易出错的主谓结构

唐新秋

些汉语句子用动宾结构表达，英语却只能用主谓结构表达，因为表达这些意义的英语动词和动词词组是不及物动词。常见的这类动词和动词词组有happen，occur，exist，appear，take place，come about，break out，come true等。如：

例1 昨天我们班发生了一场争吵。

误：Our class happened a quarrel yesterday.

正：A quarrel happened in our class yesterday.

例2 李华家发生了没有预料的事。

误：Li Huas family occurred something unexpected.

正：Something unexpected occurred in Li Huas family.

例3 昨晚北方出现了一架飞机。

误：The north appeared a plane yesterday evening.

正：A plane appeared in the north yesterday evening.

例4 目前的环境保护存在许多问题。

误：Present environmental protection exists many problems.

正：Many problems exist in present environmental protection.

上面四个误例是典型的中式英语，即用汉语语序表达英语词汇。英语中的happen， occur，exist和appear是不及物动词，只能用主谓结构。不过，英语中表达“存在”可用倒装，也可用there be 结构来代替。如：

There exist/are many problems in present environmental protection.

例5 昨晚爆发了一起打斗。

误：Last night broke out a fight.

正：Last night a fight broke out.

例6 自从1978年以来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

误：My hometown have taken place great changes since 1978.

正：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1978.

这个句子也可用另外两种方式表达：

There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.

My hometown has changed a lot since 1978.

例7 去年我们去上海时发生了那个问题。

误：Came about that problem when we went to Shanghai last year.

正：That problem came about when we went to Shanghai last year.

例8 努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。

误：Work hard and you will come true your dream.

正：If you work hard，your dream will come true.

这个句子也可用及物动词realize来表达，那就是动宾结构。如：

Work hard and you will realize your dream.

只要同学们记住这些动词的用法，并经常用这些词汇造句，就可避免这些“中式英语”错误，让自己的表达更加准确、地道。

（作者单位：湖南醴陵市二中）

（责任编校/彭益）