APPITA V67No2－April/June 2014 APPITA 2014年第2期中英文摘要

A method for evaluating the interaction of mineral adsorbents with wood extractive using flow cytometry

DESMOND E RICHARDSON MEEGAN J GRUBB

SUMMARY:The use of mineral adsorbents to passivate and control paper machine deposits arising from wood extractives and recycled fibre stickies is widely pursued in the paper industry．A range of techniques have been utilised to evaluate and choose minerals such as bentonite and talc to control these deposits．Flow cytometry has been used by us to study the interaction between wood extractive colloids present in mechanical pulp process waters and various fillers．Mineral adsorbents such as bentonite may be observed in flow cytometry density plots as small particles with low hydrophobicity．As extractive-laden process white water was progressively added to the mineral adsorbent，a population of particles separate from both the adsorbent and the hydrophobic extractive colloids appeared in the density plots．The characteristics of this new population(number and position)were used as a means to measure the adsorbents'ability to interact with extractive colloids．There is evidence that some adsorbents appear to act by adsorbing colloids smaller than those normally observed by flow cytometry，as well as those larger colloids normally visible to the flow cytometer．Not only was extractive colloid particle count modified by addition of the mineral adsorbent，but hydrophobicity was also decreased，thus leading to the inference that adsorbent addition modifies the tackiness and hence the deposition tendency of the colloids．Data is also presented that suggest a correlation between changes in extractive concentration and hydrophobicity．Less hydrophobicity was measured in process waters that had depressed glyceride levels and elevated fatty acid levels．

使用流式细胞仪评估矿物吸附剂与木材抽提物间的相互作用

DESMOND E RICHARDSON MEEGAN J GRUBB

摘 要:造纸行业一直广泛使用矿物吸附剂控制及清除木材抽提物及回收纤维黏结物在造纸机上所产生的沉积物。曾应用多种技术来评估膨润土和滑石粉等矿物质对这些沉积物的控制。本研究采用流式细胞仪研究存在于机械法制浆过程循环水中的木材抽提物胶体与各种矿物填料间的相互作用。在流式细胞仪的密度图中可观察到矿物吸附剂如膨润土是疏水性低的小颗粒。为了达到抽提物满载过程，纸浆过滤水逐步地添加到矿物吸附剂中，在密度图上分别显示矿物吸附剂和疏水的抽提物胶体的颗粒统计数据。这组新统计数据 (数量和位置)的特征可用于测量吸附剂作用于抽提物胶体的能力。有证据显示有些吸附剂不仅可吸附小于可在流式细胞仪观察到的胶体，也可作用于在流式细胞仪观察到的大的胶体。矿物吸附剂的添加不仅改变了抽提物胶体颗粒的量，而且降低了其疏水性，因此可推论吸附剂的添加改变了胶体的黏着性从而降低其沉积趋势。研究数据表明抽提物浓度和疏水性相关。甘油酯和高脂肪酸含量低的生产过程循环水的疏水性较低。

Towards online measurement of roughness using laser speckle contrast

J PLADELLORENSO CUSOLA J CAUM S ROYO A TOSASA PINO

SUMMARY:Roughness of a paper surface is particularly important in paper and board destined to be printed．Surfaces are often coated and the amount of coating and method of application used depends on the roughness of the base paper．We present a method to measure the roughness of paper based on the analysis of speckle contrast pattern on the surface．Images are captured by means of a simple configuration using a laser and a camera CCD．Then，we apply digital image processing，so this method can be considered as a non-contact surface profiling method that can be used online．

采用激光斑点对比法进行粗糙度在线测量

J PLADELLORENSO CUSOLA J CAUM S ROYO A TOSASA PINO

摘 要:表面粗糙度对印刷纸和纸板非常重要。有些纸及纸板表面需要涂布，而涂层的厚薄和施加方式往往取决于原纸粗糙度。本文介绍了一种基于表面斑点对比图案分析法测量纸张粗糙度的方法，即通过使用激光和摄像机CCD的简单装置来获取图像，然后使用数码图像进行处理。这是一个可在线使用的非接触性的表面轮廓分析方法。

