双通道视觉质量分析系统评估Toric人工晶状体植入术后的视觉质量△
2014-07-25肖显文张红田芳
肖显文 张红 田芳
双通道视觉质量分析系统评估Toric人工晶状体植入术后的视觉质量△
肖显文 张红 田芳
双通道视觉质量分析系统;Toric人工晶状体;白内障;散光
目的运用双通道视觉质量分析系统分析散光矫正型人工晶状体(Toric人工晶状体)植入术后的视觉质量。方法选择术前角膜散光≥1.00 D的44例52眼植入AcrySof Toric人工晶状体,根据植入晶状体的型号不同分组,其中T3组19眼,T4组18眼,T5组10眼,T6组5眼。术后3个月评估4组间的裸眼远视力、最佳矫正远视力、轴位旋转度和残余散光,并运用视觉质量分析系统测量4组间的调制传递函数截止频率、Strehl比值、客观散射指数和不同对比度(OV100%、OV20% 和OV9%)的调制传递函数值。结果术后3个月的裸眼远视力为(0.18±0.11)LogMAR;最佳矫正远视力为(0.07±0.08)LogMAR;轴位旋转为3.62°±1.76°;残余散光为(0.50±0.29)D;客观散射指数为1.800±0.840;调制传递函数截止频率为(22.862±5.584)c·d-1;Strehl比为0.155±0.038;OV100%、OV20% 和OV9%分别为0.760±0.180、0.770±0.190和0.780±0.210。T3、T4、T5和T6组的残余散光分别为(0.34±0.28)D、(0.47±0.24)D、(0.57±0.19)D和(0.90±0.29)D,4组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其余参数4组间相比差异均无统计学意义。结论双通道视觉质量分析系统可较全面、客观地评估散光矫正型人工晶状体植入术后的视觉质量,AcrySof Toric人工晶状体可以有效及安全地矫正白内障患者的角膜散光。
[眼科新进展,2014,34(4):345-349]
据调查,15%~29%的白内障患者存在≥1.50 D的角膜散光,其中3%~15%的患者存在≥2.00 D的角膜散光[1-2]。屈光手术的经验表明,0.75 D的散光即可引起患者视物模糊、重影、视疲劳、甚至头晕等不适症状。Wolffsohn等[3]研究表明,每1.00 D的角膜散光将使视力下降1.5行。因此,即使是低度数的角膜散光也会显著影响视力,从而降低精细工作的能力。
传统的角膜陡峭轴切口术[4]、角巩膜缘松解切开术[5]及激光屈光性角膜切削术[6-7]等因缺乏预测性、精确性及可引起其他眼部并发症,如加重干眼症状、延迟角膜伤口的愈合等,一定程度上限制了它们在临床上的应用。近年来的研究表明,白内障术中植入散光矫正型人工晶状体(Toric IOL)比普通人工晶状体联合角膜缘松解切口术能更有效矫正角膜散光[4-5,8]。1994年,Shimizu等[9]设计出第一代Toric IOL,但因旋转稳定性较差及大切口带来的散光而未能推广。一片式疏水性丙烯酸酯Toric IOL(AcrySof Toric SN60TT)因其具有可预测性、能提供良好的裸眼视力等优点被越来越多的白内障手术医师所认可[10-15]。
过去,双通道技术在评估不同条件下视网膜成像质量方面已经得到广泛认同[16-17],其设计原理是点光源经过一系列双面镜的反射并通过眼屈光介质后在视网膜上成像,视网膜上成像反射的光线再经原通路返回,接收并分析该视网膜成像[18]。基于双通道技术原理的视觉质量分析系统(optical quality analysis system,OQAS)通过所给出的点扩散函数(point spread function,PSF)和调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)的值,更客观地对视觉质量予以评估,并且可以定量分析,能提供光线在眼光学系统的散射和高阶像差的综合结果。OQAS还可运用于白内障的客观分级[19]、配戴多焦点、双光角膜接触镜的视觉质量[20-21],以及评估植入单焦、多焦型人工晶状体术后的视觉质量等[22-23]。本研究将运用OQAS客观评估AcrySof Toric IOL矫正角膜散光的术后效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料于2012年8月至11月收集在我院就诊的白内障合并角膜散光≥1.00 D的患者44例(52眼),年龄49~84(74.27±7.36)岁,术前散光为(1.63±0.49)D,所有患眼均排除眼部手术史及角膜不规则散光。
1.2术前检查术前检查包括裸眼远视力和最佳矫正远视力、眼压、裂隙灯、散瞳后的眼底镜检查等。使用HAAG-STREIT BERN手动角膜曲率计测量角膜曲率。眼轴测量使用Lenstar LS900®光学生物测量仪(Haag-Streit AG,Koeniz,Switzerland)。
