用归纳概括法突破英语阅读的难点

王斌

每年高考后，在分析考生阅读理解方面的情况时，我们发现，信息点比较单一的题目的答对率较高，然而，信息点较多、较散的题目的答对率较低。其原因主要是考生对信息点的归纳和概括的能力不强所致。所以我们在备考过程中要培养归纳和概括的能力，并用归纳和概括的方法来突破英语阅读理解的难点问题。

一、用归纳概括法突破英语阅读细节题难点

40. What made David change？（2013广东阅读C篇）

A. His teachers help.

B. The authors friendship.

C. His exchange of letters with the author.

D. The authors silent communication with him.

信息点：I suggested we play a game of chess；After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon — in complete silence and without looking at me；...

But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person；After that day， David started talking...Now he had really started to live his own life.

由以上信息点可以归纳为作者在与David下棋过程中通过无声的交流改变了David。所以答案选D。

32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _____________.（2011广东阅读B）

A. they are cold to each other

B. they look away from each other

C. they misunderstood each others signals

D. they are introduced at an early age

信息点：...while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.

由劃线部分的信息点可知相同的肢体语言对猫和狗来说意味不同，同一转过头去这一肢体动作对猫来说表达敌意；对狗来说表达顺从。由此可归纳为彼此的“文化差异”导致误解，从而产生矛盾。所以答案选C。

二、用归纳概括法突破英语阅读推理题难点

39. What can be inferred about David？ （2013广东阅读C篇）

A. He recovered after months of treatment.

B. He liked biking before he lost his family.

C. He went into university soon after starting to talk.

D. He got friends in school before he met the author.

信息点：Some months later，...he looked up at me suddenly. “Its your turn，”he said.

After that day， David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends， and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.

由划线部分的信息点David started talking； got friends...； wrote to me about...可以归纳为他改变了或者恢复了。作者是心理学家，对David的问题进行治疗。所以答案选A。

40. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop， hoping _________.（2012广东阅读C）

A. to find people there

B. to find more buses there

C. to find the bus by herself there

D. to find people more helpful there

信息点：But at this particular evening no one joined me at the stop； it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass， or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself， I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.

由划线部分的信息点可以归纳为当时没有人与她一同等车，她怕叫停车出错从而使自己难堪。这样归纳后就可以知道她到下一站是看看有没有人帮忙。所以答案选A。

54. From Paragraph 5，we can learn that_________.（2010广东阅读C）

A. mushrooms should not be eaten

B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood

C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals

D. different types of food should be handled differently

信息点：When people handle food properly， the risk of food poisoning is very small...Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it...

劃线部分的信息点Food should be kept in a refrigerator...；Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly...； People should also wash food covered with chemicals...； 是对一些食物的处理方法。由此可以归纳为为了防止食物中毒，对不同食物有不同的方法。所以答案选D。

三、用归纳概括法突破英语阅读主旨题难点

31. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about __________.（2013广东阅读B篇）

A. the reasons for success

B. the meaning of success

C. the standards of success

D. the importance of success

信息点：Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family， and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck， talent， and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence， and thats just the reality of how life is.

由划线部分的信息点可以归纳为文中的“运气”“天赋”“家庭环境”等都是指一些成功的因素，我们把四个答案进行对比就知道答案选A。

35. What is the main theme of the passage？ （2013广东阅读B篇）

A. Having a goal is vital to success.

B. Being good is different from being great.

C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.

D. Luck， talent and family help to achieve success.

信息点：...However， to succeed in life，...one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things， itll require even more time， time that most people wont put in...

Whatever you do，...you need to work day in and day out， almost to the point of addiction， and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work， dont expect to receive any rewards.

在议论文中，However后引出的句子一般是文章的观点，最后一段通常是观点的强调段。由划线部分的信息点可以概括为要成功就要付出时间和努力训练，没有努力训练和时间的付出就不会成功。

总之，在阅读理解方面遇到信息点较多、较散的题目时，我们要运用归纳和概括的方法来解决它们，从而达到理想的效果。

（作者单位：广宁县第一中学）

责任编校 蒋小青