团花树皮的化学成分研究
2011-11-24徐晓俞李尚真宋启示
徐晓俞,李尚真,宋启示*
1中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源开放实验室,昆明650223;2中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
团花树皮的化学成分研究
徐晓俞1,2,李尚真1,宋启示1*
1中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带植物资源开放实验室,昆明650223;2中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
采用硅胶、MCI和Sephadex LH-20层析方法对团花树皮的化学成分进行分离纯化,运用现代波谱技术鉴定了10个化合物:4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate(1),谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕榈酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),喹诺酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3),clethric acid(4),常春藤苷元(5),钩藤苷元C (6),morolic acid(7),咖啡酸甲酯(8),卡丹宾(9)和3α-二氢卡丹宾(10)。其中化合物1为一个新的酚性成分,化合物2~8首次从该属植物中分离得到。
树皮;化学成分;4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate
团花(Anthocephalus chinensis(Lam.)Rich.ex Walp.)别名黄梁木,为茜草科团花属植物。团花是常绿或落叶大乔木,是一种速生树种,生长非常迅速,10年左右即可成胸径40~50 cm的大径级木材,在1972年第七届世界林业会上,被称为“奇迹树”[1]。团花树皮在印度古医“阿优吠陀(Ayurvedo)”经中用于治疗蛇咬伤、解热退烧、发烧、贫血、霍乱等多种疾病[2]。经现代印度植物学家整理和研究,印度的传统医药及民间药中团花属植物可用于医学美容和治疗损容性皮肤病[3]。现在,随着对团花研究的不断深入,国内外学者报道了团花很多方面的生物活性,如抗氧化,降血糖和降血脂等多种活性[4]。国内外学者对团花的化学成分进行了大量研究,从团花的树皮、枝叶、根、种子等部分分离到50多种化合物,主要为三萜及其皂苷类、环烯醚萜类及生物碱类等成分[2,5-14]。
本文对团花树皮的化学成分进行了研究,分离鉴定了10种化合物,其中5种为三萜类成分,2种为生物碱类成分。分别为:4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate (1),谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕榈酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),喹诺酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3),clethric acid (4),常春藤苷元(5),钩藤苷元C(6),morolic acid (7),咖啡酸甲酯(8),卡丹宾(9)和3α-二氢卡丹宾(10)。其中化合物1为一个新的酚性成分,化合物2~8首次从该属植物中分离得到。
1 仪器与材料
熔点在XTRC-1显微熔点仪上测定;核磁共振谱用Bruker AV-400、DRX-500及AvanceⅢ-600超导核磁共振仪测定,内标为TMS;EI-MS用Waters AutoSpec Premier P776双聚焦三扇型磁质谱仪测定,ESI-MS用API QSTAR Pulsar液相四极杆飞行时间质谱仪测定。柱层析硅胶(200~300目)、薄层层析硅胶板(50 mm×100 mm)均为青岛海洋化工厂生产;反相柱色谱填料使用MCI;凝胶材料使用Sephadex LH-20。
团花树皮,2006年7月采集于西双版纳热带植物园,由中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园宋启示研究员鉴定为茜草科植物团花Anthocephalus chinensis L.的干燥树皮,凭证标本存放于中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园。
2 提取与分离
将团花树皮晒干,称重得250 kg,粉碎。用90%甲醇浸提,方法如下:加热回流提取3次,每次12 h,将所得提取液合并、过滤、减压蒸干,得甲醇浸膏共30 kg,本实验取用10 kg。将甲醇浸膏用水搅拌均匀后依次用石油醚、氯仿、正丁醇萃取,每种溶剂各萃取4次,分别得到石油醚部分130 g,氯仿部分334 g,正丁醇部分3143 g。将氯仿部分经硅胶柱(200~300目,3kg)层析,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,9∶1;8∶2;7∶3;6∶4;5∶5)梯度洗脱得到五个组份(Fr.1~Fr.5)。Fr.1再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,98∶2)梯度洗脱得到Fr.1.1,Fr.1.1再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,经Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)纯化,得到化合物7(138.8 mg),8(118.4 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,95∶5)梯度洗脱得到Fr.1.2,Fr.1.2再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,经Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇=1∶1)纯化,得到化合物4(608.6 mg),5(1710.3 mg),6(329.8 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/ v,92∶8)洗脱得到Fr.1.3,Fr.1.3再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,经Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇= 1∶1)纯化,得到化合物2(142.1 mg),3(403.1 mg)。