2012全国高考英语单项选择题考点归纳与考例详解(下)
2013-08-16孙小峰
孙小峰
(接上期)
六、考查介词
介词是高考知识运用中必考的一个点,而且也是得分率比较低的一个点。今年高考英语试题设置特定语境考查考生根据句子结构确定特定介词的能力,这种试题常将含介词的固定结构进行变形重组,因而具有较强的创新性。
典型考例:
1.(2012年上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A.through B.up
C.with D. from
2.(2012年四川卷)100℃ is the temperature which water will boil.
A. for B. at
C. on D. of
答案与解析:两小题答案为AB。第1小题依据语境:毕业时刻是感谢曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的好时间。help sb. through sth.帮助某人度过某段时期(尤指艰难的时期);help sb. up把某人扶起 来;help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事;from来自,自……以来,由语境和这几个介词的意义可知选A。第2小题考查定语从句中“介词+which”中介词的选择,temperature是先行词,根据介词短语at the temperature可知用at which,which代替temperature。句意:100度是水沸腾的温度。
七、考查复合句
复合句是高考命题的热点之一,研究今年的高考题可以发现复合句主要考查引导词的选用,正确理解句意是解题关键,同时,考生要全面掌握各种从属连词的意思和用法,并熟记一些典型句型。
典型考例:
1.(2012年安徽卷)Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it
C. which D. this
2.(2012年江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where
C. which D. that
3.(2012年福建卷)It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless
C. because D. since
答案与解析:1-3小题答案分别为ADB。第1小题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的选择,关系代词指代整个一句话Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life;若从句置于句首,或表示“正如……”时用as引导从句,which用在句末,故正确答案应该是A,如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。第2小题考查主语从句交叉考查典型句式“it occurs to sb that…(使某人突然想到……)”,是学习occur单词的一个重点方面,it 是形式主语,that这里是做主语从句的连接词,故选D为正确答案。第3小题考查状语从句连词的;根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持,否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”,只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句连词的题事实上非常简单,只要找到句中的关键词,然后从句意上去排除就行了,本题关键词是hard和more financial support。
八、考查特殊句式
特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句、反意疑问句、主谓一致和There be句型等。从一二年的高考试题看,单独考查特殊句式的题目很少,试题的测试经常呈交叉性,许多知识点都是嫁接在一起考查,这种交叉性的考查加大了综合考查语法的力度。
典型考例:
1.(2012年辽宁卷) Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
2. (2012年陕西卷) The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A.were B. was
C. is D. are
3. (2012湖南卷) It was not until I came here ___ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
4.(2012年江苏卷) There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ____?
A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he
答案与解析:第1-4小题答案分别为DBBA。 第1小题考查部分倒装且交叉考查了动词时态,Not until加从句位于句首时主句句子要倒装,且consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后,所以用一般过去时,故选D为正确答案。第2小题考查动词时态和主谓一致和动词时态,主语中心词是the basketball coach,是单数,根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时,故选B。第3小题考查强调句交叉考查定语从句的辨析,是not until的强调结构,即:it was not until sb did sth that sb did sth,句意:直到我来到这儿才意识到,这个地方不仅以它的美而且以它的天气出名,故B为正确答案。第4小题中考查反义疑问句,根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little,所以反意疑问句用肯定形式,其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致,故选A项。
九、考查情景对话
一二年情景对话题通过创设会话语境,考查考生在真实的语言环境中运用所学英语知识、交流思想、表达观点的能力。内容上侧重考查问候、介绍、告别、感谢、祝愿、失望、歉意、请求允许、表示同意等日常交际用语的掌握和运用情况。
典型考例:
1.(2012年安徽卷)—May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.
— , thanks. I think I can manage.
A. All right B. No problem
C. Its all right D. Theres no way
2.(2012年山东卷)— Sorry Im late. I got stuck in traffic.
— . Youre here now. Come in and sit down.
A. You are welcome
B. Thats right
C. I have no idea
D. Never mind
3.(2012年重庆卷)—The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.
—Oh, no! .
A. Its a pity B. It doesnt matter
C. I knew it already D. Its not interesting at all
答案与解析:第1-3小题答案分别为CDA。 第1小题考查表示感谢对方的交际用语。依据句意:“我可以帮忙吗?你看上去有麻烦。”“没什么问题,谢谢你。我想我能行的。” 此处是对别人提出的帮助表示感谢,Its all right常用于对别人的致谢或道歉;但也可表示满意或乐观,“行,可以,没关系”,此处即此用法。第2小题考查对歉意的答语,题干上句表达歉意,根据下句后面的语境,此处应表示“没关系”,用never mind表示。其他选项中,you are welcome回答thank you;I have no idea“我不知道”;thats right“那是正确的”,都不符合句意。应注意的是,回答sorry时可以用thats all right,但不能用thats right。第3小题考查表示失望的情景交际,依据句意:“城市博物馆的现代艺术展被取消了。”“哦,别呀。真遗憾!” “Oh,no!”说明不愿接受该消息,所以会觉得遗憾,故选A为正确答案。
(作者单位:甘肃省定西市安定区中华路中学)
责编/张晓东