插入语对句子结构的分隔
2014-09-17陈鸿
陈鸿
插入语是指插在句子中的一个词、短语或一个句子,但不是句子主要结构的一部分。插入语的位置可以移动,但一般不改变句子的意思。但是,插入语的两边大都用逗号隔开。插入语虽然不是句子的主要结构,但对句意的表达有一定的影响。
插入语的特点之一就是对句子结构进行分隔,形成所谓的割裂特点,了解这一现象,有助于我们在阅读中理解长句,预知难点。本文对插入语对句子的分隔列举如下。
1. 主谓结构的分隔
Skill, it is true, wins over noble birth. 出身显贵,实不如一技在身。
The first step, it seems, is all the difficulty. 似乎万事开头难。
2. 动宾结构的分隔
She wrote, to the exact, ten novels in her lifetime. 准确地说,她一生写了10部小说。
She refused, and with reason, their demand. 她拒绝了他们的要求,而且很有理。
3. 平行结构的分隔
He grinned, strangely pleased, and walked on. 他咧嘴笑了起来,心里莫名其妙地感到惬意,又继续往前走去。
She didnt support him, and, what was worse, laughed at him. 她没有支持他,更恶劣的是她嘲笑他。
4. 谓语的分隔
This knowledge should, in principle, be integrated into the trainees own reflective cycle in order that effective learning may take place. 这种知识原则上受训者应该自己整合,才会提高学习效率。
Interpreting such a problem through the prism of past experience will, by definition, lead the thinker astray. 用过去经验的棱镜来解释这样的问题,从这个定义上讲,会把人们的思想引入歧途。
5. 定语与被修饰语的分隔
It is a proper, if not the best, way to settle the problem. 这是解决这一问题的合适方法,如果不是最好的话。
Invention, for example, of a completely new recording medium may grow fast, because all of us become addicted to recorded music. 例如,一种全新录音手段的发明可能发展很快,因为我们都嗜好录制的音乐。
6. 宾语的分隔
He gave me at least two apples. 他给了我至少两个苹果。
We might tell a medium friend, for example, that yesterday we had a fight with our husband. 比如说,我们可以告诉一个普通朋友昨天与丈夫吵架的事。
7. 同位语的分隔
She works all day, that is to say, from eight to five. 她整天在工作,也就是说,从上午八点到下午五点。
A Christmas gift, or rather a book American history, will be given to you. 你将会得到一件圣诞礼物,更确切地说,是一本关于美国历史的书。
8. 词组的分隔
Why different courses tend to stress types of content and not others depends very much, of course, on the objectives of the course. 当然,不同的课程强调不同内容的原因,主要取决于课程目标。
9. 先行词与关系词的分隔
There are some people, I am sure, who will say that the water is too cold. 我相信,有些人会说水太凉了。
10. 特殊疑问句中的分隔
插入语以一般疑问句的形式,置于特殊疑问词之后。例如:
How long did she say she would stay here? 她说要在这里待多久?
Where did they suggest we should go during the summer holidays? 他们建议我们暑期到哪儿?
11. 状语从句与主句之间的分隔
As we probe further, of course,the answer becomes more difficult and more complex. 当然,当我们进一步研究时,问题的难度变得更大而且更复杂了。
(作者单位:佛山市南海区黄岐高级中学)
责任编校 蒋小青endprint