Fr.2再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,85∶15)梯度洗脱得到Fr.2.1,Fr.2.1再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,经Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)纯化,得到化合物1(89.9 mg);以氯仿-甲醇(v/v,80∶20)洗脱得到Fr.2.2,Fr.2.2再上硅胶柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,经Sephadex LH-20(氯仿∶甲醇1∶1)纯化,得到化合物9(740.7 mg),10(142.1 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1 无色针状晶体(甲醇),ESI-MS:m/z 331[M-H]-,HRESI-MS:m/z 331.0814[M-H]-(C17H15O7,calc.331.0817)。计算其不饱和度为10。
表1 化合物1的1H和13C NMR数据(CD3OD,400 MHz)Table 1 1H and13C NMR data of 1 in CD3OD(400 MHz)
1H NMR低场区4个信号δH6.30、6.35、6.44和6.50,以及13C NMR低场区的14个信号δC97.8、108.3、110.2、114.9、116.0、116.7、139.9、144.4、154.3、160.5、161.6、164.6、168.3和175.9,提示分子中可能含有苯环(见表1)。根据HSQC谱,1H NMR谱中的δH3.81(3H,s)、2.32(3H,s)和2.61 (3H,s)分别对应于13C NMR谱中的δC56.4(q)、20.0(q)和23.6(q),为1个甲氧基和2个甲基信号。结合DEPT谱,13C NMR谱中的δC168.3(s),175.9(s)为两个羧基碳信号,其中δC168.3(s)的羧基被酯化;δC154.3、160.5、161.6和164.6为4个与含氧基团相连的季碳;分子中还有4个季碳信号δC139.9、144.4、114.9和116.7。根据DEPT、1H和13C NMR谱数据,结合分子不饱和度,可知化合物1应含有两个四取代的苯环。HMBC谱中显示δH2.32与δC139.9(s)、110.2(d)相关,δH2.61与δC116.0(d)、116.7(s)和144.4(s)相关,推断两个甲基分别连接在δC139.9(s)和144.4(s)上;δH3.81与δC160.5(s)的相关,提示甲氧基连在δC160.5(s)上;δH6.30和6.35分别与δC114.9(s)和168.3(s)相关,提示该羰基连接在δC114.9(s)上,而另一羰基δC175.9(s)则连接在δC116.7(s)上。综上所述,推断出化合物1的结构如图1所示,命名为 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate。
图1 化合物1的主要HMBC相关Fig.1 Key HMBC correlations of 1
化合物2 白色粉末(甲醇),mp.151~154℃,分子式为 C51H90O7。EI-MS:m/z 414[M-CH3(CH2)14COOC6H10O4]+,396[M-CH3(CH2)14COOC6H11O5]+,256[C16H32O2]+,239[C15H31CO]+,185,129,73。碎片峰中的系列峰与棕榈酸EI-MS图谱一致,显示含有棕榈酸。1H NMR (C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.49(1H,br s,H-6),4.95 (1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-1'),4.48(1H,br s,H-6'a),4.02(1H,br s,H-6'b),3.85(1H,m,H-3),2.59 (1H,t,J=11.6 Hz,H-2''),1.24~1.27(br s,(CH2)n),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.98(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),0.86(12H,br s,(CH3)4),0.65(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:37.7(t,C-1),28.6(t,C-2),80.7(d,C-3),39.5(t,C-4),141.1(s,C-5),121.8(d,C-6),32.1(t,C-7),32.1(d,C-8),50.4(d,C-9),36.9(s,C-10),21.4(t,C-11),39.5 (t,C-12),42.5(s,C-13),56.9(d,C-14),24.6(t,C-15),29.6(t,C-16),56.4(d,C-17),12.0(q,C-18),19.5(q,C-19),36.5(d,C-20),19.1(q,C-21),34.5 (t,C-22),26.4(t,C-23),46.1(d,C-24),29.6(d,C-25),20.0(q,C-26),19.5(q,C-27),23.4(t,C-28),12.2(q,C-29),173.6(s,C-1''),34.5(t,C-2''),25.4(t,C-3''),29.5~30.1(t,C-4''~C-13''),32.2 (t,C-14''),23.0(t,C-15''),14.3(q,C-16''),3-OGlu:100.8(d,C-1'),78.0(d,C-2'),79.8(d,C-3'),71.6(d,C-4'),74.8(d,C-5'),64.6(t,C-6')。根据以上数据鉴定化合物2为谷甾醇-3-O-(6'-O-棕榈酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷[15]。
化合物3 白色粉末(甲醇),mp.260~263℃,分子式为C36H56O9。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ: 5.61(1H,br s,H-12),4.71(1H,br s,H-1'),3.81 (1H,m,H-2'),3.72(1H,m,H-4'),3.69(1H,m,H-3'),3.64(1H,m,H-5'),3.05(1H,dd,J=11.3,4.5 Hz,H-3),2.24(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-18),1.23(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-6'),0.97(3H,s),0.91(3H,d,J= 6.0 Hz,H-29),0.91(3H,s),0.90(3H,s),0.89 (3H,s),0.78(3H,d,J=5.8 Hz,H-30);13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:39.8(t,C-1),26.6(t,C-2),90.3(d,C-3),37.8(s,C-4),56.6(d,C-5),19.4(t,C-6),37.9(t,C-7),39.9(s,C-8),48.0(d,C-9),39.9(s,C-10),23.8(t,C-11),130.4(d,C-12),133.8(s,C-13),57.2(s,C-14),26.4(t,C-15),25.7 (t,C-16),48.5(s,C-17),55.5(d,C-18),38.3(d,C-19),40.3(d,C-20),31.2(t,C-21),37.6(t,C-22),28.7(q,C-23),18.1(q,C-24),16.9(q,C-25),19.1(q,C-26),179.0(s,C-27),181.5(s,C-28),17.8(q,C-29),21.5(q,C-30),3-O-Rha:104.3(d,C-1'),72.5(d,C-2'),72.4(d,C-3'),74.1(d,C-4'),69.9(d,C-5'),17.0(q,C-6')。以上数据与文献报道[16]一致,故化合物3鉴定为喹诺酸-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷。
化合物4 无色针状结晶(甲醇),mp.284~287℃,分子式为C30H48O6。1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.60(1H,m,H-12),4.38(1H,m,H-3),4.86(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-23a),4.64(1H,d,J= 11.28 Hz,H-24),4.23(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-23b),3.96(1H,d,J=11.28 Hz,H-24),3.04(1H,s,H-18),1.77(3H,s,H-26),1.42(3H,s,H-27),1.10 (3H,s,H-25),1.09(3H,s,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-30);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:38.9(t,C-1),28.2(t,C-2),74.4(d,C-3),47.0(s,C-4),48.0(d,C-5),19.4(t,C-6),33.7(t,C-7),40.4(s,C-8),48.3(d,C-9),37.0(s,C-10),24.3(t,C-11),128.0 (d,C-12),140.0(s,C-13),42.1(s,C-14),29.3(t,C-15),26.4(t,C-16),48.6(s,C-17),54.6(d,C-18),72.7(d,C-19),42.4(d,C-20),27.0(t,C-21),38.5(t,C-22),63.5(t,C-23),63.3(t,C-24),16.0 (q,C-25),17.1(q,C-26),24.7(q,C-27),180.7(s,C-28),27.1(q,C-29),16.8(q,C-30)。以上数据与文献报道[17]基本一致,故化合物4鉴定为clethric acid。
化合物5 无色针状晶体(甲醇),mp.332~334℃,分子式为 C30H48O4。1H NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:5.48(1H,br s,H-12),4.22(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-3),4.19(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23a),3.71 (1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23b),3.29(1H,dd,J= 13.8,3.9 Hz,H-5),1.22(3H,s,H-24),1.04(3H,s,H-25),1.03(3H,s,H-26),0.99(3H,s,H-27),0.96 (3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-30);13C NMR (C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:38.8(t,C-1),27.7(t,C-2),73.5(d,C-3),42.9(s,C-4),48.7(d,C-5),18.6(t,C-6),33.0(t,C-7),39.8(s,C-8),48.2(d,C-9),37.3(s,C-10),23.9(t,C-11),122.6(d,C-12),144.9(s,C-13),42.2(s,C-14),28.4(t,C-15),23.7 (t,C-16),46.7(s,C-17),42.0(d,C-18),46.5(t,C-19),31.0(s,C-20),34.2(t,C-21),33.2(t,C-22),68.0(t,C-23),13.2(q,C-24),16.0(q,C-25),17.5 (q,C-26),26.2(q,C-27),180.2(s,C-28),33.3(q,C-29),23.8(q,C-30)。以上数据与文献报道[18]一致,故化合物5鉴定为常春藤苷元。
