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扁枝石松生物碱成分的研究

2014-07-07栗浩亮黄国利詹睿蒋金和刘莹陈业高

关键词:分子式柱层析西双版纳

栗浩亮,黄国利,詹睿,蒋金和,刘莹,陈业高

(云南师范大学化学化工学院,云南昆明650500)

扁枝石松生物碱成分的研究

栗浩亮,黄国利,詹睿,蒋金和,刘莹,陈业高*

(云南师范大学化学化工学院,云南昆明650500)

云南西双版纳产扁枝石松(Diphasiastrum complanatum L.)干燥全草用甲醇提取,利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析和反相柱层析进行化学成分分离纯化,从中分离得到6个Lycopodine型生物碱化合物,根据现代波谱技术和理化性质对化合物结构进行鉴定,鉴定结构为:6 β-hydroxylycopodine(1),lycopodine(2),6 α-hydroxylycopodine(3),4 α-hydroxylycopodine(4),lycoclavine(5),15 α-methyl-lcopodane-5 β,6 α-diol(6).以上化合物均为首次从西双版纳产扁枝石松中分离得到.

扁枝石松;化学成分;结构鉴定

扁枝石松(Diphasiastrum complanatum(L.)Holub)是石松科(Lycopodiaceae)扁枝石松属(Diphasiastrum)植物,产于东北、华中、华南及西南大部分省区.广泛分布于全球温带及亚热带,生于海拔700-2900米的林下、灌丛下或山坡草地[1].扁枝石松为传统药物,其味辛、味甘温;入肺、肝二经.它全草用药具有祛风活络、散寒止咳等作用,主治风湿关节炎、跌打损伤、手足麻木、外感风寒之咳嗽等功效[2].近年来,国内外学者对石松类植物的研究比较活跃,从中发现了一系列结构新颖和生物活性较强的化合物,研究表明,其中的一些化合物具有抗乙酰胆碱酯酶性[3]、抗丁酰胆碱酯酶性[4]、抗细胞毒活性[5]和抗炎活性[6].为了进一步寻找新的活性天然产物,本文对云南西双版纳产扁枝石松的生物碱成分进行了分离鉴定.采用各种分离方法包括硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析和反相柱层析等分离方法,从中分离得到6个Lycopodine型生物碱化合物.经过现代波谱分析技术(核磁共振氢谱、碳谱)确定它们的结构分别为6β-hydroxylycopodine(1),lycopodine(2),6α-hydroxylycopodine(3),4α-hydroxy-lycopodine(4),lycoclavine(5),15α-methyllcopodane-5β,6α-diol(6).化合物1-6均为首次从西双版纳产扁枝石松中分离得到.

1 药材和仪器

1.1 仪器

Bruker DRX-500 MHz超导核磁共振仪(瑞士Bruker公司);ZF-II型紫外分析仪(上海顾村中实仪器厂);Sephadex LH-20:20-80 μm(Pharmacia Fine Chemical Co.,Ltd.);反相色谱硅胶RP-C18:(40-63 μm德国Merck公司);EYELA IV-1100型旋转蒸发仪(上海爱朗仪器有限公司).

1.2 试剂

高效薄层层析硅胶板GF25(烟台化工研究院);层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂),显色剂为碘化铋钾溶液和10%浓硫酸-乙醇溶液,所用溶剂为工业纯(重蒸),其它试剂为化学纯或分析纯.

1.3 药材

扁枝石松全草采自云南省西双版纳州,由中国医学科学院药用植物开发研究所云南分所彭朝中先生采集,并鉴定为Diphasiastrum complanatum.

