瑞芬太尼在支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术中的应用
2011-01-25温来友陈建庆缪建中胡永明李以飞
温来友,陈建庆,缪建中,胡永明,吴 震,李以飞
东南大学医学院附属江阴医院麻醉科,江苏江阴 214400
瑞芬太尼在支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术中的应用
温来友,陈建庆,缪建中,胡永明,吴 震,李以飞
东南大学医学院附属江阴医院麻醉科,江苏江阴 214400
目的:研究瑞芬太尼替代肌松药在声带摘除术应用的可行性。方法:将60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级声带息肉患者,随机分为瑞芬太尼组(A组)和罗库溴铵组(B组),每组30例,记录诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻、术始、术毕时的HR、MAP变化,观察支撑喉镜置入后声带运动情况,记录手术时间、停药后呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间。结果:诱导后、插管即刻、术始、术毕时的A组HR、MAP显著比B组降低(P<0.05),与入室比较,A组MAP较B组稳定(P<0.05),A组HR 明显降低(P<0.05),B 组显著升高(P<0.05),与诱导前比较,诱导后两组 HR、MAP 均显著降低(P<0.05)。A 组呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间明显短于B组(P<0.05)。结论:瑞芬太尼替代肌松药应用于声带摘除术安全可靠,术后呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间短,提高手术效率。
瑞芬太尼;肌松药;声带息肉
显微支撑喉镜下对声带息肉进行切除能最大限度地彻底清除声带病变组织,尽可能减少对声带的损伤,具有创面小、术后恢复快、不发生声带粘连等优点[1]。手术常在全麻下操作,麻醉诱导常规应用非去极化肌松药,术后呼吸恢复时间较长,影响手术台次周转。研究表明,瑞芬太尼已成为肌松药的替代药应用于麻醉诱导和维持[2],笔者应用瑞芬太尼替代罗库溴铵,也取得了满意的麻醉效果,现报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期在全麻下行支撑喉镜下声带息肉切除术患者60例,高血压、冠心病、肺部疾患、心动过缓等排除在外,术前评估无气管内插管困难,其中,男27例,女33例;年龄24~62岁。随机分为瑞芬太尼组(A组)和罗库溴铵组(B 组),每组 30例。
1.2 麻醉方法
术前30 min肌注地西泮10 mg,阿托品0.5 mg,入室后监测EKG、NBP、SpO2、PetCO2。 麻醉诱导A组静注咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、异丙酚 2 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼 0.6 g/kg(静注时间>60 s),B 组静注注咪唑安定 0.1mg/kg、芬太尼 2 g/kg、异丙酚2mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg,麻醉维持两组均持续泵入异丙酚 5mg/(kg·h)、瑞芬太尼 0.3 g/(kg·h)。 术后 B 组应用新斯的明0.01~0.02mg/kg、阿托品0.5mg拮抗肌松药的残余作用,A组不用拮抗药。
1.3 观察指标
记录诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻、术始、术毕时的HR、MAP变化,观察支撑喉镜置入后声带运动情况,记录停药后呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间(呼吸恢复到导管拔除)。
1.4 统计学分析
采用SPSS 10.0统计软件,计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
与诱导前比较,A组HR各时间点均显著降低(P<0.05);MAP仅是诱导后显著下降(P<0.05),但插管即刻、术始、术毕时无明显差异(P>0.05);与诱导前比较,B组诱导后HR、MAP均显著降低(P<0.05),但插管即刻、术始、术毕时却显著上升(P<0.05);与B组比较,诱导后、插管即刻、术始、术毕时A组的 HR、MAP 均明显降低(P<0.05),见表 1。
表1 两组各时间点HR、MAP变化比较(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)
表1 两组各时间点HR、MAP变化比较(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of HR and MAPof the two groups at each tim e point(±s)
注:与 B 组比较,*P<0.05;与诱导前比较,ΔP<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05;compared with the time point of before induction,ΔP<0.05
组别 参数 诱导前 诱导后 插管即刻 术始 术毕A组B组HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)HR(次/min)MAP(mm Hg)79.15±1.81 82.35±2.41 77.65±3.08 82.40±2.70 64.50±1.88*Δ 76.50±2.09*Δ 68.25±2.61Δ 79.15±1.81Δ 69.05±3.30*Δ 83.10±2.83*85.80±4.49Δ 90.20±3.74Δ 69.35±2.74*Δ 82.70±2.64*84.25±2.10Δ 88.30±4.38Δ 72.35±2.35*Δ 82.40±2.37*82.20±2.28Δ 85.95±2.19Δ
两组手术时间、支撑喉镜置入后声带运动情况无差别(P>0.05),A 组呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间明显快于 B 组(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 两组呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、声带运动情况比较(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)