1.3手术方法所有手术均由同一位经验丰富的医师完成。术前充分散大瞳孔,4 g·L-1倍诺喜表面麻醉,患者坐位,嘱双眼平视前方,以标记器在角膜缘0°、180°进行标记,然后请患者躺下,消毒铺巾,开睑器开睑,行颞上或鼻上(即120°)2.2 mm透明角膜缘切口及1 mm侧切口(30°),前房内注入黏弹剂,5.5 mm连续环形撕囊,常规超声乳化、注吸皮质后囊袋内注入黏弹剂,标记器标记预定轴位,使用Monarch Ⅱ推注器植入SN60TT Toric IOL(美国Alcon公司生产),顺时针旋转至距预定轴位20°左右,清除前房和IOL后方的黏弹剂,然后再将IOL调整至最终轴位,最后轻压IOL光学部使其与后囊贴附。
1.4分组根据使用的晶状体型号不同分组。SN60TT为疏水性丙烯酸酯一片式开襻式IOL,包括7种型号:SN60T3~T9,分别矫正晶状体平面散光1.50~6.00 D(角膜平面散光1.03~4.11 D)。采用SRK/T公式计算IOL度数,目标屈光度为0(-0.50 D以内)。通过登陆相关网站(www.acrysoftoriccalcularor.com),输入患者的角膜曲率、切口位置(120°)及术者的术源性散光(0.30 D)获得Toric IOL的型号及轴位。各组患眼术前一般资料见表1。
表1 患眼术前一般资料Table 1 Preoperative general information of patients
1.5OQAS参数OQAS内置的视力计可矫正 -8.00~+6.00 D的屈光不正,大于0.50 D的散光需要额外的外置柱镜来矫正。测量时保持低度的室内光照。为使数据简化具有可对比性,OQAS 提供不同的参数:MTF截止频率、Strehl比值、客观散射指数(objective scaltering index,OSI)和不同对比度(100%、20%和9%)的MTF值。
1.6术后随访所有患者均于术后3个月检测裸眼远视力及最佳矫正远视力、轴位旋转度及OQAS各参数情况。
1.7统计学处理所有数据均采用SPSS 13.0进行统计学处理,首先使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov进行数据的正态分布检验,当参数分析可行时,使用Studentt配对检验;当参数分析不可行时,使用Wilcoxon检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1视力及残余散光各组术后3个月视力及散光情况见表2。由表2知,4组间裸眼远视力及最佳矫正远视力差异均无统计学意义,其中94%患者裸眼远视力≥20/40,70%患者裸眼远视力≥20/30。术后残余散光为(0.50±0.29)D,但4组间比较差异具有统计学意义。
表2 术后3个月各组间视力及残余散光Table 2 Visual acuity and residual refractive cylinder in four groups at postoperative 3 months
2.2轴位旋转术后3个月晶状体轴位旋转为3.62°±1.76°,其中T3组为3.52°±2.01°,T4组为3.55°±1.69°,T5组为3.70°±1.33°,T6组为3.60°±2.19°。4组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.94)。观察期内没有因为Toric IOL旋转偏离超过10°而需要二次调整或取出人工晶状体者。
2.3OQAS参数术后3个月OQAS参数见表3,OSI、MTF截止频率、Strehl比值、OV100%、OV20%和OV9%等参数4组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。
表3 术后3个月各组间的OQAS参数Table 3 Parameters of optical quality analysis system in four groups at postoperative 3 months
3 讨论
随着IOL设计的不断改进和新型IOL的研发,植入矫正散光的Toric IOL以矫正白内障患者的角膜散光越来越受到眼科医师的青睐,现已成为一种矫正角膜散光安全、可预测和有效的方式。在临床试验及应用中,AcrySof Toric IOL显示出良好的可预测性和旋转稳定性[24-25],患者的满意度较高[26]。Holland等[14]观察 256眼植入Toric人工晶状体术后的视觉质量,92%患者裸眼远视力≥20/40,79%患者裸眼远视力≥20/30。其余的研究也报道了相似的结果:91%~95%的患者术后裸眼远视力≥20/40,术后残余散光为0.50~0.70 D[4,10-11,24]。本研究中94%患者裸眼远视力≥20/40,与报道一致。