图1 化合物1-6的结构Fig.1Structures of compounds 1-6

2 提取与分离

扁枝石松全草5.3 kg,粉碎后用工业甲醇浸提,浸出液减压浓缩得甲醇提取物.甲醇提取物(700 g)先用2 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液将甲醇提取物水溶液的pH值调到1-2,然后用乙酸乙酯反复萃取,得到乙酸乙酯萃取物(350 g);再用2 mol·L-1NaOH溶液将水溶液部分的pH值调至10-11,然后用氯仿反复萃取,得到氯仿萃取物(10 g).将氯仿萃取物拌样后上柱,用氯仿-甲醇(1:0→0:1)梯度洗脱,经薄层层析检测,分为8部分Fr-1(1.5 g)、Fr-2(0.6 g)、Fr-3(1.9 g)、Fr-4(0.8 g)、Fr-5(0.2 g)、Fr-6(0.2 g)、Fr-7(1.4 g)、Fr-8(0.8 g).通过碘化铋钾显色,确定Fr-1部分无生物碱反应,不再进行分离;Fr-2-Fr-8部分存在明显的生物碱反应,因此,将Fr-2-Fr-8部分分别经过硅胶层析,Sephadex LH-20柱层析和反相硅胶柱层析反复分离纯化得到纯的生物碱.其中从Fr-2部分得到6β-hydroxylycopodine(1)(10 mg),Fr-3部分得到lycopodine(2)(50 mg),Fr-4部分得到6α-hydroxylycopodine(3)(40 mg),Fr-5部分得到4α-hydroxylycopodine(4)(10 mg),Fr-7部分得到lycoclavine(5)(100 mg),Fr-8部分得到15α-methyl-lcopodane-5β,6α-diol(6)(180 mg).

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:白色粉末,分子式为C16H25NO2,易溶于甲醇.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)∶δ 4.44(1H,d, J=6.5 Hz,H-6),3.69(2H,m,H-1,9),3.41(1H,m, H-4),3.08(1H,m,H-9),2.93(1H,m,H-14),2.75(1H,m,H-1),2.48(1H,br s,H-7),2.15~1.8(10H, m),1.46(1H,m,H-15),1.28(1H,m,H-8),1.16(1H,m,H-14),0.97(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-16);13CNMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)∶δ 209.6(s,C-5),72.9(t, C-6),63.8(s,C-13),47.1(t,C-9),46.5(t,C-1),45.0(d,C-12),43.2(d,C-7),41.8(d,C-4),40.2(t, C-14),34.2(t,C-8),25.0(d,C-15),23.7(t,C-11),22.8(t,C-10),21.3(q,C-16),17.64(t,C-3),17.35(t,C-2).以上数据与文献[7]中的6β-hydroxylycopodine一致,故鉴定化合物1为6β-hydroxylycopodine.

化合物2:白色粉末,分子式为C16H25NO,易溶于氯仿.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)∶δ 3.40(1H,m, H-1),3.19(1H,m,H-9),2.85(1H,m,H-9),2.83(1H,m,H-4),2.54~1.17(18H,m),0.83(3H,d,J= 6.5 Hz,H-16);13C-NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)∶δ 213.3(s,C-5),59.6(s,C-13),47.1(t,C-9),46.5(t,C-1),44.9(d,C-12),43.1(t,C-6),42.8(d,C-4),42.7(t,C-14),42.4(t,C-8),36.6(d,C-7),26.0(t,C-10),25.2(d,C-15),25.0(t,C-11),22.8(q,C-16),19.4(t,C-3),18.7(t,C-2).以上数据与文献[8]中的lycopodine一致,故鉴定化合物2为lycopodine.

化合物3:白色粉末,分子式为C16H25NO2,易溶于甲醇.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 3.74(1H,br s,H-6),3.45(1H,m,H-9a),3.37(1H,m,H-1a),3.27(1H,m,H-4),2.68(1H,m,H-1a),2.61(1H, m,H-14a),2.53(1H,m,H-9b),2.32(1H,m,H-2a),2.15(1H,br s,H-7),2.01~1.58(8H,m),1.43(1H,m,H-15),1.30(2H,m,H-8,H-12),0.93(1H,m,H-14b),0.88(3H,m,H-16).13C-NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 214.6(s,C-5),79.0(d,C-6),62.1(s,C-13),48.0(t,C-9),47.6(t,C-1),46.1(d, C-12),44.0(d,C-7),43.4(t,C-14),40.7(t,C-8),40.5(d,C-4),27.4(d,C-15),27.3(t,C-10,t,C-11),23.4(q,C-16),20.5(t,C-3),19.6(t,C-2).以上数据与文献[9]中的6α-hydroxylycopodine一致,故鉴定化合物3为6α-hydroxylycopodine.

