一网打尽“情感”词
2014-10-10邱彩花
邱彩花
在英语中,有很多表示“情感、态度、心理变化”等情感的单词,充分表现了人的“喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、憎、悲”各种感受,这些词虽然在用法上比较接近,如情感动词后面一般可以直接加“某人”作宾语,意思是“使某人……”,但在形式上却大有不同。笔者现将高中英语常用的“情感”词的各种形式总结,以供考生复习参考。
一、可以在动词后加-ing或-ed形式作形容词的情感动词
加-ing构成的形容词一般修饰事物,表示“使人……的”,加-ed构成的形容词一般修饰人(多数是规则动词),表示“人感到……的”。
1. 表示“惊讶、不安、害怕、担忧”的动词。
alarm→alarming→alarmed(使惊恐→使人惊恐的→感到惊恐的)
amaze→amazing→amazed
astonish→astonishing→astonished
surprise→surprising→surprised
shock→shocking→shocked
startle→startling→startled
disturb→disturbing→disturbed
stun→stunning→stunned
frighten→frightening→frightened
horrify→horrifying→horrified
terrify→terrifying→terrified
worry→worrying→worried
threaten→threatening→threatened
upset→upsetting→upset(与原形一样)
2. 表示“逗笑、高兴、满意、兴奋、受激励、感动”的动词。
amuse→amusing→amused(使愉快→有趣的→愉快的)
entertain→entertaining→entertained
fascinate→fascinating→fascinated
inspire→inspiring→inspired
encourage→encouraging→encouraged
excite→exciting→excited
please→pleasing→pleased
relax→relaxing→relaxed
satisfy→satisfying→satisfied
thrill→thrilling→thrilled
move→moving→moved
touch→touching→touched
interest→interesting→interested
convince→convincing→convinced
3. 表示“困惑、沮丧、苦恼、失望、生气、无聊、疲劳”的动词。
confuse→confusing→confused(使困惑→令人困惑的→困惑的)
puzzle→puzzling→puzzled
annoy→annoying→annoyed
depress→depressing→depressed
distress→distressing→distressed
frustrate→frustrating→frustrated
discourage→discouraging→discouraged
depress→depressing→depressed
disappoint→disappointing→disappointed
disgust→disgusting→disgusted
irritate→irritating→irritated
bore→boring→bored
tire→tiring→tired
exhaust→exhausting→exhausted
二、加-ful/ -able/-y/-some等后缀构成形容词的情感名词或动词
delight→delightful (令人愉快的)
regret→regretful(令人惋惜的)
dread→dreadful(令人不快的)
joy→joyful(令人愉快的)
stress→stressful(令人感到压力重的)
hope→hopeful(满怀希望的)
doubt→doubtful(怀疑的)
fear→fearful(担心的)
mourn→mournful(忧伤的)
cheer→cheerful(兴高采烈的)
hate→hateful (可恶的)
enjoy→enjoyable (使人快乐的)
admire→admirable (令人羡慕的)
desire→desirable(合意的)
awe→awesome(令人惊叹的)
fear→fearsome(很可怕的)
bother→bothersome (困扰人的)
desire→desirous(渴望的)
anger→angry (生气的)endprint
scare→scary(吓人的,恐怖的)
hesitate→hesitant(踌躇的)
please→pleasant(令人愉快的)
tolerate→tolerant(宽容的
sympathize→sympathetic(表示同情的)
三、动词与名词同形的情感词
larm v.& n.(使惊恐;恐慌)
awe v.& n.(使敬畏;敬畏)
bother v.& n. (使烦恼;麻烦)
delight v.& n.(使愉快;愉快)
despair v.& n. (绝望)
desire v.& n.(渴望;欲望、愿望)
dislike v.& n.(厌恶;不喜欢)
disgust v.& n. (使厌恶;厌恶)
distress v.& n.(使悲伤;悲伤)
doubt v.& n.(怀疑;疑惑)
fear v.& n.(畏惧;担忧)
hate v.& n.(厌恶;憎恨)
interest v.& n.(使感兴趣;兴趣)
love v.& n.(热爱;喜爱,爱情)
regret v.& n.(感到遗憾;懊悔)
scare v.& n.(使害怕;恐惧)
surprise v.& n.(使惊奇;惊奇)
shock v.& n.(使震惊;震惊)
thrill v.& n.(使非常兴奋;兴奋)
sorrow v.& n. (感到悲伤;悲痛)
upset v.& n.(使心烦意乱,烦闷、苦恼)
worry v.& n.(担心、发愁,担心、忧虑)
四、加-ment/-tion/-ance等后缀构成情感名词的动词。
amuse→amusement
astonish→astonishment amaze →amazement
excite→excitement
encourage→encouragement disappoint→disappointment
enjoy→enjoyment
puzzle→puzzlement discourage→discouragement
admire→admiration
confuse→confusion fascinate →fascination
inspire→inspiration
motivate→motivation satisfy→satisfaction
relax→relaxation
annoy→annoyance disturb→disturbance
tolerate→tolerance
grieve→grief relieve→relief
hate→hatred/hate
bore→boredom mourn→mourning
terrify→terror tire→tiredness
please→pleasure
五、只有形容词(副词)和名词形式的情感词
anxious(焦虑的、担心的、渴望的)
→anxiously (焦虑地)→anxiety(焦虑、忧虑)
desperate(绝望的、渴望的)
→desperately (极其地、绝望地)→desperation(绝望)
eager(渴望的、热切的)
→eagerly (热切地)→eagerness (渴望)
fond (喜爱、喜欢的)→fondness (喜爱)
grateful(感激的、表示感谢的)
→gratefully (感激地)→gratitude (感激之情、感谢)
happy(高兴的、开心的)
→happily (高兴地)→happiness (幸福、快乐)
jealous(羡慕的、忌妒的)
→jealously (忌妒地)→jealousy(忌妒、羡慕)
merry(愉快的、高兴的)
→merrily (愉快地)→merriment (欢乐)
merciful(仁慈的、慈悲的)
→mercifully (仁慈地)→mercy(仁慈、宽恕)
sad(悲哀的、难过的)
→sadly (悲伤地)→sadness (悲伤、难过)
sorrowful(悲伤的、悲痛的)
→sorrowfully (悲伤地)→sorrow (悲伤、悲痛)
六、少数由“情感”名词或形容词加后缀得来的动词。
fright (n.)→frighten
threat (n.)→threaten
sad (adj.)→sadden
七、少数以-ing/-ed结尾的“情感”形容词后面还可以加后缀-ly构成副词。
amazing→amazingly令人惊奇的是
surprising→surprisingly想不到的是
discouraging→discouragingly令人泄气地
shocking→shockingly惊人地
contented→contentedly心满意足地
delighted→delightedly 满意地
(作者单位:河源市东源县东源中学)
责任编校 蒋小青endprint