影视教学法与中职英语教学
2014-08-26李淑瑜
李淑瑜
引言
中职学校以学生就业为目标导向,为了让学生毕业后顺利找到工作,中职学校设置的课程应更多地考虑其实用性,让学生学到就业所需要的知识。英语专业的学生若是选择专业对口的职业,比如英语导游、英语教师、外贸业务员、口笔译员、涉外文秘、相关公务员等,不论是面试还是工作,都需要使用英语口语。即使是选择与专业相关不大的工作环境,比如商场、酒店、旅行社等,必要时也需要使用一些简单的英语口语。可见,随着中国经济的快速发展,旅游业的不断健全和完善,中西方国家的交流越来越密切,口语对于一个英语专业的中职生来说是非常重要的。
口语的教学方法有很多,影视教学法是其中的一种。影视教学法是指使用影视资料开展教学活动的一种教学方法。这里的影视资料主要指英美电影和电视剧。这种方法既激发学生的学习兴趣,寓学于乐,又能让学生打好英语基础,提高口语能力和英语综合能力,还有相当的实用价值。
二、影视教学法的方法探讨
1. 影视教学法与语音语调的学习
口语包括语音语调和口头表达。课堂上,教师可以通过引导学生注意电影和电视剧里的人物旁白对白纠正语音语调。平时若是不看音标,学生喜欢根据一般的发音规则读单词。通常情况下,辅音字母的读音变化较小:辅音字母的音标跟其字母相同或由固定的字母表示或搭配,比如p/p/、b/b/、k/k/、c/k/、th/θ/、ph/f/等; s在清辅音前,清辅音要浊化,比如western/'west?n/、schedule/'skedul/等;元音字母的读音变化较大:a的发音可以是/ei//a://///,比如cafeteria中a发//,而around中a发//;一些拼起来的读音由固定的字母搭配,比如tion//、sion//、ter//、ly/li/等。但并不是所有的单词都按照发音规则发音的,比如singer很多学生读/singer/,Coco Chanel这部电影其中一句对白是“-what do you do? –actually Im a singer. –oh, youre a singer.”如果注意听,singer的发音应该是//.
2. 影视教学法与英语口头表达的学习
提高英语口头表达就要不断地积累短语和固定搭配,掌握语法规则,反复地练习。电影或电视剧里的对白有大量的短语和固定搭配,初学者或低年级的学生可以通过学习英文字幕积累,英语基础较好的学生可以通过听对白积累。除了积累大量短语和固定搭配外,还要有一定的英语语法基础才能脱口而出。因为我们说的话是由短语、一个句子或多个句子组成的,而英文句子又遵循着一定的语法规则。如果我们按照自己的思维习惯说一口Chinglish,交流时对方会听得一头雾水,不知所云,甚至造成误会。比如一个学生期末口试时这么描述上街“I and mother up street”.
英美电影和电视剧的旁白对白多是英美国家的人们习惯的表达方式,可用于口语教学。课堂上,教师选择积极向上并且有中英文字幕的英美电影和电视剧在班上播放,播放的片段最好在5分钟内,按情节片段重复播放,让学生学习字幕,总结出句子的规律。例如Avatar的电影片段从23''到5'25''的字幕:
when i was lying there in the VA hospital, with a big hole blown through the middle of my life, i started having these dreams of flying. I was free. Sooner or later, though, you always have to wake up. They can fix a spinal, if you got the money, but not on vet benefits, not in this economy. A VA check and 12 bucks will get you a cup of coffee. I'm what they call waitlisted. The Bengal Tiger, extinct for over a century is making a comeback. This cloned tiger cubs at the Beijing Zoo are the latest of a number of species that have cloned back into existence in the past five years. I became a marine for the hardship. To be hammered on the anvil of life. I told myself i can pass any test a man can pass.
-"Jake!Jake!Jake!"
Let's get it straight, upfront. I don't want your pity. If you want a fair deal, you're on the wrong planet. The strong prey on the weak. That's just the way things are. And nobody does a damn thing.
-"Get off! Get off of him!"
All i ever wanted in my life was a single thing worth fighting for.
-"I hope you realized you just lost yourself a customer. If it ain't raining, we ain't training."endprint
-"It doesn't look like him."
-"It's him."
-"You Jake Sully?"
-"Step off. You are ruining my good mood."
-"It's about your brother.
-"We're looking for Sully. T."
-"In there"
-"Jesus, Tommy. "
The strong prey on the weak. A guy with a knife took all Tommy would ever be for the paper in his wallet. The concern of the suits was touching. -"Your brother represented a significant investment. We would like to talk to you about taking over his contract. And since your genome is identical to his, you could step into his shoes, so to speak."