AcrySof IOL采用疏水性丙烯酸软性材料,贴附性强,可通过2.2 mm切口植入眼内,另外其改良L型襻的设计增加了原来襻与周边囊袋的接触面积,充分保证IOL与囊袋的紧密贴附,从而确保其术后早期良好的旋转稳定性[25-27]。研究表明,AcrySof Toric IOL植入术后平均的轴位旋转小于4°[10-11,14]。本研究中,轴位旋转3.62°±1.76°,显示了良好的旋转稳定性。当Toric IOL轴位与角膜最大屈光力子午线精确重合时可获得最佳矫正效果,轴位每偏离1°会残余3.33%左右的角膜散光[28]。本研究中,4组间残余散光相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),我们认为这是由于4组间轴位偏离虽无明显差异,但因轴位偏离引起的残余散光会随着术前角膜散光的增加而递增引起的。
MTF截止频率代表低对比度时的最高频率,OQAS使用0.01 c·d-1MTF值(对应1%的对比度,即OV1%)作为截止频率,除以30 c·d-1就是小数制的中心视力[29]。Strehl比值指在同一瞳孔直径下,有像差光学系统的点扩散函数的中心峰值与衍射受限光学系统(无像差)点扩散函数的中心峰值的比值[30]。OQAS能够得出3种对比度的MTF值:OV100%、OV20%、OV9%,是指仪器对100%、20%和9%对比度下受试者的实测值与正常对照组的数据比较后的标准化计算评分[30]。OV100%与MTF截止频率相关,由截止频率除以30 c·d-1所得。OV值>1.000代表较高的视网膜成像质量[31]。OSI是双通道影像在外周(12~20弧分)与中心(1弧分)的光强度之比,OSI<1.000代表眼内散射较小[29]。
本研究中,我们运用基于双通道技术原理的视觉质量分析系统客观评估AcrySof Toric IOL植入术后的视觉质量。Debois等[32]运用视觉质量分析系统评估8例(13眼)术前角膜散光为(-1.85±0.72)D植入Lentis L313T Toric IOL术后的视觉质量,术后100%患者裸眼远视力≥20/40,残余散光为(-0.66±0.56)D,轴位旋转为4.40°±3.69°。术后MTF截止频率和OSI分别为(27.28±8.45)c·d-1和1.76±0.64。我们的研究结果与其相似,而且我们的研究纳入了更多的样本,并且比较了不同IOL型号间OQAS参数的差异性。
Vilaseca等[23]运用视觉质量分析系统仪评估体外AcrySof SA60AT植入模型眼后的视觉质量,研究表明,其MTF截止频率、Strehl比值、OV100%,OV20%和OV9%分别是(59.290±0.180)c·d-1、0.336±0.001、1.960±0.020、2.600±0.070和3.700±0.110,好于我们的视觉质量。然而,他们的研究使用的是由消色差的透镜、人工角膜和可移动的人工视网膜组成的模型眼,可移动的人工视网膜可矫正因人工晶状体位置不正引起的微小偏离,从而获得最佳的视觉质量。另外,体内实验中所测得的视觉质量参数受泪膜[33]、角膜前后表面像差[34]、玻璃体混浊及相应的视网膜功能退化[35]等因素的影响,并且当人工晶状体植入后,视网膜成像质量还可因残余散光所引起的离焦而降低,另外瞳孔边缘的衍射现象、眼屈光系统光线的散射、角膜和人工晶状体平面产生的像差都可不同程度地影响视网膜成像质量[36]。
总之,基于双通道技术原理的视觉质量分析系统仪可较全面、客观地评估AcrySof Toric IOL植入术后的视觉质量。Toric IOL植入能够有效矫正角膜散光,提高白内障患者术后的裸眼远视力,稳定性好,可预测性强。
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date:Jul 4,2013
Science Fund of Tianjin Medical University(No:2012KYQ07)From theTianjinMedicalUniversityEyeHospital,Tianjin300384,China
Evaluating visual quality after Toric intraocular lens implantation with double passageoptical quality analysis system
XIAO Xian-Wen,ZHANG Hong,TIAN Fang
double passage optical quality analysis system; Toric intraocular lens; cataract; astigmatism