Deinking flexographically printed papers:The effect of deinking chemicals on water clarification with cupric chloride

ERIC O FERNANDEZ KEVIN T HODGSON

SUMMARY:It has been shown that cupric chloride(CuCl2)is very effective in aggregating flexographic(flexo)ink particles emanating from deinking processes for old newsprint．This is theorised to occur due to the copper(II)ion reducing both the electrostatic and steric components of dispersed flexo ink particles，which otherwise display robust stability in alkaline deinking systems．As a result，there is the potential to produce a highly clarified and low turbidity filtrate phase from wastepaper deinking processes．In the present work，a factorially-designed set of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of common washing deinking chemical additives on the capacity of cupric chloride to flocculate flexographic inks．Overall，it was found that calcium chloride and calcium oleate soaps have a positive effecton the clarification of wastewater when used with CuCl2after washing deinking of flexographic newsprint．Silicate and oleate ions(i．e．sodium oleate)showed a detrimental effect．It is likely that the same effects will occur with flocculants that have a similar mechanism as cupric chloride and that could more likely be used in commercial deinking plants．

脱墨柔版印刷纸:脱墨化学品对经氯化铜处理水澄清度的影响

ERIC O FERNANDEZ KEVIN T HODGSON

摘 要:已有研究表明，氯化铜 (CuCl2)能有效聚合旧报纸脱墨过程产生的废水中的柔版印刷 (flexo)油墨粒子。从理论层面来讲这是由于二价铜离子能有效减少分散的柔版印刷油墨颗粒间的静电和空间阻力，否则这些粒子在碱性脱墨系统下有极强稳定性。因此，使用氯化铜完全有潜力对废纸脱墨过程产生的废水进行处理并获得高澄清度、低浊度的滤液。本研究通过进行一组工业化设计的试验，测定了常用的洗涤脱墨化学添加剂对氯化铜絮凝柔版印刷油墨粒子能力的影响。总的来说，氯化钙和油酸钙皂对使用了氯化铜的废水澄清有积极的影响，而硅酸盐和油酸盐离子 (如油酸钠)则表现出不利影响。这一发现同样适用于与氯化铜有相同机理并且在商业脱墨流程中应用更普遍的絮凝剂。

Brewers'grain as an alternative organic filler to wood powder

JI-YOUNG LEE CHUL-HWAN KIM GI-BAEK LIM SUN-YOUNG KIM JONG-HEA PARK

SUMMARY:The Korean paperboard industry uses wood powder as an organic filler to improve paperboard thickness and to reduce drying energy consumption．However，given the mixed wood base of this material，industry has great interest in exploring new biomass alternatives to maintain stable supply and price of organic fillers．In this study a new non-wood organic filler from ground brewers'spent grain(BG)was evaluated．The study identified the effects of BG filler on paperboard properties and imputed drying energy consumption by measuring the physical strength of handsheets and the after-pressing moisture content of wet webs containing BG filler．The BG filler increased the bulk and reduced the imputed drying energy requirement more effectively than commercial wood powder．BG filler fractions containing larger particles increased the bulk of the paperboard and decreased imputed drying energy requirement more than those fractions containing smaller particles，but this was at the cost of a decrease in paperboard strength．For commercial use it will be important to control the particle size of BG filler to obtain the desired bulk，strength，and drying energy consumption of paperboard．

