如何用预测法解答故事类完形填空题

2014-07-23郝昌明

试题与研究·中考英语 2014年1期

郝昌明

故事类完形填空题以时间推移为线索介绍故事情节的发生、发展、高潮、结局和哲理，因此利用预测法可以逐层推断文意的发展，从而借助具体的语境推断未知信息。这里结合广东省2013年中考英语完形填空题介绍如何利用预测法解答完形填空题。

一、借助首节信息，推断故事情节的发生

众所周知，故事类完形填空题往往是作者遭遇特殊经历后的有感而发，因此其首节无论是披露心理、介绍观点，还是描绘经历无一不渗透着文章的主题，流露出作者的写作意图和创作动机。显然，首节内容对文意的延伸和情节的发展有引导和制约的作用。跟随首节内容，文章的情节由发生到发展到高潮到结局到哲理，顺势发展，自然延伸。可见借助首节内容，发挥合理想象，实施正确推理，可以逐层预测情节的发生，从而推断其未知信息。

原文：Tom brought a box of biscuits to a summer camp. He ate a few and placed the rest under his bed. After lunch, he found the box was gone. He went to tell his camp coach about it.

大意：汤姆带了一盒饼干去参加夏令营。他吃了几块饼干，将其余的饼干放在床下面。午饭之后，他发现饼干盒不见了，于是将此事告诉了负责夏令营活动的教练。

思路点拨：仔细分析首节可知，汤姆参加夏令营活动时饼干被偷，而由常识可知饼干被偷后他一定会将此事汇报给负责夏令营活动的教练，因此下文必然会介绍教练是如何帮助汤姆寻找偷饼干的人并对其进行处理的。进一步思考可知，有经验的教育者对偷汤姆饼干的人不会大加惩罚，而会想方设法既让汤姆找到小偷又不让其成为汤姆的敌人而成为汤姆的朋友。显然，下文很有可能介绍负责夏令营活动的老师是如何帮助汤姆想办法寻找偷饼干的人并让其成为汤姆的好友的。这样的分析对推断文章情节发展阶段的未知信息很有好处。

二、利用故事情节的发生，预测故事情节的发展

故事情节发生之后，主人公的处境渐渐明朗，作者的意图慢慢流露，文章的思路也步步发展。此时借助故事情节发生部分的内容结合现有语境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断可以逐个推断故事情节发展阶段的未知信息。

原文：The next day, the coach saw a boy eating Toms biscuits behind a tree. He came up with an idea to solve （解决） the problem. He found Tom and said to him, “I know who took away your biscuits. Will you help me to teach him a lesson?”

“Well, yes… are you going to punish him, sir?” Tom asked. “No, I am not,” the coach explained patiently. “That would only make him hate you. I want you to write to your mother and ask for more biscuits.”

大意：第二天，教练看到一个男孩在一棵树后吃汤姆的饼干。他想出了一个办法来解决这一问题。他找到汤姆，对他说：“我知道谁拿走了你的饼干。你愿意帮助我教训一下他吗？”

“嗯，是的……先生，你想惩罚他吗？”汤姆问道。“不，我不想惩罚他，”教练耐心地解释道。“那样做只会让他恨你。我想让你给你妈妈写信再要一些饼干。”

思路点拨：果然教练没有简单地处理问题。找到偷饼干的小偷后，他没有严厉批评小偷，也没有惩罚小偷，更没有让小偷赔汤姆的饼干，而是让汤姆向妈妈要更多的饼干，与小偷化敌为友。教练真是用心良苦，他想出的办法真是创造和谐人际关系所必需的。而这正是本文主题之所在，充分体现了本文写作的现实意义。

三、利用故事情节的发展，预测文章的高潮

随着情节的发展，主人公最终会找到解决问题的方法，从而走出低谷，摆脱困境。这时其不懈的努力已露胜势，文章的结局也显方向。显然，利用情节发展阶段的内容借助现有语境进行合理想象可以推断文章高潮部分的未知信息。

原文：Tom received another box of biscuits by mail from his mother a few days later. “Now,” said the coach, “go and share them with the boy who stole your biscuits.” Tom didnt understand the coachs intention, but he still followed his advice.

