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探析阅读理解中代词的考查

2014-04-09邱璇卿

广东教育·高中 2014年3期
关键词:句意指代代词

邱璇卿

在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词,如it,they,that,this,which,as,so等,这些代词用来代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物。代词起连接语篇的作用,体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。且看下面的句子,可否指出各句中代词指代的对象?

解析:本题题眼是 “I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis”,句中as引导一个原因状语从句,可句中it是指什么呢?其实就是回指the job (to teach writing),即“因为这个工作会让我戴着领带,也让我被人称为戴维斯先生”,从此句及接下来的那两句可看出,作者是希望得到别人的尊重,故选A。

[解题探讨]

从上述的真题解析可以看出这两类题均是考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解,只不过考查的方式不同而已。在阅读过程,考生不仅根据一定的上下文去推测相关代词的指代意义,读懂相关句子的句意,理顺上下文之间的逻辑关系,还要学会合理语义转化,尤其要学会灵活理解关键语句的同义或反义表达。

解答这两类题时,考生必须结合代词的具体用法,确定代词的指代对象:指代人?或物?亦是事?如分析不当,往往会出现 “张冠李戴”的错误,影响了语篇的整体理解。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能找出代词所指代的事。借助语法结构、典型句型以及承上启下的连接词语来进行推测也是很常用的方法。

代词是高考考查的一个重点内容,若算上引导从句的关系代词和连接代词,则考查的比重更大。广东高考命题主要在于语法填空及阅读理解,侧重于代词的综合运用以及在具体语境中的作用。在平时的学习过程中,主要掌握代词的基本用法,着重关注个别代词的特殊用法,牢记与代词相关的句型或表达方式。代词指代是在文章逻辑关系中的一种十分常见的语篇衔接手段。在阅读中有意识地关注代词在语篇中的指代内容,对我们正确理解语篇意义非常有益。

[实战练习]

1. Too many people want others to be their friends, but they dont give friendship back. That is why some friendships dont last long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest, be generous and be understanding.

A. there are too many people who want to make friends

B. some people receive friendship but dont give friendship back

C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others

D. they dont know friendship is something serious

2. Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lip-reading. But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again.

A. hearing loss

B. using a special microphone

C. lip-reading

D. attending a course on lip reading

答案与解析:

1. B 因“That is why...”中that是回指前面一句的内容,故选B。

2. C结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接,可知that是回指lip-reading。

(作者单位:汕头市广澳中学)

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词,如it,they,that,this,which,as,so等,这些代词用来代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物。代词起连接语篇的作用,体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。且看下面的句子,可否指出各句中代词指代的对象?

解析:本题题眼是 “I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis”,句中as引导一个原因状语从句,可句中it是指什么呢?其实就是回指the job (to teach writing),即“因为这个工作会让我戴着领带,也让我被人称为戴维斯先生”,从此句及接下来的那两句可看出,作者是希望得到别人的尊重,故选A。

[解题探讨]

从上述的真题解析可以看出这两类题均是考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解,只不过考查的方式不同而已。在阅读过程,考生不仅根据一定的上下文去推测相关代词的指代意义,读懂相关句子的句意,理顺上下文之间的逻辑关系,还要学会合理语义转化,尤其要学会灵活理解关键语句的同义或反义表达。

解答这两类题时,考生必须结合代词的具体用法,确定代词的指代对象:指代人?或物?亦是事?如分析不当,往往会出现 “张冠李戴”的错误,影响了语篇的整体理解。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能找出代词所指代的事。借助语法结构、典型句型以及承上启下的连接词语来进行推测也是很常用的方法。

代词是高考考查的一个重点内容,若算上引导从句的关系代词和连接代词,则考查的比重更大。广东高考命题主要在于语法填空及阅读理解,侧重于代词的综合运用以及在具体语境中的作用。在平时的学习过程中,主要掌握代词的基本用法,着重关注个别代词的特殊用法,牢记与代词相关的句型或表达方式。代词指代是在文章逻辑关系中的一种十分常见的语篇衔接手段。在阅读中有意识地关注代词在语篇中的指代内容,对我们正确理解语篇意义非常有益。

[实战练习]

1. Too many people want others to be their friends, but they dont give friendship back. That is why some friendships dont last long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest, be generous and be understanding.

A. there are too many people who want to make friends

B. some people receive friendship but dont give friendship back

C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others

D. they dont know friendship is something serious

2. Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lip-reading. But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again.

A. hearing loss

B. using a special microphone

C. lip-reading

D. attending a course on lip reading

答案与解析:

1. B 因“That is why...”中that是回指前面一句的内容,故选B。

2. C结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接,可知that是回指lip-reading。

(作者单位:汕头市广澳中学)

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词,如it,they,that,this,which,as,so等,这些代词用来代替上下文涉及到的人、事或物。代词起连接语篇的作用,体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。且看下面的句子,可否指出各句中代词指代的对象?

解析:本题题眼是 “I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis”,句中as引导一个原因状语从句,可句中it是指什么呢?其实就是回指the job (to teach writing),即“因为这个工作会让我戴着领带,也让我被人称为戴维斯先生”,从此句及接下来的那两句可看出,作者是希望得到别人的尊重,故选A。

[解题探讨]

从上述的真题解析可以看出这两类题均是考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解,只不过考查的方式不同而已。在阅读过程,考生不仅根据一定的上下文去推测相关代词的指代意义,读懂相关句子的句意,理顺上下文之间的逻辑关系,还要学会合理语义转化,尤其要学会灵活理解关键语句的同义或反义表达。

解答这两类题时,考生必须结合代词的具体用法,确定代词的指代对象:指代人?或物?亦是事?如分析不当,往往会出现 “张冠李戴”的错误,影响了语篇的整体理解。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能找出代词所指代的事。借助语法结构、典型句型以及承上启下的连接词语来进行推测也是很常用的方法。

代词是高考考查的一个重点内容,若算上引导从句的关系代词和连接代词,则考查的比重更大。广东高考命题主要在于语法填空及阅读理解,侧重于代词的综合运用以及在具体语境中的作用。在平时的学习过程中,主要掌握代词的基本用法,着重关注个别代词的特殊用法,牢记与代词相关的句型或表达方式。代词指代是在文章逻辑关系中的一种十分常见的语篇衔接手段。在阅读中有意识地关注代词在语篇中的指代内容,对我们正确理解语篇意义非常有益。

[实战练习]

1. Too many people want others to be their friends, but they dont give friendship back. That is why some friendships dont last long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest, be generous and be understanding.

A. there are too many people who want to make friends

B. some people receive friendship but dont give friendship back

C. those who give others friendship receive friendship from others

D. they dont know friendship is something serious

2. Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lip-reading. But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again.

A. hearing loss

B. using a special microphone

C. lip-reading

D. attending a course on lip reading

答案与解析:

1. B 因“That is why...”中that是回指前面一句的内容,故选B。

2. C结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接,可知that是回指lip-reading。

(作者单位:汕头市广澳中学)

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

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