活用英语阅读理解文章,提升学生能力和素质
2013-04-29黎远旺
黎远旺
【关键词】阅读理解文章 活用 能力和素质
【中图分类号】G 【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】0450-9889(2013)05B-
0027-02
高考英语试题阅读理解部分设题的模式是五篇文章,每篇文章后有3~5道选择题,共20小题,每小题两分共40分。阅读理解题是整套英语试题分值最多的一道大题。为了提升学生的阅读能力和考试成绩,教师在日常教学和高考备考过程中都会非常重视英语阅读理解的训练。但由于教学时间紧、任务重等原因,教师的教学步骤通常首先是让学生阅读文章、完成选择题目,然后结合文章与学生分析确定答案,整篇阅读理解文章的教学就结束了。这种单一的教学模式不但会使课堂枯燥乏味,让学生对英语失去兴趣,还极大地浪费了英语阅读材料。因此,在利用阅读理解文章提高学生的阅读理解能力的同时,活用阅读材料,对巩固、扩大学生基础知识,提高学生听、说、读、写的基本技能和学生的综合素质变得非常有意义。
一、变英语阅读理解文章为“剧本”,提高学生的交际能力
英语阅读理解文章题材多样、内容丰富,包括了日常生活、传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治等方面,根据阅读理解文章的体裁和内容,教师可以将阅读理解文章或文章的某些段落变为“剧本”,让学生以学习小组为单位,把阅读理解文章“表演”出来。通过表演阅读理解文章,学生不但可以更好地理解文章,还能锻炼口头表达能力,提高英语交际水平。下面笔者以教学过程中的一篇阅读理解文章为例,介绍变阅读理解文章为“剧本”的具体教学步骤。阅读理解文章如下:
I always felt sorry for the people in wheelchairs. Some people, old and weak, cannot get around by themselves. Others seem perfectly healthy, dressed in business suits. But whenever I saw someone in a wheelchair, I only saw a disability, not a person.
Then I fainted at Eruo Disney due to low blood pressure. This was the first time I had ever fainted, and my parents said that I must rest for a while after first aid. I agreed to take it easy but, as I stepped toward the door, I saw my dad pushing a wheelchair in my direction! Feeling the color burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel that thing right back to where he found it.
I could not believe this was happening to me. Wheelchairs were fine for other people but not for me, as my father wheeled me out into the main street, people immediately began to treat me differently. Little kids ran in front of me, forcing my father to stop the wheelchair suddenly. Bitterness set in as I was thrown back and forth.“Stupid kids they have perfectly good legs. Why cant they watch where they are going?” I thought. People stared down at me, pity in their eyes. Then they would look away, maybe because they thought the sooner they forgot me the better.
“Im just like you!” I wanted to scream.“The only difference is youve got legs, and I have wheels.”
People in wheelchairs are not stupid. They see every look and hear each word. Looking out at the faces, I finally understood: I was once just like them. I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated. I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.
文章讲述的是作者以前看不起那些坐在轮椅上的残疾人,后来自己因为低血压也坐上了轮椅,轮椅上的他备受路人和小孩的异样目光。通过故事讲述,作者深刻认识到“有些有着健全双脚的人才是真正的残疾人”。文章划线的三个段落生动地描述了作者坐轮椅上街的情境和感受。教学时,教师可以让学生以这三个段落内容为背景,把本部分的内容表演出来。步骤为:①确定学习小组,每组4-8人。②明确角色,一个学生扮演“father”(父亲),另一个学生扮演“I”(作者),其他的同学有的扮演”little kids”(小孩),有的扮演街上的”people”(路人)。③各组同学根据阅读理解文章“剧本”,写下自己的台词,想象每个角色的动作和表情,模拟划线部分所描绘的场景并进行排练。④抽取2-3组同学上台表演,展示小组合作表演成果。
二、活用英语阅读理解文章,提高学生英语写作能力和听说能力
阅读理解文章是作者与读者交流互动的平台,通过这个平台,我们不仅可以了解世界各地方方面面的知识,还可以了解、体会作者在一篇篇文章中渗透的观点和态度。教学中,教师布置学生写完阅读理解题后,根据阅读理解文章中的一个单词、一个场景、一个观点或任何与文章有关的话题,提炼出丰富多彩的写作任务,让学生阅读完文章后进一步打开思维,培养学生的写作能力。以上文提到的阅读文章为例,我们可以提出以下一些话题让学生进行笔头训练,提高写作能力。如:①Have you ever seen any disabled person in the street?Please describe what you saw at the scene.②What can we do to help a disabled person?③If you were in wheelchairs one day, how would you live your life?...
开放而贴近生活的问题有利于打开学生的思维,让学生在写作时言之有物,这样的写作练习不仅加深了学生对原文的理解,还能让学生进行了形式多样的写作训练。学生完成写作后,教师可以指导学生进行同伴间的分享活动。先由一学生根据自己所写内容用英语讲述自己的观点和看法,另一学生倾听,以此进行听力训练,然后交替,这种方式不但训练了学生的写作能力,还锻炼了学生的听、说能力,一举两得。
三、活用英语阅读理解文章,巩固和扩大学生的基础知识
新课程标准指出,高中英语教学要在义务教育的基础上巩固和扩大基础知识。学生基础知识从哪来?一是从课本中来,二是从平时的练习中来。平时训练遇到的英语阅读理解文章是课本教材的有力补充,它涵盖了丰富的语言知识和语法知识。教学中,完成阅读理解题后,教师可以指导学生积累和收集这些知识,巩固和扩大基础知识。以上文提到的阅读文章为例,学生可以在文章中学到或复习到以下一些比较重要的基础知识,如:
1.单词:determination, faint。
2.短语:felt sorry for, get around, business suits, due to, stared at, treat me differently.
3.句子和语法现象:
(1)Feeling (非谓语动词)the colour burn my cheeks, I asked him to wheel(名词转化为动词) that thing right back to where he found it.
(2)Then they would look away, maybe because they thought the sooner they forgot me the better.(The +adj/adv比较级,The +adj/adv比较级)
四、活用英语阅读理解文章,提高学生自身素质
课堂教学不但要学习知识,更要关注学生的情感态度,教师要抓住一切时机对学生进行素质教育,让学生“成人”。有的英语英语阅读理解文章渗透了许多作者对人生、对生活、对世界等方面的看法,它们传递着素质教育的正能量,是对学生进行素质教育的最佳切入点。以上文提到的阅读文章为例,文章最后一段作者感悟:I was once just like them. I treated people in wheelchairs exactly the way they did not want to be treated. I realized it is some of us with two healthy legs who are truly disabled.字里行间,作者告诉了我们一个道理:“dont do to others what you would not like others to do to you.(己所不欲勿施于人)”。教学时,学生完成阅读理解选做题后,教师适时地向学生提出这一为人处事的道理,教育教学事半功倍。
综上所述,英语阅读理解文章主要用于提高学生阅读理解能力,但活用这些文章,教师可以指导学生开展交际能力、写作能力、听说能力的训练,可以利用阅读理解文章夯实学生的基础知识,提高学生的综合素质。因此,要求教师对阅读文章有很好的洞察力,善于抓取信息并寻找开展各种训练的切入点和突破口。
(责编 韦春艳)