化合物6 白色颗粒晶体(氯仿-甲醇),mp.315~316℃,分子式为C30H50O5。1H NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:5.58(1H,br s,H-12),5.05(1H,br s,H-6),4.39(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23a),4.27(1H,dd,J=11.5,4.1 Hz,H-3),4.03(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-23b),3.59(1H,br s,H-5),3.33(1H,dd,J=13.9,4.1 Hz,H-18),1.71(3H,s,H-24),1.66(3H,s,H-25),1.62(3H,s,H-26),1.25(3H,s,H-27),0.99 (3H,s,H-30),0.92(3H,s,H-29);13C NMR (C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:41.1(t,C-1),28.1(t,C-2),73.3(d,C-3),44.1(s,C-4),49.3(d,C-5),67.6(t,C-6),41.1(t,C-7),39.2(s,C-8),48.8(d,C-9),37.0(s,C-10),23.8(t,C-11),123.0(d,C-12),144.3(s,C-13),42.7(s,C-14),28.4(t,C-15),24.0 (t,C-16),46.7(s,C-17),42.1(d,C-18),46.5(t,C-19),31.0(s,C-20),34.3(t,C-21),33.3(t,C-22),67.1(t,C-23),14.8(q,C-24),17.5(q,C-25),18.7 (q,C-26),26.3(q,C-27),180.3(s,C-28),33.3(q,C-29),23.8(q,C-30)。以上数据与文献报道[19]一致,故化合物6鉴定为钩藤苷元C。
化合物7 白色针状晶体(丙酮),mp.269~271℃,分子式为 C30H48O3。1H NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz)δ:5.32(1H,s,H-19),5.23(1H,br s,OH), 3.62(1H,br s,H-5),3.48(1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3),0.82~2.72(23H,m),1.23(3H,s),1.15 (3H,s),1.08(3H,s),1.05(3H,s),1.03(3H,s),0.96(3H,s),0.84(3H,s);13C NMR(C5D5N,150 MHz)δ:40.0(t,C-1),27.0(t,C-2),78.5(d,C-3),39.8(s,C-4),56.5(d,C-5),19.2(t,C-6),35.5(t,C-7),41.5(s,C-8),52.0(d,C-9),38.0(s,C-10),21.8(t,C-11),28.8(t,C-12),42.2(d,C-13),43.5 (s,C-14),30.5(t,C-15),34.8(t,C-16),49.1(s,C-17),139.5(s,C-18),132.5(d,C-19),32.9(s,C-20),34.7(t,C-21),34.6(t,C-22),29.1(q,C-23),16.9(q,C-24),16.8(q,C-25),17.4(q,C-26),15.9 (q,C-27),179.7(s,C-28),31.3(q,C-29),29.8(q,C-30)。以上数据与文献报道[20]一致,故化合物7鉴定为morolic acid。
化合物8 无色颗粒晶体(甲醇),mp.161~163℃,分子式为 C10H10O4。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.56(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),7.03(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2),6.93(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.8 Hz,H-6),6.78(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),6.28(1H,d,J =15.9 Hz,H-8),3.74(3H,s,OCH3);13C NMR (CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:127.6(s,C-1),114.8(d,C-2),146.8(s,C-3),149.6(s,C-4),115.1(d,C-5),122.9(d,C-6),146.9(d,C-7),116.5(d,C-8),169.8(s,C-9),52.0(q,OCH3)。以上数据与文献[21]基本一致,故鉴定化合物8为咖啡酸甲酯。
化合物9 白色片状结晶(甲醇),mp.215~217℃,分子式为C27H32N2O10。1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:7.69(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),7.64(1H,s,H-17),7.55(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-9),7.50(1H,dd,J=7.6,7.3 Hz,H-11),7.24(1H,dd,J=8.0,7.3 Hz,H-10),5.76(1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-21),5.08~5.17(4H,m,H-1'~4'),4.43(1H,m,H-19),3.57 (3H,s,OCH3),2.09(2H,m,H-14),1.77(1H,m,H-20);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:134.2(s,C-2),91.6(s,C-3),52.5(t,C-5),22.3(t,C-6),110.4(s,C-7),126.5(s,C-8),119.4(d,C-9),119.4(d,C-10),122.4(d,C-11),112.2(d,C-12),137.9(s,C-13),25.9(d,C-15),110.7(s,C-16),152.9(d,C-17),59.0(t,C-18),73.4(d,C-19),97.8(d,C-21),167.1(s,C=O),51.1(q,OCH3),21-O-Glu:102.7 (d,C-1'),74.9(d,C-2'),78.5(d,C-3'),71.9(d,C-4'),78.5(d,C-5'),63.1(t,C-6')。以上数据与文献[22]一致,故鉴定化合物9为卡丹宾。
