《牛津英语词典》里的中文词汇──干杯、旗袍

∷曾泰元

《牛津英语词典》（The Oxford English Dictionary）依历史原则编纂，是英语世界最大、最权威的英语词典。自2010年底整合资源，更新条目、定义与书证后，以在线版的形态重新问世。在线版的《牛津英语词典》收录了300个左右源自中文的词汇，或音译（loanword）或借译（loan translation）。

从2013年第8期开始，作者每期介绍两条，照登《牛津英语词典》的定义并加以翻译，解释其词源，挑选精当的书证，以英汉双语的方式呈现。

ganbei干杯；干了

【词源】[ < Chinesegānbēi: gānempty, dry +bēicup ] 源自中文“干杯”

【定义】n. A Chinese drinking-toast, a call to drain one’s glass. Also asv. intr. andtrans., to drink (as) a toast. 中国式的祝酒，要人喝干杯中酒所说的话。亦作不及物动词和及物动词

【书证】

One of the cordial customs in China is to ganbei a Maotai—to down in one dash a glass of the country’s famous

colourless wheat-based liquor. 在中国，一个表示友好的习俗是把茅台给干了──也就是一口气喝下一杯中国知名的、以小麦为原料的白酒。──澳大利亚《信使报》（Courier-Mail），1976/7/7

Many ganbei, or toasts, drunk with mao-tai whisky,

cloyingly sweet orange soda or cool, refreshing Chinese beer were raised. 很多人举杯喊“干了”（即祝酒），喝的是类似威士忌的茅台、甜的发腻的橙子汽水、还有清凉爽口的中国啤酒。──《时代杂志》（Time），1987/4/13

qipao旗袍

【词源】[ < Chineseqípáo(Wade-Giles transcriptionch’ip’ao), lit. ‘banner dress’

The dress was so called with reference to the Manchu people who ruled China during the Qing dynasty: they were organized into groups designated by different coloured banners,and consequently the termqírén‘bannermen’became a way to refer to Manchus. The one-piece garment was characteristic of Manchu dress, as distinct from the two-piece styles used by Han Chinese women. 这种妇女服饰得名自清朝统治中国的满族。满族人民依不同颜色的旗帜而分类编制，因此“旗人”这个说法便用来指称满族。这种连身的衣服是满族妇女的特色服饰，有别于汉族妇女所穿的两截式风格。

【定义】n. A type of dress traditionally worn by Chinese women, typically having a high mandarin collar, a split skirt, and a fitted bodice with an asymmetrical closure extending from the neck to the right underarm; = cheongsam一种中国妇女所穿的传统连衣裙，一般为直领，裙摆开衩，腰部以上合身，开襟不对称，由领口开到右侧腋下。亦作cheongsam

【书证】

When she struts about the stage.., her tight- fitting Chinese ‘qipao’, slit to the hip, flares open to reveal slender legs. 她在台上昂首阔步，身上穿着开衩至臀部的紧身旗袍，展露出修长的双腿。──《纽约时报》（The New York Times），1984/1/30

During a break, Madam Fu changes quickly into a navy blue qipao tastefully complemented with a peach apron. 休息时，傅夫人立即换上一件深蓝色的旗袍，搭配一条桃色的围裙，雅致而有品位。──新加坡《海峡时报》（The Strait Times），1992/10/20