化合物4:白色针晶,化学分子式为C16H25NO2,溶于甲醇.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 4.14(1H,m,H-9),0.86(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,C-16);13CNMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 211.4(s,C-5),78.9(s, C-4),58.9(s,C-13),49.2(t,C-6),46.2(d,C-12),46.1(t,C-1),44.5(t,C-9),42.6(t,C-14),39.0(t, C-8),36.6(d,C-7),25.8(t,C-10),25.4(t,C-11),25.3(d,C-15),25.2(t,C-3),22.1(q,C-16),16.1(t, C-2).以上数据与文献[10]中的4α-hydroxylycopodine一致,故鉴定化合物4为4α-hydroxylycopodine.

化合物5:白色针晶,化学分子式为C18H29NO3,溶于甲醇.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 5.01(1H, d,J=6.5 Hz,H-5),0.93(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-16),2.06(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 171.7(s,C-17),76.6(d,C-5),76.2(d,C-6),57.4(s,C-13),48.0(t,C-1),47.9(t,C-9),45.8(d,C-12),43.9(d,C-7),42.8(t,C-14),41.1(t,C-8),29.3(d,C-4),27.1(t,C-10),26.8(t,C-11),25.3(d,C-15),24.5(q,C-16),23.4(t,C-16),21.1(q,C-18),20.8(t,C-2).以上数据与文献[11]中的lycoclavine一致,故鉴定化合物5为lycoclavine.

化合物6:白色粉末,化学分子式为C16H27NO2,溶于甲醇.1H-NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 3.79(1H, d,J=6.0 Hz,H-5),3.70(1H,br s,H-6),0.88(3H, d,J=6.5 Hz,H-16);13C-NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)∶δ 77.9(d,C-6),73.4(d,C-5),57.1(s,C-13),46.9(t, C-9),46.6(t,C-1),44.8(d,C-12),42.8(d,C-7),41.6(t,C-14),39.9(t,C-8),29.4(d,C-4),25.7(t, C-11),25.6(t,C-10),23.7(d,C-15),22.9(q,C-16),22.4(t,C-3),19.7(t,C-2).以上数据与文献[12]中的15α-methyllcopodane-5β,6α-diol一致,故鉴定化合物6为15α-methyllcopodane-5β,6α-diol.

4 结论

从西双版纳产扁枝石松中分离得到6个Lycopodine型生物碱化合物,并通过波谱数据和理化性质对其结构进行了鉴定,分别鉴定为:6β-hydroxylycopodine(1),lycopodine(2),6α-hydroxylycopodine(3),4α-hydroxylycopodine(4),lycoclavine(5),15α-methyl-lcopodane-5β,6α-diol(6).所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.

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责任编辑:毕和平

Studies on Alkaloids of Diphasiastrum complanaturn(L.)Holub

LI Haoliang,HUANG Guoli,ZHAN Rui,JIANG Jinhe,LIU Ying,CHEN Yegao*
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

Six lycopodine alkaloids were obtained by silica gel chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography from the methanol extract of the all plants of Diphasiastrum complanatum(L.)Holub from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan.The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by modern spectroscopic analysis combined with their physico-chemical data.These compounds were identified to be 6β-hydroxylycopodine(1), lycopodine(2),6α-hydroxylycopodine(3),4α-hydroxylycopodine(4),lycoclavine(5),15α-methyl-lcopodane-5β,6α-diol(6).All the six compounds above were isolated from D.complanatum of Xishuangbanna for the first time.

Diphasiastrum complanatum(L.)Holub;Chemical constituents;Structure identification

R 248.1

A

1674-4942(2014)01-0039-03

2013-12-02

国家自然科学基金(21162045)

*通讯作者

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