虽是分词形，却表从句意

康传桂

在近年高考英语试题中，分词短语与从句的考查比较频繁。大家都知道分词短语可以在句中作定语、状语、宾补和表语，但你知道这时的分词短语可以与从句相互转化吗？下面就一般情况下分词短语在句中作定语或状语时与从句的转化进行介绍。

一、作定语的分词短语与定语从句的转化。

1．现在分词短语作定语时，一般都放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面，我们可以用定语从句来转换，这时在意思上和一个定语从句没有区别。

I dont know the person talking with my English teacher.

=I dont know the person who is talking with my English teacher.

我不认识和我们英语老师说话的那个人？

2．现在分词短语作定语时，分词所表示动作发生的时间在变为从句时，一般有下面两种情况。

1)分词表示经常性动作、现在或当时的状态，变为从句时用一般时态。

The monument standing in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.

=The monument that stands in the middle of the playground was built in 1999.

操场中间的纪念碑是1999年建的。

2)分词表示正在进行的动作，变为从句时需用进行时态。

Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.

=Tell the children who are playing there not to make so much noise.

让那些在那儿玩的孩子们别这么吵。

二、作状语的分词短语与状语从句的转化。

1．现在分词短语可以用作时间状语，通常可以转化为由when，while和after引导的时间状语从句。

Seeing the house, he couldnt help thinking of the miserable days.

=When he saw the house, he couldnt help thinking of the miserable days.

看到那座房子，他不禁想起那些悲惨的日子。

如果分词用的是完成形式，表示分词的动作完成以后，谓语表示的动作才发生，转化为从句时要用完成时态的谓语形式。

Having sung an English song, they began to have their class.

=After they had sung an English song, they began to have their class.

他们唱了一首英语歌之后就开始上课。

以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，可用on十v-ing形式简化状语从句，此时的动词为非延续性动词。

Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village.

=Dr Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village.

白求恩大夫一到那个村子就给受伤的战士动手术。

2．过去分词短语可以用作原因状语，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句。

Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.

=As they were influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.

在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。

Since I didnt know Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.

=Not knowing Chinese, I tried to speak to her in English.

既然我不懂汉语，那我尽力用英语和她说。

3．连词（when, before, after, while, though）+ 现在分词。

While walking along the street, I heard my name called.

=While I was walking along the street, I heard my name called.

当我沿着街道走的时候，我听见有人叫我。

After she sang, she left the rich mans house.

=After singing, she left the rich mans house.

她唱好了歌离开了那富人的家。

4．连词 (when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as) + 过去分词。

The exhibition is more interesting than expected.

=The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected. 这个展览比料想的有趣。

巩固练习

一、单项选择

1. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ___________all four people on board. (2009 上海卷)

A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill

2. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made __________in the restaurant. (2008 山东卷)

A. workingB. work

C. to workD. worked

3. __________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008 陕西卷)

A. Having shownB. To be shown

C. Having been shownD. To show

4. __________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (2005 江苏卷)

A. Having lostB. Lost

C. Being lostD. Losing

5. __________on the MSN, some people often use “88” for “good-bye”.

A. When chatB. When chatting

C. When chattedD. When to chat

二、改写句子 (简单句改为复合句，复合句改为ぜ虻ゾ)

1. As it was fine, I went fishing with my father.

2. Seen from the mountain, this city looks very beautiful at night.

3. Having finished my work, I went home.

4. Weather permitting, well have a picnic.

5. There being no taxi, we had to walk last night.

6. Although there was danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety.

7. If you turn to the right, youll find the school.

8. As he was driven by hunger, he stole a cake.

答 案

一、单项选择

1~5 BACBB

二、改写句子

1. It being fine, I went fishing with my father.

2. When it is seen from the mountain, this city...

3. After I had finished my work, I went home.

4. If weather permits, well have a picnic.

5. As there was no taxi, we had to walk last night.

6. In spite of danger, he rushed out to carry the boy to safety.

7. Turning to the right, youll find the school.

8. Being driven by hunger, he stole a cake. / Driven by hunger, he stole a cake.