. with the Party to lead us

6. With the weather so wet and cold

7. with lots of problems solved

8. with the light burning/on

9. With so much work to do

10. with the window open

二、句式转换

1. when the whole class was staring at him

2. and

3. With everything taken into consideration

4. with his hands crossed under his head

5. with his nose red with cold

（作者单位：广州市南武中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint