Module 11 单元点拨

2013-04-29杨定生康传桂

中学课程辅导·高考版 2013年1期

关键词：反义词状语主语

杨定生康传桂

Unit 1

1. A firefighter rescuespeoplefromfires. （P.1）消防队员从火场里救人。

【点拨】 rescue 意为“援救；营救；挽救”，其后接from...时，意为“从……挽救某人”。

如：He rescued three children from the burning building. 他从失火的建筑物内救出了三个孩子。

The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship. 救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。

其他含有from的短语：

protect...from 保护……免于

separate...from 把……与……分离

steal...from... 从……偷……

save...from 从……救

discourage...from 劝阻……做

disable...from 使……不能做

prevent / stop / keep...from 阻止……做

2.When choosinga career， you should consider all the aspects of a job. （L.6， P.2）当你选择职业时，你应该考虑这份工作的方方面面。

【点拨】 When choosing a career，是不完整的状语从句，= When you are choosing a career，

在状语从句中，当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致或从句的主语为it，并且含有be动词时，可将状语从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，从而使语言更加简洁。这种不完整的状语从句常见于时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中。

如： While （I was） at college， I began to know him， a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。

Before leaving，（=Before you leave）， turn off all the lights. 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。

Put in articles wherever （it is） necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。

He will come if （he is） asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。

She has finished the work earlier than （it has been） expected. 她这项工作比预料的提前完成。

3. Some jobs mayseemvery dull but are very important to society， while others canappearvery exciting but are actually very difficult and boring. （L.6， P.2）一些工作可能看起来很令人振奋，但实际上却很难做，甚至很无聊。

【点拨】 1）seem连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，常见用法现归纳如下：

①主语 + seem + （to be） + 表语：

如：Tom seems （to be） a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。

Mr. Black seemed to be quite happy. 布莱克先生好像十分快乐。

②主语+ seem + to do sth.：

如：The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。

③It seems + that从句：

如：It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。

It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not come again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。

④There + seem （to be） +名词：

如：There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。

There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。

2）注意区别：appear， seem， look，均有“好象，看起来象”之意，但：appear 是指根据事物的外在表象做出判断的，但实质上并不一定如此：

如：They are also under huge pressureto appear young and beautiful. （L.17-18，P.2）

为了使自己显得年轻漂亮，他们也承受着巨大的压力（可能已经不年轻漂亮了）。

seem是表示说话人主观上的判断，暗含有一定的根据，往往接近事实的判断；

如：He seems quite strong.（的确他身体很强壮。）

look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断，实质上也可能如此。

如：He looks quite strong. （可能他身体很强壮。）

4.Meanwhile， those who are successful and famous have to deal with constant media attention. （L.15， p.2）同时，那些成功并出名的人还必须应对无休止的媒体的关注。

【点拨】 meanwhile 意为“与此同时”，并列关系，常含有“递进”之意。

He is a good husband； meanwhile he is also a good father. 他是一个好丈夫，同时还是一个好父亲。

5. Many peoplehave ambitions to becomesuccessful as a lawyer or business person， ... （L.23， P.2）许多人雄心勃勃，要成为成功的律师或者商界人士，……

【点拨】 have an ambition for sth. / to do sth. / of doing sth. 意为“想得到……；想做……的；渴望、渴求……”该句还可说成be ambitious for sth. / to do sth.。

如：Shes an ambition to become a doctor. 她有远大的抱负要成为一名医生。

She is ambitious for fame / to win fame. 她满怀野心想要成名。

They were very ambitious for their children. 他们望子成龙心切。

“某人实现其抱负/理想”可用 achieve / fulfill / realize ones ambition

如： She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer. 她一直未能实现当名作家的夙愿。

6. All of them together，though， help society function. （L.49， P.3）然而，所有这些工作加在一起，却有助于社会运作。

【点拨】 though 连接词意为“虽然；尽管”

如：Though he is rich， his life is not happy. 他虽然很有钱，但生活并不幸福。

副词，意为“然而，还是”，在口语中可以置于句尾或插入句中。

如：Theres no excuse， though， for hurting her feelings. 伤到她的感情一事，还是不可原谅。

It was a hard job， he took it though. 虽然这项工作很累，他还是接受了。

7. These peopletake great pleasure ininfluencing and persuading others， or leading and managing an organization. （L.51， P.15）

【点拨】 take great pleasure in ... 意为“从……中得到乐趣”。

Not only can we take pleasure in living in society， but we can also enjoy society by contributing to it. 我们不仅从生活在社会上得到快乐，同时也在贡献社会时享受了社会的温暖。

He takes no pleasure in his work. 他从他的工作中的不到丝毫乐趣。

由 pleasure构成的短语：with pleasure 愉快地，高兴地，十分愿意：

如：—Will you lend me the book？ ——把书借给我好吗？

—With pleasure. ——非常愿意。

He listened with pleasure to the beautiful music. 他陶醉在美妙的音乐中。

for pleasure 为了取乐：

如：Do you learn English for pleasure or for your work？你学英语是出于兴趣还是为了工作？

at （ones） pleasure根据某人的意愿；随便：

如：You are free to come and go at your pleasure. 来去自由，悉听尊便。

8. These people are good at administration， like to work with data and can carry out tasks or follow other peoples instructions. （L.57， P.15）这些人长于管理，喜欢处理数据，完成任务，或按照别人的指示去做。

【点拨】 carry out实施（计划）；履行（义务、约定）；进行（实验）；搬出等，如：

No matter what difficulty you will meet with， carry out your plan. 不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。

She had finally carried out her promise to quit smoking. 她最终实现了戒烟的诺言。

Would you please carry the chair out into the garden？请你把椅子搬到院子去好吗？

由carry构成的短语：

carry about... 随身携带……

carry away... 冲走，带走，吸引（某人）

carry back... 送回，使（某人）回忆起……

carry... into effect / practice 执行，实行，实现，完成……

carry off... 带走，叼走，夺去……；获得（奖品）

carry on... 坚持，继续，进行……

carry out... 贯彻，执行，实施，完成……

carry through... 坚持到底，进行到底，贯彻，完成……

carry over... 使……继续下去；接替，继承……

Unit 2

1. Before we go any farther， its important to understand what an interview is and why its arranged.（L.4， P.18）在我们进一步讨论之前，重要的是你得明白什么是面试以及为什么要安排面试。

【点拨】 1）any farther， any 用于比较级前，以加强语气说明程度。

如：Are you feeling any better？你今天好点了吗？

If I were any younger， Id travel around the world. 我若年轻些，我就去环游世界。

2）arrange 的用法：

①arrange sth. 意为“整理”；“安排”、“准备”，如：We must arrange the room before the guests arrive. 我们必须在客人到达前整理好房间。

Call up and arrange （for） a taxi， please. 请打电话安排一部出租车。

Mother arranged an appointment for me with the dentist. 母亲替我向牙医预约挂号。

②arrange to do sth. 安排做某事，如：I arranged to meet him at 6 oclock. 我约定与他6点钟见面。

③arrange for sb. to do sth.“安排某人做某事”，如：Ive arranged for him to meet her. 我已安排他跟她见面了。

④arrange + that-从句，从句谓语通常用should，但有时也可用将来时态，如：They arranged that the meeting （should） be put off to Saturday. 他们安排把会议推迟到星期六.

2. We cansplitthe interview processintothree parts： first，... （L.11， P.18）我们可以将整个面试过程分为三部分：第一，……

【点拨】 split ... into 意为“把……分为……”（相当于divide... into...），如：The department will split into different groups. 该部门会被分成不同的小组。

My working life is split into three main parts. 我的工作生活可以分成三个主要部分。

3. This is thekey to gettingthe job you want. （L.13， P.18）这也是你得到你理想的工作的关键。

【点拨】名词key意为“钥匙；答案；关键”等，后需接to sth. 或doing sth.

如：Which is the key to the front door？哪一把钥匙是前门的钥匙？

Do you know the key to the problem？你知道这道题的答案吗？

The driver of the car probably holds the key to solving the crime. 这位汽车司机很可能掌握破获这一罪案的关键证据。

4. A good interviewer is able totellvery quickly if youvedone your homeworkabout the company， ... （L.14， P.18）好的面试官能够很快地判断出你是否为了解该公司而做了充分的准备，……

【点拨】 1）动词tell 意为“辨别；指出；识别；辨别”，如：I really cant tell which is which. 我实在看不出哪个是哪个。

I cant tell the twin girls apart. 我分不清这两个双胞胎的女孩子。

短语tell ... apart，意为“把……区别开”。

Can you tell the twin sisters apart？你分得清这两个孪生姐妹吗？

短语 tell A from B意为“区分A和B”，如：It is sometimes hard to tell one twin from the other. 双胞胎有时很难分辨。

2）do ones homework （= work that sb. does to prepare for sth.）意为“准备工作”

如：You could tell that he had really done his homework. 你能看得出他确实做好了充分的准备。

5. Dont worry abouthaving butterflies in your stomachbefore the interview. （L.20， P.18）不要担心在面试前你会紧张。

【点拨】习语have butterflies in ones stomach 意为“由于害怕而紧张或觉得不舒服”（相当于汉语里“（由于紧张）心里七上八下的”，如：He had butterflies in his stomach the morning of his wedding. 结婚的那天早上，他心里一直七上八下的。

Many young graduates have butterflies in their stomachs before interviewers. 许多年轻的大学毕业生在面试官面前很紧张。

6. sotheres no need tobe afraid. （L.22， P.18）没有必要害怕。

【点拨】 there is no need to do sth. / there is no need for sb. to do sth. （某人）没有必要做某事为一常用句型。

如：Theres no need to cover such a long distance. 没必要走那么远的距离。

Theres no need for me to break the window because I have the key. 我没必要打破窗户因为我有钥匙。

也可以单独使用：Theres no need. 没有必要。

7. This is not onlya polite gesture of，but alsoa final chance to sell yourself to the company. （L.50， P.19）这不仅仅是一种礼貌的表现，也是你向该公司推销自己的最后一个机会。

【点拨】 not only...but also... 意为“不仅……而且……”，在该句中连接两个并列的表语。他们还可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等，如：Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony. 不仅你而且她也得参加典礼。

The nurse was not only competent （能干的）but also kind. 这位护士不仅能干而且亲切和蔼。

They not only broke into his office and stole his books， but also tore up his manuscripts. 他们不仅闯进他的办公室，偷走了他的书，而且还撕掉了他的手稿。

Not only...but also... 还可以连接两个并列句，但第一个并列句要倒装。

Not only was everything Albert Einstein had taken away but also his citizenship was deprived of. 爱因斯坦的财产不仅被掳掠一空，而且他的德国国籍也被剥夺了。

8. Ifeel likeI reallymade a differenceand helped conserve the rainforest. （L.24， P.30）我觉得我真的起了作用，帮助保护了雨林

【点拨】 1）feel like常见用法：

①feel like + 反身代词，意为“感到舒适；感觉身体好”，like可省略。如：Im not feeling myself today. 我今天感觉不舒服。

②feel like + sth. / doing sth.，意为“想/想做……”，如：I feel like a rest after the long journey. 长途旅行后我想休息一下。

She really feels like having a talk with him about his study at school. 她的确想和他谈一下他在学校的学习情况。

I dont feel like eating anything now. 我现在什么都不想吃。

③feel like + 从句，意为“觉得好像是……”。如：He feels like that he has never been to such a place. 他感觉好像从未到过这样一个地方。

2）短语make a difference to ... 意为“对……有作用；有关系；有影响”，常见于：make some difference 有一些影响/关系；make great / much / a lot of / big difference 有大的影响/关系；make no difference 没有影响/关系；make little difference 几乎没有什么影响/关系；如：It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 不管他去不去，对我没有影响。

The rain didnt make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有多大的影响。

Unit 3

1.As a result， he began designing and making things when he was very young. （L.4， P.34）因此，他很小的时候就开始设计和制造东西了。

Sinclairs reputation sufferedas a result， but he is still respected for his earlier success. （L.42， P．35）结果辛科莱的声誉受到了影响，但仍然因为早期的成功受到尊敬。

【点拨】 as a result 意为“因此；结果；从而；所以”；如：As a result， the engine receives more air more quickly and accelerates more dynamically. 这样，发动机将更快地获得更多的空气，从而使加速更有力。

He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday. As a result， he had to be away from school for two or three months. 昨天他从自行车上摔下来跌伤了腿，因此，他不得不休学两三个月。

As a result， the discussion was put off till the following week. 结果，讨论被推迟到下个礼拜。

【拓展1】 as a result和as a result of的区别。

as a result of... 意为“因为……”；“由于……”（= because of）用来作原因状语。如：He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致。

As a result of his hard work， he passed the exam easily. 由于他学习勤奋，考试很容易就过关了。

Transportation of goods were suspended as a result of bad weather. 货运由于天气原因暂停了。

as a result 单独使用，后面一般用逗号隔开，并且不能连结2个句子。

He worked hard at his study. As a result， he passed the exam easily. 他学习勤奋，所以，考试很容易就过关了。

【拓展2】 result in和result from的区别。

result in ... 意为“导致……”；“引起……的结果”。如：

The bad weather resulted in traffic jam. 坏天气导致了交通阻塞。

Our efforts resulted in success. 我们的努力终于成功了。

The accident resulted in three deaths. 这事故导致三人丧生。

result from... 意为“因……而产生”；“由……而造成”；“起因于……”，如：

The traffic jam resulted from bad weather. 交通阻塞是由于坏天气造成的。

His illness resulted from bad food. 他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。

Success results from hard work. 成功来自努力的工作。

2. However， the man providing the money to start the company pulled out of the project at the last minute， and Sinclair had to get a job as a technical editor tosupporthimself. （L．13， P.34）

然而，出钱创办公司的人在最后一刻撤资，辛科莱不得不找了一份技术编辑的工作来养活自己。

【点拨】 support himself意为“养活自己，支撑”；如：We must work hard in order for us to support ourselves in the future. 我们应该好好学习以便将来我们能养活我们自己。

She stood up， supporting herself on the arms of the chair. 她用椅子的扶手支撑自己站了起来。

【归纳】 support的用法。

A：用作动词。

Bill had to support Jill or she would have fallen to the floor. 比尔托住了杰尔，否则她会掉到地板上。

Its difficult for him to support himself on such a small salary. 他拿这点工资很难维持自己的生活。

He stole from his mothers savings to support his drug habit. 他偷了他的母亲的储蓄来支持他的用药习惯。

His family supported him in his decision. 他家里都赞成他的决定。

These results support my original idea. 这些结果支持了我原来的想法。

B：用作名词。

If you dont put a support under that roof， it will fall down. 如果你不把屋顶用东西支撑一下，会掉下来的。

I am the only support of my family. 我是家里唯一的支柱。

I thought Id come and give you a little moral support. 我应该过来给你一点道义上的支柱。

C：关于support习惯用语和结构。

1）in support of支持，证明（作状语）

He even made some experiments in support of his views. 他甚至做了一些实验来证明他的观点。

2）come to ones support来支持某人

Would you come to my support？你来支持我吗？

3）support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人

We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime. 我们全心全意地支持警方的工作以打击犯罪。

3. When his company finally began production and put out advertisements for his radio， demand was high and the business simply took off. （L．16， P.34）

当他的公司最终开始生产，并贴出收音机广告时，需求巨大，生意快速取得了成功。

【点拨1】 put out的意思是“关（灯）；出版，发布；伸出；生产；激怒；扑灭；努力”，如：

Our first aircraft carrier put out through the waves last weekend. 我国第一艘航母上个周末破浪驶离海岸。

Its rude to put out your tongues at people. 对人吐舌头是不礼貌的。

The government will put out a new statement tomorrow. 政府将于明天发布一项新声明。

These clothes should be put out to air on a sunny day. 这些衣服好天儿要拿出去晒晒.

They were so old； they should have been put out to pasture years ago. 他们如此年迈，多年前就该叫他们退休了。

As the spring is coming， all the trees are beginning to put out green buds. 春天来了，树木都开始吐出绿色的嫩芽。

但put out of的意思是“退出”，如：He had to put out of the football team only because of his hurt ankle. 他退出了足球队只因为他的脚踝受伤。

【归纳1】关于动词put的其他短语。

put across 解释清楚，使被理解；put aside 保留；暂不考虑；put away 放好，收好；put back 恢复正常；把……放回原处；put down 记下；put forward 提出（要求、事实等）；put in 花费，付出；正式提出，申请；put into effect 实行，生效；put into operation 实施，使生效，使运行；put into practice 实施，实行；put off 推迟，推延；阻止，劝阻；put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加（体重）；put up 建造；张贴；提高；投宿；提出；put up with 容忍，忍受

【点拨2】 take off的意思是“成功，腾飞；走红”。如：They need to expand the number of scientists who are involved if the schemes going to really take off. 这个方案要想真正成功，他们就需要增加参与的科学家的人数。

In 2012， he met a famous singer， and his career took off. 2012年，他结识了一位著名的歌星，从此他的事业开始腾飞。

【归纳2】 take off的其他意思是“脱下（衣裳等），解（拿）掉；（指飞机等）起飞；（指观念、产品等）突然大受欢迎；（指产品的销售量）急增”；如：He took off his wet shoes. 他脱下了浸湿的鞋子。

He took off his hat and bowed as he passed. 他经过时脱帽鞠躬。

The plane took off despite the fog. 尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。

The new dictionary has really taken off. 这部新词典极受欢迎。

This was the moment when Mr. Huangs career really took off. 这就是黄先生事业腾飞的契机。

【点拨3】句中demand是名词，意思是“需求”。如：There is a growing demand in China for environmentally friendly cars. 中国对环保型汽车的需求越来越大。

【归纳3】 demand的动词用法。

demand的动词意为“要求”、“需求”，通常为及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、不定式、that从句（从句谓语通常为虚拟的）。如：The workers also demanded higher wages. 工人们还要求提高工资。

She demanded to see the editors. 她要求见编辑。

They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求每个成年人都应有选举权。

【拓展】 demand可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的复合结构，若意义上需要这类结构，可换成that从句或在demand后接of。如：他要求她同我们一起去。

误：He demanded her to go with us.

正：He demanded that she （should） go with us.

正：He demanded of her to go with us.

4. I considermy father to be the most important person in my life. （L.1， P.46）我认为我父亲是我生命中最重要的人。

【点拨】 consider及物动词。

A.意为“考虑，细想”，后接sth． / v-ing / wh- to do / 从句，如：Were considering moving to Nanjing. 我们考虑搬往南京。

Please take time to consider the problem. 请仔细考虑一下这个问题。

Ive begun to consider what to do next. 我已在考虑下一步该怎么办。

Have you considered that he is only a little boy？你有没有考虑到他仅仅是个小孩？

His health is good if you consider his age. 如果你考虑到他的年纪，他的健康状况就算良好了。

B.认为；把……视为，后接（to be） + 名词或形容词 / that-从句，如：Jean considered herself （to be） very lucky. 琼认为自己非常幸运。

We consider that he is a good teacher. 我们认为他是好老师。

5.Rather， what I value about my father is the care and love he shows for me and my family. （L.3，P.46）更确切地说，我觉得父亲最重要的是他给我和家庭的关心和爱。

【点拨】 rather是副词，（有时与or连用），对前面的叙述，起进一步解释说明的作用。如：

Mary worked as a secretary， or rather， a personal assistant. 玛丽当了秘书，确切地讲，是私人助理。

Ill meet him， or rather Ill ask him to meet me. 我要会见他，或更确切地说，我要他来会见我。

He left late last night， or rather early this morning. 他昨夜很晚，或者应该说是今天一大早才走。

6. My father has been successful as he never shrinksfrom helping others. （L．39， P.47）我的父亲是成功的，因为在帮助别人时他从不退缩。

【点拨】句中shrink意思是“退缩”的意思，词组shrink from doing something 回避困难，如：No one could shrink from giving a hand to the injuried in face of the terrible car accidents. 面对可怕的车祸，大家都伸出援助之手，帮助那些受伤的人。