-"It would be a fresh start on a new world. You could do something important. You can make a difference."
-"And the pay is good."
-"Very good."
Tommy was the scientist, not me. He was the one who wanted to get shot light-years out in space to find the answers. Me, i was just another dumb grunt getting sent someplace he was gonna regret.
电影的旁白对白出现了大量的短语blow through、sooner or later、clone back into existence、hammer on、anvil of life、get sth. straight、prey on、worth doing sth.、get off of sb.、lost oneself sth.、take over、identical to、step into one's shoes、so to speak、make a difference等;状语从句when i was lying there in the VA hospital, i started having this dream of flying、you can fix a spinal, if you got the money、if you want a fair deal, you are on the wrong planet等;主谓或主谓宾结构的简单句Sooner or later, though, you always have to wake up、I became a marine for the hardship、I don't want your pity等,还有定语从句、宾语从句等等。通过旁白对白掌握基本的语法规则,包括词性及其用法和各种句型,积累一定的单词量和短语,平时反复练习,学生就能摆脱哑巴英语,脱口而出了。
3. 影视教学法与英语听力的学习
口语和听力是紧密联系的。听力有助于口语的学习,就像小孩牙牙学语,都是从听大人说话开始的;听力有助于交流,听懂了别人说什么才知道自己该说什么。
对于基础比较弱的学生,老师在课堂上分析字幕,让学生掌握旁白对白的单词、短语和句子后,去掉字幕反复听,直到学生把所有的对白都能说出来或写出来为止。对于基础比较好的学生,也可以引导他们直接看不带字幕的电影和电视剧。
4. 影视教学法与英语思维能力的训练
英语思维能力指的是用英语去思考问题,具体地说,就是按照英美国家的人们的思维习惯去想问题。口语把这种能力用语言的形式表现出来。
一部电影或一部电视剧有许多悬念或疑问让人思考,课堂上,教师可以用英语提出跟剧情相关的问题或一些开放性问题,让学生小组讨论并用英语回答出来。电影AVANTA,放到5'25''的时候停下来问学生,“What happened to Jake's brother? Why do the two people want to find Jake? Who are the two people?”;也可以问一些开放性的问题,“Do you believe that there are aliens like Avanta from outer space? Are they friendly, or hostile to us?”训练学生用英语思考问题并展开讨论或辩论。
教师也可以要求学生把电影的内容用讲故事的形式讲出来或把某一个人说的话复述出来,意思大致相同就行了。电影AVANTA,放到5'25''时问学生,“what is the part mainly about?”训练学生用英语总结的思维能力或让学生复数“what did the two man say to Jake?”课堂上也可以设置情境表演,让学生投入到角色中。例如让学生表演电影AVANTA 37'40''到54'50''的片段。也可以将电影分成几个片段,例如电影Avanta片段一the one two strangers come to visit Jake,片段二the one Jake survives when he stays alone in the Avanta forest,片段三the first time Jake sees the Omaticaya and the people in Avanta,片段四the one Jake conquers Toruk Macto, 片段五the one Jake learns to fly,让一组学生选其中一个片段表演出来,其他学生猜是哪一个片段。表演时,老师鼓励即兴发挥。
5. 影视教学法与课堂活动的设置
著名教育家苏霍姆林斯基曾说:“让学生体会到一种自己亲身参与掌握知识的情感,乃是唤起少年特有的对知识的兴趣的重要条件。当一个人不仅在认识世界,而且在认识自我的时候,就能形成兴趣。没有这种自我肯定的体验,就不可能有对知识的真正兴趣。”为了让学生保持学习英语的兴趣,为了提高学生的英语综合能力,老师设置课堂活动时要注重学生的参与感,丰富课堂活动的形式和内容。例如小组讨论问题、辩论、讲故事、编后续、情境表演、影视配音等等。
6. 影视教学法与文化的习得
电视剧Ugly Betty讲的就是一个带着钢牙和黑框眼镜,看上去笨手笨脚的丑女孩,通过自己的聪明才智和坚持不懈的努力,最后赢得了别人的尊重和欣赏。电视剧Friends里6个主角的性格迥异,对话中的美式幽默无处不在。通过影视欣赏,学生可以直观地观察英美国家各阶层人们的日常生活情况,了解他们如何与朋友交谈,进行什么娱乐活动,有什么节日,如何庆祝节日,以及他们说话的方式、表情、手势等。同时,通过剖析各色人物及其思想,了解西方人的情感世界、道德观和生活观,认识英美国家人们的思维方式、生活方式、价值观念。
结束语
总而言之,在中职英语口语教学中,我们应充分发挥影视语言情景教学的优势,提高学生口语能力和英语综合水平,培养学生实际交际的能力。endprint