基础写作的写作步骤与备考策略

何伟群

一、写作步骤

我们在平时训练基础写作时,采用了以下几个步骤,收到了良好的效果:

(1)将要点分成五句话;

(2)构思好表达顺序;

(3)分别翻译好每句话;

(4)将句子连接成通顺的短文;

(5)检查有无表达或拼写错误;

(6)认真誊写。

二、实例分析

(2009年广州一模)你校将出版校庆英文特刊介绍学校的相关情况。你将参与编写工作。

[写作内容]

请根据以下构思图,写一份关于你校植物园的英语简介:

参考词汇:植物园 botanical garden

1. 将要点分成五句话。

根据基础写作的要求,首先要通过审题,列出要写的所有要点,然后将要点分成五句话。本文的要点非常明确,植物园的功能、历史、概况、特色和其他,五个要点一目了然,每个要点各用一句话表达即可。因特色与其它内容较少,所以也可以用一句话来表达,最后再加一个结尾句即可。

2. 构思好表达顺序。

根据五句话之间的逻辑顺序,构思好其先后顺序。本文的先后顺序可以是概况、历史、特色、功能及其它;也可以是概况、历史、功能、特色和其它,再加结尾句。

3. 分别翻译好每句话。

(1)概况。

A. The botanical garden lies / is located at the southwest corner of our school.

B. It has/covers an area of 1000 square meters. 或者 It is 1000 square meters large / in size.

合并成一句为:The botanical garden, which covers an area of 1000 square meters/with an area of 1000 square meters/which is 1000 square meters large, is located at the southwest corner of our school.(使用定语从句或with结构)

也可以:Located at the southwest corner of our school, the botanical garden covers an area of 1000 square meters.(使用分词短语)

(2)历史。

A. It has a history of 20 years./ It is 20 years old.

B. It was a rebuilt in 2008.

合并成一句为:The botanical garden, which has a history of 20 years/ with a history of 20 years, was rebuilt in 2008.

(3)功能。

A. It can beautify our school. / It can make our school beautiful.

B. It is a place to study the plants. /It is a place to learn more about the plants.

C. It is a place to relax. /It is a place for relaxation.

合并成一句为:It not only can beautify our school, but also is a place to learn more about the plants or a place to relax.

(4)特色及其它。

A. There are a variety of/various kinds of/ all kinds of flowers, trees and herbs/plants that can be made into medicine.

B. It will take you at least one hour to finish enjoy it/go through it.

合并成一句话为:As there are a variety of flowers, trees and herbs, it will take you at least one hour to go through it.

(5)结尾句

Welcome to our botanical garden.

4. 将句子连接成通顺的短文。根据各句之间的逻辑关系,恰当使用连接词,或增加词句,将五句话连成一篇通顺自然的短文。以下是本文的参考范文,下划线部分就是所增加的词句,正是有了它们,上下文之间才过渡得如此自然。

Located at the southwest of our school, the botanical garden is spread over an area of approximately 1000 m2. The garden is over 20 years old and was rebuilt in 2008.As you walk through the garden, you can see various kinds ofbeautifulflowers, trees and herbs.If youre planning to explore the garden, set aside at least one hour. The garden makes our school more beautiful and its afantasticplace for students to study and learn more about plants or simply to relax for a while.

5. 检查有无表达或拼写错误。

在检查无误后,再认真誊写。

三、备考策略

1. 归纳同类作文常用的词汇或句式。

我们每写一篇作文,都要思考这类作文很可能需要用到哪些词或哪些句式,然后进行归纳整理,并熟记,以后遇到同类作文,写起来就会得心应手。本文属于地点介绍类,该话题常用的词汇或句式有:

方位:(be) located /lie, in the center of/ in the east of /to the east of/on the west of...

面积:cover an area of, with an area of

人口:have a population of

环境:with green hills and beautiful rivers, a variety of / various

物产:be rich in /be high in

特色:be famous/ well known for

名胜:places of interest

2. 再写一篇同类话题的作文。

为更好地掌握同类话题作文的写作,建议考生紧接着再写一篇。如在广州一模后,我们又写了以下这篇:

广州是一座美丽的城市,一年四季都有宾客前去旅游。你的笔友Jane 想去广州做客。请根据下面的提示简单介绍一下广州,以使Jane 对广州有个大概的了解。

[写作内容]

(1)广州地处广东省中部,是一座有两千二百多年文明历史的古城。

(2)广州有许多的公园和名胜古迹。节假日人们到公园游玩,度过欢乐的时光。

(3)广州一年四季如春,有“花城”之美誉。

(4)广州自改革开放以来,发生了巨大的变化,呈现出新面貌。

参考范文:

The city of Guangzhou, which lies in the middle of Guangdong Province, is an ancient city with a history of 2,200 years. Whenever you come to this modern city,you will see many parks and places of interest. During the holidays or festivals, people will enjoy themselves in these places. Because it is warm and flowery all the year round, it is also called “Flower City”. Since the policy of reform and opening up was carried out, great changes have taken place in this city.

3. 背诵经典美文。

值得一提的是,笔者认为,多背一些短小精悍的经典美文有助于提高英语写作能力。我们选择了“李阳英语的13篇作文”范文作为背诵材料,感觉非常管用。以下是其中一篇,现刊发出来,与同学们分享。

Summer holiday part-time job

During the summer holiday of 2005,I thoughtI should do something meaningfulinstead ofstaying at home and watching TV. So I got a job at a KFC fast food restaurant and worked there as a cleaner.Every dayI went to work early in the morning and got home late in the evening. I worked 7 hours a day for three weeks.

The job was hard, boring and seemed endless,which made me so tired thatI almost quit half way.After all, I stuck to it with my determination.

Finally, I finished the job before the new school term began.

Now, I understand what labor means. I think it was really a successful experience.

责任编校蒋小青