【拓展】动词shrink还有“缩水，缩小”的意思。如：My new T-shirt cannot be washed in the washing machine， or it will shrink.我的新T恤衫不可以用洗衣机洗，不然它会缩水的。

Unit 4

1.AlthoughI knew everybody has to leave the nest at some point， leaving my family was the hardest part， ... （L.23， P.50）虽然我知道每个人到了一定的时候都得离开家，但对我而言离开家是最痛苦的，……

【点拨】短语at some point中的point为名词，即可指（时间的）“点，时刻”；也可指（场所，空间的）“点；地点”；本课中at some point意为“在某一个时刻、阶段；关头”，如：Many people suffer from mental illness at some point in their lives. 许多人在人生的某个阶段都会得精神病。

This bus stops at no points between the airport and the hotel. 这部公共汽车往返于机场和宾馆之间，中途不停。

【拓展】在复合句中，如先行词是point，常用where引导定语从句。如：I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。

We are just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们双方坐下来谈谈，就是想达成共识。

【归纳】与point构成的短语。

point out意为“指出，使注意”，后面可接名词，也可接从句作宾语。如：The teacher pointed out the mistakes in the composition．老师指出了这篇作文中的错误。

He pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil. 他指出在土壤里播种以前先除杂草的重要性。

point to意为“指向”，强调方向，并不是指着该物体。而 point at 表示“指着某一物体，指人时一般表示粗鲁或不礼貌”。如：He pointed to the door and there I saw a girl smiling at me. 他指向门，我发现那里有一位姑娘朝我微笑着。

The teacher pointed at the map and told me where Britain was. 老师指着地图告诉我英国的位置。

to the point意思“切题”；如：

His talk is short but quite to the point. 他的发言简洁切题。

2. Now Iam getting usedto Canadian food， and believe it or not， my new favorite food is pepper steak. （L.43， P.50）现在我已经习惯了加拿大的食物，不管你信不信，我最喜爱的食物是青椒薄牛排。

【点拨1】短语get used to 意为“习惯于…… （= be used to）”，后接sth. 或doing sth.；如：Youll get used to your new job. 你很快就会习惯新工作的。

be getting used to... 渐渐习惯于……；如：

Im getting used to have a cup of coffee before my work. 我渐渐习惯了在工作前来一杯咖啡。

I am getting used to the life here. 我正慢慢习惯这里的生活。

【点拨2】 believe it or not 是口语里常用的省略的句子（Whether you） believe it or not. 意思是“无论／不管你相不相信”或者“信不信由你”，该句用来引出让人惊讶的事情。如：And believe it or not， it is all made of old auto parts. 也许你都不敢相信，这个机器人完全是由旧的汽车部件拼成的！

Believe it or not， I didnt get into trouble for being late for class today. 信不信由你，我今天上课迟到了，但没受罚。

3.Beneaththe arches of Zhenhua， we have over 11，500 students. （L．22， P.62）

在振华的校园里，我们有11500多名学生。

【点拨】句中beneath the arches of Zhenhua的本意是“在振华大学的拱门之下”，这里指这所学校。beneath在这里当介词讲，意思是“在……下方”；“被……覆盖”；如：She has a lot of sympathy with those beneath her. 她十分同情那些地位比她低下的人。

The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow. 大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。

The submarine is waiting， far beneath the ship. 潜艇远远地在那艘船下面等着。

【辨析】 beneath与below和under等区别及反义词。

这三个词都有“在……下”的意思，但它们的用法和反义词不同。

1）below：不垂直不接触，反义词above；指处于比某物低的位置，不一定在某物的正下方；如：Write your name below the line. 在线下写上你的名字。

We are below the moon. 我们在月下。

2）under：垂直不接触，反义词over；有时可与below通用，但它指处于某物的正下方，如：

He stood under a tree. 他站在树下。

The cat was under the table. 猫在桌子下面。

3）beneath：书面语，接触，反义词on；相当于below，尤其相当于under。但这是旧用法或文学用语，现在很少用。如：

Children are playing beneath the window. 孩子们在窗子下面游戏。

The letter was pushed underneath the carpet. 信被推到地毯下。