Objective To analyze the visual quality after Toric intraocular lens (IOL)implantation with optical quality analysis system.Methods A total of 52 eyes of 44 patients with regular corneal astigmatism equal to or more than 1.00 D underwent AcrySof Toric IOL implantation, based on the IOL types, the patients were divided into four groups, including 19 eyes in T3 group, 18 eyes in T4 group, 10 eyes in T5 group, 5 eyes in T6 group. Main outcomes were evaluated at postoperative 3 months, included uncorrected distant visual acuity, corrected distant visual acuity, residual refractive cylinder and IOL rotation. Objective optical quality were measured using optical quality analysis system, included modulation transfer function (MTF)cutoff, objective scaltering index, Strehl ratio, MTF value under OV100%, OV20% and OV9%.Results At postoperative 3 months, the uncorrected distant visual acuity and corrected distant visual acuity were (0.18±0.11)LogMAR and (0.07±0.08)LogMAR, the residual refractive cylinder was (0.50±0.29)D, the mean absolute misalignment was 3.62°±1.76°, the mean MTF cutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, MTF value under OV100%, OV20% and OV9% were (22.862±5.584)c·d-1, 1.800±0.840, 0.155±0.038, 0.760±0.180, 0.770±0.190 and 0.780±0.210, respectively. The residual refractive cylinder in T3 group, T4 group, T5 group and T6 group were (0.34±0.28)D, (0.47±0.24)D, (0.57±0.19)D and (0.90±0.29)D, respectively, there was statistical difference (P<0.01). Conclusion The optical quality analysis system is useful for comprehensively and objectively evaluating the optical quality of AcrySof Toric IOL implantation. Implantation of an AcrySof Toric IOL is an effective and safe method to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.
肖显文,男,1990年3月出生,福建人,在读硕士研究生。联系电话:13820071332;E-mail:xiaoxianwendaoge@163.com
AboutXIAOXian-Wen:Male,born in March,1990.Postgraduate student.Tel:13820071332;E-mail:xiaoxianwendaoge@163.com
2013-07-04
天津医科大学科学基金资助(编号:2012KYQ07)
300384 天津市,天津医科大学眼科医院
张红,E-mail:tmuechong@sina.com,tmuehhong@gmail.com
肖显文,张红,田芳.双通道视觉质量分析系统评估Toric人工晶状体植入术后的视觉质量[J].眼科新进展,2014,34(4):345-349.
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10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0093
修回日期:2013-09-06
本文编辑:盛丽娜
Accepteddate:Sep 6,2013
Responsibleauthor:ZHANG Hong,E-mail:tmuechong@sina.com,tmuehhong@gmail.com
[RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(4):345-349]