高中英语常省引导词的几种从句情况

罗红英

英语中能省略引导词的从句常有宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句和固定句型等几种:

一、 引导宾语从句的连词that的省略情况:当及物动词和一些形容词后只跟一个简单的宾语从句,且从句中主语、表语、宾语等成分都不缺,整个从句也不存在任何疑义时,从句只能用that引导,此种情况下经常省引导词that。例如:(1) I want to know (that) the news is true. 我想知道那消息是真的。

(2) The woman was very glad (that) she could see her lost son again. 那妇女很高兴又可见到自己已失踪的儿子。

二、 定语从句省略引导词的情况一般有以下两种:

1.当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导从句的关系代词that(指人或指物),whom(指人),which(指物)可以省略。例如:

(1)I know the girl (whom/that) you talked with just now.我认识你刚才和她谈话的那个女孩。指人的先行词the girl 在定语从句中作介词with 的宾语,其关系代词whom或that 就可以省略不写。

(2) He lives in the beautiful town (which/that) you visited last year. 他就住在你去年参观过的那个美丽的小镇。指物的先行词the beautiful town 在定语从句中作及物动词visited 的宾语,所以其关系代词which或that可以省略。

2.名词reason 和the way 在定语从句中作状语时,引导定语从句的关系副词why和that可以省略。例如:

(1)The mother didnt want to listen to the reason (why) his son was late for school.这位母亲不想听她儿子上学迟到的原因。先行词the reason 在定语从句中作原因状语,引导该定语从句的关系副词why可以省略。

(2) The workers dont like the way (that) their boss blames them.工人们不喜欢老板责备他们的方式。先行词the way 在定语从句中作方式状语,引导该定语从句的关系副词that在使用时经常被省略不用。

三、 引导虚拟条件句的if 的省略情况:当由if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词有 should/were/had 三个词时,在使用中经常省去引导词if ,此时须把这三个词提到从句的主语前,用部分倒装句的句式表示虚拟条件句。例如:

(1) 如果我是一个作家,我就创作许多关于孩子的有趣的故事(对现在的虚拟)。完整的表达应是:If I were a writer, I would write many interesting stories about chil?鄄dren.而用省略的方式我们可以将之写成:Were I a writ?鄄er, I would write many interesting stories about children.

(2) 如果明天天晴,我们就可以出去郊游(对将来的虚拟)。If it should be sunny tomorrow, we would go outing.其省略的表达方式是:Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go outing.

(3)昨天如果没有你的帮忙,他是无法完成那么多的工作的(对过去的虚拟)。If you hadnt helped him yesterday, he wouldnt have finished so much work. 其省略的表达方式是:Had you not helped him,he wouldnt have finished so much work.

四、 引导目的状语从句的so that中that有时也可省略。例如:

I will give you all the facts so (that) you can judge for yourself. 我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。

五、 固定句型

It/This/That is/will be/was +the 序数词/形容词最高级/only/last+名词 +that +从句(从句的谓语动词时态用现在完成时或过去完成时)句型中引导从句的that 可以省略。例如:

(1) It is the second time (that) my father has been to Beijing. 这是我父亲第二次到北京。

(2)That picture was the most beautiful one (that) I had seen before.那是我之前所见过的最漂亮的一幅画。

(3)This will be the last chance for her (that) she has been able to go abroad. 这将是她可以出国的最后机会。

经过这样归纳整理,看似复杂的能省引导词的从句情况就变得很简单了。

(责编 周侯辰 黄 晓)