v—ing形式信息点在解答阅读理解题中的作用

杨剑敏

我们在备考的时候或者指导考生阅读技巧的时候，常常关注题型，如主旨大意题、细节理解题等，但是我们常常忽略题型背后涉及运用的语言知识，包括句子结构（syntax）、语法、语篇特色等，而其中对语法在阅读理解中的重要性可能更加被忽视。我们传统的观念是语法学习就是用以解答语法题，但事实上语法知识的运用对语篇的精准理解有着举足轻重的作用，其中对v-ing形式短语的准确理解有助于准确解答阅读理解题。

纵观近年广东高考阅读理解题，涉及对v-ing形式短语的理解题的题所占比例较大。2011年有8个小题（33，34，36， 37， 39， 40，41，42），2012年有3个小题（35， 36，38），2013 年有5个。 请看2013年的5个小题：

[例题一]A 篇27题

27. What can be inferred about Toms mother？

A. She was a rich lady.

B. She refused Toms request.

C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.

D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.

考生要找的对应语篇和信息点是A篇第三段第三、四句Hearing this， the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume（戏装）， finally she agreed.

句中包含Hearing this這个v-ing形式短语，该短语在句中作状语，同时也起着承接上文“Maybe I could go as Superman，” he whispered to his mom，这个分词是一个信息标志，帮助考生快速准确地找到题项对应信息。再联系hesitate， had avoided buying， agreed这一连串的动词，不难得出答案D。

[例题二]A 篇28题

28. When Tom went for the third operation，he .

A. pretended to be painful

B. acted like a superhero

C. appeared in poor spirits

D. argued with his mother

考生要找的对应的信息点是A 篇第四段第一句Tom appeared as the powerful Superman， showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way可知，他的行为就像是一个超人。

句中showing off， waving his hand都是v-ing形式作伴随状语，greeting him是一个v-ing形式短语作定语，修饰the people，这些v-ing分词短语栩栩如生地描写和勾勒了一个非常乐观自信的小男孩形象，答案很明显是B，这是对v-ing形式掌握的另一个层次考查——考生应该读出言外之声和形外之意。

[例题三]B篇34题

34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4？

A. Successful people like to show their great skills.

B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.

C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life.

D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.

考生要找的对应信息点是由第四段：When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success，you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent， but thinking that way does you no good，and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway。

在when引导的时间状语从句中，exhibiting...or having...是v-ing形式短语作宾语补足语，exhibiting（显示出，表现出）与like to show（喜欢表现）不是同一概念，排除选项A；由they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost可知选项C中的at the cost of life将范围扩大了，可排除。第二句是一个并列句， 前一个分句用了it 作形式主语，后一个分句用了thinking that way这个v-ing形式短语作主语，考生要分清句子结构，不要以为这是一个状语；由and后面的分句里的chance 后的一个同位语从句可以直接得出本题的答案为选项B。

由此可见，要正确解答此题，考生在找到这两句话后，要理清句子结构，判断句子之间的逻辑关系，其中对v-ing形式以及从句的的良好掌握对于正确解题至关重要。

[例题四]C篇36题

36. When he first met the author， David

A. felt a little excited

B. walked energetically

C. looked a little nervous

D. showed up with his teacher

考生要找的对应信息点是第一段第三句He kept walking up and down restlessly， his face pale，and his hands shaking slightly， 句中划线部分是由“名词+v-ing形式”构成的独立主格结构，与之前列的his face pale是由“名词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构，两个独立主格作伴随状语，只需准确理解这两个独立主格结构的意思，就不难推出答案为选项C。

[例题五]D篇44题

44. Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _____.

A. checking the question answering speed

B. producing a large number of questions

C. scanning the Internet test question

D. giving difficult test question

解答这一题，考生要浏览最后两段，其中一个信息点是最后一段的第一句Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a range list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.本句中有两个跟在介词by后面的v-ing形式作宾语，第二个v-ing形式后面又跟了一个宾语从句，使得句式结构比较复杂，考生要抽丝剥茧才能找出答案A。

总之，由于v-ing形式構成的句子结构比较复杂，对其准确理解对正确解答阅读理解题非常重要。因此，备考老师和考生的应给予足够的重视。

（作者单位：广雅中学）

责任编校 蒋小青