大意：几天之后，汤姆收到妈妈邮寄过来的饼干。教练说：“现在去和偷你饼干的男孩一起分享饼干吧。”汤姆不理解教练的意图，但他仍然接受了他的建议。

思路点拨：果然教练让汤姆把妈妈刚寄来的饼干与小偷一起分享。这种不计前嫌、以恩报恶的行为一定会感化小偷，让其痛改前非，重新做人。这样的分析对推断文章结局部分的未知信息也一定会很有好处。

四、利用故事情节的高潮，预测文章的结局

当文章情节的发展达到高潮时，主人公的不懈努力将有结果，其奋斗目标的实现已成定局。此时顺势预测文章的结局是一件水到渠成的事。

原文：Half an hour later the coach saw the two boys come up the hill, arm in arm. The boy was trying to ask Tom to accept his toy robot in payment for（赔偿）the stolen biscuits. And Tom was refusing the gift from his new friend. He said that a few biscuits were not so important.

大意：半小时之后，教练看到两个男孩手挽手爬上了山。男孩竭力让汤姆接受他的玩具机器人，作为对被偷饼干的赔偿，而汤姆也在拒绝新朋友的礼物。他说几块饼干不是那么重要。

思路点拨：果然偷汤姆饼干的男孩对汤姆不计前嫌的行为非常感动，他不断地请汤姆原谅他的行为并接受他的赔偿。真情打动了小偷，善意感化了小偷。教练和汤姆用宽恕谱写了一曲动人的和谐人际关系的赞歌，有理由相信汤姆和小偷之间真正的友谊会永远保持下去。

五、回顾故事的情节，预测文章的哲理

讲故事的目的是为了歌颂真善美，抨击假恶丑，因此故事结束后，作者很有可能会揭示其所蕴含的哲理，以教育读者如何做人，如何处事。解答故事类完形填空题时，当故事结束后应回顾一下主要思路，问一问自己文章主题是什么，它有什么现实意义。然后再问一问自己作者的写作意图是什么，他想让读者获得什么信息。这样文章的哲理会自然展现出来。

原文：In some situations, forgiveness （原谅） is better than punishment.

大意：在一些情况下，原谅比惩罚更好。

思路点拨：作者在故事结束后及时展示哲理：宽恕胜于惩罚，以劝告人们学会原谅，学会宽恕，努力构建和谐社会。当然，这篇完形填空题没有在最后一节的哲理上挖空，而是直接将哲理提供给读者。相信只要掌握了推断哲理的方法，推断哲理方面的未知信息也不是一件难事。

巩固性练习：

Years ago a farmer owned land along the Atlantic（大西洋）seacoast. He constantly（不断地）advertised for hired hands. Most people were 1 to work on farms along the Atlantic. They feared the terrible storms that blew across the Atlantic, 2 the buildings and crops. As the farmer interviewed applicants（应征者）for the job, he received refusals.

3, a short, thin man, well past middle age, went to the farmer. “Are you a good farmhand?” the farmer asked him.

“Well, I can 4 when the wind blows,” answered the little man.

Although puzzled by this answer, the farmer，in great need of 5, hired him. The little man worked well around the farm, 6 from dawn to dusk, and the farmer felt satisfied with the mans work.

Then one night the wind blew hard. 7 out of bed, the farmer took a lantern（灯笼）and rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room. He 8 the little man and cried, “9! A storm is coming! Tie things down 10 they blow away！”

The little man rolled over in bed and said firmly, “No sir. I told you, I can sleep when the wind blows.”

Annoyed by the response, the farmer 11 fired him on the spot. 12, he hurried outside to 13 for the storm. To his amazement, he 14 everything was tied down. Nothing could blow away.

The farmer then understood what his hired hand15, so he returned to his bed to also sleep while the wind blew.