表2 两组呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、声带运动情况比较(±s)Tab.2 Com parison of breathing recovery tim e,extubation time and vocal cord movement of two groups(±s)
注:与 B 组比较,*P<0.05Note:Compared with group B,*P<0.05
组别 手术时间(min)呼吸恢复时间(min)拔管时间(min)声带运动(例)A组B组7.15±1.18 6.68±1.04 5.20±0.83*10.35±1.73 2.65±0.67*4.90±0.85 0 0
3 讨论
支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术对咽喉部刺激较强且要求声门显露满意,对麻醉要求较高,需要较深麻醉,否则会引起迷走神经反射呛咳、支气管痉挛[3]。支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术要求有一定的麻醉深度抑制气管插管、支撑喉镜置放、手术操作引起的交感肾上腺髓质兴奋,但对肌送的要求不高,只需抑制声带运动即可。常规全麻下应用肌松药可消除声带运动,但术后苏醒较慢并延长机械通气时间,影响手术台次周转。
瑞芬太尼主要通过组织和血液中非特异性酯酶代谢,具有起效快,消除半衰期短,清除率不受性别、体重、年龄影响,也不依赖于肝肾功能等特点,无蓄积作用,镇痛作用强,可控性好,联合咪唑安定提供满意的气管插管条件和稳定的血流动力学[4],有利于手术操作。A组诱导后各时间点MAP、HR均较B组明显下降,说明瑞芬太尼能有效地抑制各种应激反应,提高满意的麻醉深度。和诱导前比较,HR明显下降,但MAP比较稳定,可能与瑞芬太尼剂量依赖性抑制儿茶酚胺的释放有关,且静脉注射速度大于60 s,瑞芬太尼对循环的影响很小[5]。瑞芬太尼与异丙酚合用而不用肌松药麻醉诱导,能提供满意的插管条件[6-7]而无声带运动,术中持续泵入瑞芬太尼和异丙酚,能够有效抑制应激反应和声带运动,便于手术操作[8]。罗库溴铵是一快速起效、中等作用时效的非去极化肌松药,0.6 mg/kg罗库溴铵的作用时间为30~40 min,对于短小手术,呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间较长。
综上所述,瑞芬太尼替代肌松药诱导能够安全有效用于支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术,既能保持合适的麻醉深度,又能在术后短时间内迅速苏醒,是支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术较为理想的麻醉方法。
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Adm inistration of Rem ifentanil in vocal cord polyps extirpation
WENLaiyou,CHENJianqing,MIAOJianzhong,HUYongming,WUZhen,LIYifei
Department of Anesthesiology,Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to South-east Univercity Medical College,Jiangyin 214400,China
Objective:To study administration of Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants in vocal cord polyps extirpation.Methods:Sixty ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients with vocal cord polyps were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases each group.The patients were injected intravenously Remifentanil 0.6 g/kg in group A and Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in group B during anaesthetic induction.The hemodynamics during anaesthetic induction,at intubation,cutting and operation completed were recorded.Time of resuscitation,extubation,operation and vocal cord polypsmovement after laryngoscope inserted were observed.Results:The HR,MAP of group A were lower than those of group B at post-induction,intubation,cutting and operation completed(P<0.05).Compared with preoperation,the MAP of group A wasmore stable than that of group B(P<0.05),HR of group A decreased significantly,and that of group B increased significantly(P<0.05).The HR,MAP in two groups after induction decreased significantly compared with before induction.In group A,the resuscitation time was shorter and the quality of resuscitation was better than those in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Remifentanil withoutmuscle relaxants under general anaesthesia can be used safely and effectively in vocal cord polyps extirpation with short resuscitation time and better quality of resuscitation.
Remifentanil;Muscle relaxants;Vocal cord polyps
R971+.2
B
1673-7210(2011)03(b)-083-02
2010-12-17)