酿酒酒糟替代木粉作为有机填料

JI-YOUNG LEE CHUL-HWAN KIM GI-BAEK LIM SUN-YOUNG KIM JONG-HEA PARK

摘 要:韩国纸板行业使用木粉作为有机填料以提高纸板厚度和降低干燥能耗。然而，由于这种材料来源于混合木材，韩国造纸行业对探索使用新的生物质来取代木粉作为有机填料有极大兴趣，有助于保证供应和价格的稳定性。本研究对研磨酿酒酒糟 (BG)作为新的非木材有机填料的可行性进行了评估。实验通过检测含有酒糟有机填料的实验室手抄片的物理强度及压榨后的湿纸幅的水分含量来评定酒糟填料对纸板性能和干燥能耗的影响。结果表明，酒糟填料比商业木粉填料能更有效地增加纸张厚度并降低干燥能耗。含有更多较大颗粒的酒糟有机填料比包含更多小颗粒的填料更能有效地增加纸板的厚度并降低估算的干燥能量需求，但这会导致纸板强度降低。在商业用途中，控制好酒糟填料的粒度对生产出所需的纸板松厚度、强度和干燥能耗至关重要。

A comparison between bagasse and alternative water efficient crops using KOH/AQ pulping

THOMAS J RAINEY WILLIAM O S DOHERTY SCOT A SHARMAN

SUMMARY:Numerous crops grow in sugar regions that have the potential to increase the amount of biomass available to a small bagasse-based pulp factory．Arundo donax and Sorghum offer unique advantages to farmers compared to other agricultural crops．In this study pulps produced from these crops were benchmarked against sugarcane bagasse pulp．Arundo，sorghum and bagasse were pulped using KOH and anthraquinone to 20 Kappa number so as to produce a bleachable pulp which is suitable for making photocopier paper and tissue products．The unbleached sorghum pulp has better tensile strength properties than the unbleached Arundo pulp(43．8 N·m/g compared to 21．4 N·m/g)and the bleached sorghum pulp tensile strength was similar to bagasse(28．4 N·m/g)．At 20 Kappa number，sorghum pulp had acceptable yield for a non-wood fibre(45%c．f．55%for bagasse)，A．donax pulp had low tensile strength，and relatively low yield(38．7%)，even for an agricultural fibre and required severe cooking conditions to achieve similar delignification to sugarcane bagasse or sorghum．Sorghum and A．donax produced thicker handsheets than bagasse(＞160 μm c．f．122 μm for bagasse)．In preliminary experiments sorghum and bagasse responded slightly better to Totally Chlorine Free peroxide bleaching(QPP)，although none achieved a satisfactory brightness level and further improvement would be required to produce a fully bleached pulp．

用KOH-AQ蒸煮蔗渣、芦竹和高梁秆的比较

THOMAS J RAINEY WILLIAM O S DOHERTY SCOT A SHARMAN

摘 要:许多在产糖区内生长的作物具有作为小型蔗渣浆厂原材料的潜力。芦竹 (Arundo donax)和高粱 (Sorghum)相对于其他农作物为农民提供了独特的优势。在这项研究中，对使用这些作物作为原材料生产的纸浆与蔗渣浆进行了比较。芦竹、高梁秆和蔗渣使用KOH和AQ蒸煮至卡伯值20，以得到适合于制造复印纸和卫生纸的可漂浆。未漂高粱秆浆比未漂芦竹浆有更好的抗张强度性能 (43.8 N·m/g对比21.4 N·m/g);漂白后的高粱秆浆抗张强度 (28.4 N·m/g)与蔗渣浆相当。在卡伯值20，高粱秆浆的得率对于非木纤维而言完全可以接受 (45%，蔗渣为55%)。芦竹浆的抗张强度低，并且得率比农作物纤维还低 (38.7%)。芦竹需要更强的蒸煮条件才能达到与甘蔗或高粱秆相近的脱木素水平。高粱秆浆和芦竹浆手抄片的厚度比蔗渣浆的高 (＞160 μm，蔗渣浆为122 μm)。在初步漂白实验中，高粱秆浆和蔗渣浆对全无氯过氧化氢漂白 (QPP)的适用性稍好，虽然它们都没有达到令人满意的白度水平，要生产完全漂白浆还需要进一步探索。