1. A. unhealthyB. unlucky

C. unableD. unwilling

2. A. destroyingB. hitting

C. strikingD. knocking

3. A. FinallyB. Suddenly

C. GenerallyD. Actually

4. A. singB. eat

C. sleepD. stand

5. A. supportB. time

C. moneyD. help

6. A. freeB. happy

C. relaxedD. busy

7. A. RunningB. Jumping

C. GoingD. Coming

8. A. beatB. shook

C. movedD. kicked

9. A. Get upB. Sit up

C. Stay upD. Go up

10. A. ifB. unless

C. beforeD. though

11. A. alreadyB. almost

C. evenD. ever

12. A. AnywayB. Somehow

C. InsteadD. Indeed

13. A. waitB. answer

C. prepareD. look

14. A. knewB. watched

C. learnedD. discovered

15. A. meantB. wrote

C. askedD. explained

参考答案与解析

1. D。由下文他们害怕刮过大西洋的可怕大风可以反推该空表示“不愿意的”，因此应填unwilling。

2. A。根据常识可知，狂风可以摧毁房屋和庄稼，因此该空应填destroying。

3. A。此处描绘农场主做广告招帮手的最后结果，因此应填Finally。

4. C。由倒数第三段的I can sleep when the wind blows. 可以推出该空应填sleep。

5. D。由上文所介绍的农场主招帮手的急切心情可以推出他急需要帮助，因此该空应填help。

6. D。由worked well around the farm可以推出该空表示“忙着”，因此应填busy。

7. B。由上文可知，大西洋的风很厉害，因此当农场主知道外面正在刮大风时保护农场的心情会十分迫切，因此该空应填Jumping。

8. B。由上文sleeping room可以推出帮手在睡觉，因此农场主摇晃他的身体将其叫醒是可以理解的。显然，该空应填shook。

9. A。农场主摇晃帮手身体的目的当然是让他起床，去照料农场，因此该空应填Get up。

10. C。该空表示“在……之前、趁……”，因此应填before。

11. B。由农场主着急的心情和下文没有辞退帮手的事实可以推断该空表示“几乎”，因此应填almost。

12. C。由下文可知没有辞退帮手。

13. C。他没有辞退帮手，而是冲出去为暴风雨的到来做准备。

14. D。由语境逻辑可知，他发现一切都准备好了，因此该空应填discovered。

15. A。分析语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“意味着”，因此应填meant。该空与上文帮手两次回答农场主的内容相呼应。

Last month, my Dad and Mom went on a business trip to Beijing together, so I was alone at home for a week. At first, it seemed wonderful because I could do everything I wanted.

After finishing my homework, I did some reading1 struggling with English vocabulary books.

2 the happy times did not last long. On the fourth evening, while I was busy with my homework, the lights in my house went out 3. I couldnt see anything and was very frightened. Slowly I got used to the 4 and saw some weak light coming from the street lamps. I 5 the electricity in my house was out.

I6 to go outdoors to see what was happening. As I walked out, I 7 over an object I put down earlier.

Standing outside, I found the whole district dark. I knew the whole electric system had8 down. I was scared and upset, 9 I quickly picked up the phone and wanted to call my parents in Beijing, but I hesitated for a moment. I thought I had grown up and should learn to 10 some problems on my own.

Thinking of this, I hung11. A second later, I picked up the phone again. But this time I phoned the electric company. They told me the system was being 12.

Half an hour later, everything turned back to normal.

A13 passed quickly, then Dad and Mom came back. I told them 14 that had happened in that week except this incident. I 15 I have grown up and I will not depend on my parents as much as before.

1. A.because ofB. instead of

C. out ofD. regardless of

2. A. OrB. And

C. ButD. So

3. A. strangelyB. quickly

C. suddenlyD. naturally

4. A. stillnessB. silence

C. quietD. darkness

5. A. understoodB. realized

C. rememberedD. recognized

6. A. choseB. offered

C. decidedD. managed