化合物10 无定形粉末(甲醇),mp.179~184℃,分子式为 C27H34N2O10。1H NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:7.54(1H,s,H-17),7.38(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-9),7.30(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-12),7.05(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-11),6.98(1H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-10),5.54(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-21),4.80(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1'),4.35(1H,m,H-3),3.98(1H,d,J=12.5 Hz,H-19),3.83(1H,d,J=12.2 Hz,1.8 Hz,H-6'),3.79(3H,s,OCH3),3.65(1H,dd,J=12.3,7.0 Hz,H-6'),3.64(1H,br d,J=6.0 Hz,H-5a),3.40(1H,dd,J=8.9,8.9 Hz,H-3'),3.34(1H,ddd,J=8.0,8.0,2.2 Hz,H-5'),3.30(1H,dd,J=8.9,8.0 Hz,H-4'),3.29(1H,dd,J=9.0,7.8 Hz,H-2'),3.17(1H,m,H-18a),3.14(1H,m,H-18b),3.08(2H,m,H-5b,6a),2.76(1H,br s,H-6b),2.73(1H,br s,H-15),2.42(1H,br d,J=14.5 Hz,H-14a),2.05(1H,m,H-20),1.87(1H,m,H-14b);13C NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:138.2(s,C-2),64.8(s,C-3),56.2(t,C-5),22.7(t,C-6),108.4(s,C-7),128.0(s,C-8),118.8(d,C-9),120.1(d,C-10),122.5(d,C-11),112.3(d,C-12),138.2(s,C-13),36.3(t,C-14),34.0(d,C-15),111.0(s,C-16),153.7(d,C-17),59.5(t,C-18),66.2(d,C-19),44.2(d,C-20),97.8 (d,C-21),169.3(C=O),52.2(OCH3),21-O-Glu: 101.2(d,C-1'),74.5(d,C-2'),78.3(d,C-3'),71.0 (d,C-4'),77.9(d,C-5'),62.3(t,C-6')。以上数据与文献[23]基本一致,故鉴定化合物10为3α-二氢卡丹宾。
致谢:所有光谱数据均由中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室分析测试中心测定。
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Chemical Constituents of the Bark of Anthocephalus chinensis
XU Xiao-yu1,2,LI Shang-zhen1,SONG Qi-shi1*1Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource Sciences,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the bark of Anthocephalus chinensis by column chromatography on silica gel,MCI and Sephadex LH-20,and their structures were elucidated as 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate(1),sitosterol-3-O-(6'-O-palmityl)-β-D-glucoside(2),quinovic acid-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),clethric acid(4),hederagenin(5),uncargenin C(6),morolic acid(7),caffeic acid methyl ester(8),cadambine(9),and 3α-dihydrocadambine(10)by modern spectroscopic methods.Compound 1 was a new phenolic compound,and compounds 2-8 were obtained from Anthocephalus plants for the first time.
Anthocephalus chinensis;bark;chemical constituent;4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate
1001-6880(2011)03-0393-06
2010-12-22 接受日期:2011-04-29
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目子课题(KSCX2-YW-R-132;KSCX2-EW-R-15),国家863项目子课题(2007AA021504)
*通讯作者 E-mail:songqs@xtbg.ac.cn
R284.2;Q946.91
A