广东高考英语完形填空题解读与解题思路

2009-08-31谢期繁

广东教育·高中 2009年7期

谢期繁

广东高考英语完形填空全面考查考生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和逻辑思维能力。本文从这类试题的篇章特点和选项特点等方面进行解读,并对如何解答这类试题进行了探讨。

一、篇章特点

近三年广东高考英语完形填空的短文长度都在200词左右(2007年153词,2008年206词,2009年173词),生词少,难度适中。一般来说,首句不设空格,提供充足语境。从体裁上来说涉及记叙文、说明文和议论文。比如2006年高考是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文,2007年高考是一篇介绍一种软件的说明文,2008年高考是一篇记叙文,2009年高考也是记叙文。掌握各种文体的特点有助于我们快速而准确地理解短文内容,采取恰当的解题思路和方法。

二、选项特点

广东已单独命题六年了,2004—2006年的完形填空题中有介词(如06年的in, through)、起连接作用的词(如04年的when,05年的until和how)、情态动词(如05年的dare)、短语动词(如05年的thought out,06年的grow up)、短语副词(如04年的for a while, as a matter of fact,06年的for instance,of course和on the other hand)。

但是,从近三年广东高考完形填空涉及的词类来看,没有考查代词、冠词、介词、情态动词、连接性词语(包括but等并列连词和引导各类从句的词)、短语动词和短语副词等。究其原因,主要是“语法填空”的诞生,测试功能更加细化了。近三年的选项是名词、动词、形容词和副词,所有选项也都是一个英语单词(当然不排除今后也会有词组的出现)。2007—2009年完形填空的选项分布如下表:

从近三年的选项特点来看,每一题的4个选项都属于同一词类,且都是同一语法形式,没有一道题涉及语法规则。

若为动词,要么都是原形,要么都是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,要么都是现在分词,要么都是过去式,要么都是过去分词;若为名词,要么都是单数,要么都是复数;若为形容词或副词,要么都是原级,要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级。如:

1. A. begins B. tries

C. fails D. stops (07年29题)

2. A. introducing B. announcing

C. implying D. advertising(09年22题)

3. A. found B. misunderstood

C. mistook D. judged(09年21题)

4. A. babies B. believers

C. fairies D. supermen (08年21题)

5. A. generally B. basically

C. usually D. certainly (09年30题)

就命题的着眼点来说,主要是要求考生通过对上下文的理解,进行适当的逻辑推理,选择一个意义和用法都符合语境的选项。其中,也有涉及构词法知识的内容,如正确选项可能为由课标词汇的词根派生的新词。如:

1. A. generallyB. basically

C. usually D. certainly (09年30题)

2. A. uncomfortable

B. unbelievable

C. unacceptable

D.unrecognizable(08年24题)

3. A. independent B. infrequent

C.inexpensiveD. instant(07年26题)

还有可能考查固定搭配。如:

A major French newspaper_____21_____his brother for him and…which would be awarded to people Ks5uwho made great_____ 29_____ to the causes of peace… (2009年)

21. A. found B. misunderstood

C. mistook D. judged

29. A. additions B. sacrifices

C. changes D. contributions

21题是考查固定搭配mistake A for B (将A误以为B);29题是考查固定搭配make contributions to…(对……作出贡献)。

三、解题技巧

根据完形填空的特点,我们在解题时可考虑采用以下技巧:

(一)关注文章首句,领会文章大意

通过理解文章的首句,我们可以明确短文话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。然后跳过文章中的空格,快速通读,领会文章的大意。对于文中出现的生词可以跳过不管。

(二)上下联系,初定答案

1. 通过逻辑关系确定选项。

根据空格所在句的前后部分或上下句之间的因果、并列、转折等逻辑关系,进行适当的逻辑推理即可得出答案。如:

(1)Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are________ and cause much human suffering. (08广东高考)

A. powerfulB. cruel

C. frightened D. extraordinary

根据上文的not friendly 以及表示并列关系的连词and可知空格应该填的词与not friendly是同义词,故选B。

(2)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows _______ and pale and has changed so much that it is almost_______ to the parents. (08广东高考)

A. sick B. slim

C. short D. small

A. uncomfortableB. unbelievable

C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

根据表示并列关系的连词and,可知第一空要填的词应当和pale是同类,故选A。第二空由因果关系可推断出正确选项:因为“变化大(has changed so much)”,所以“认不出来(unrecognizable)”。

(3)“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ______ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” (09广东高考)

A. famousB. sick

C. rich D. popular

如果不根据上下文进行逻辑推理,好像选项A、C和D都正确。但根据文章第一行的“millionaire(百万富翁)”和第四行的“the merchant of death is dead (靠死人获利的商人已经死了)”,可以推断出“诺贝尔是个通过找到更快的杀死更多人的方法而变得富裕”,故选C。

2. 根据词义复现来确定选项。

词义复现就是正确选项是上下文中已出现了的同一个单词或者与文中某个词是同义异形词。如:

(1)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies (仙女). Not all of these ________ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are cruel and cause much human suffering. (08广东)

A. babies B. believers

C. fairies D. supermen

本题答案是C,也就是前句中出现了的fairies。

(2)Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their_____28____

will be tested as never before. (07上海)

A. information B. investment

C. claims D. shops

本题答案是C。claim (声称)在上文中是动词,在空格处为名词。

(3)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended ________. (08广东)

A. cases B. tools

C. steps D. methods

根据上文提到的many ways,推断出这里应该填ways的同义词methods,意思是“推荐的方法”。

3. 从语意的连贯性来确定选项。

完形填空不涉及对语法知识的考查,重点考查同学们对篇章的理解,因此,在决定选项时要考虑上下文语意的连贯性。

(1)It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling... In those cases there was often a way to get the_____ baby back. (08高考)

A. little B. pale

C. sad D. real

根据上文的stolen...away and replaced...with...可知小孩已经被偷走了,已由a fairy Changeling取而代之。根据语意的连贯性可知,要找回的应是real baby,故选D。

(2)The first is the removal from the curriculum (课程) of the thorough teaching of English ____. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future. (06上海)

A. vocabulary B. culture

C. grammar D. literature

根据后文的a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future可知所涉及的是语法方面的知识。根据前后语意的连贯,此空应该选C。

(三)复读检查

把你选择的答案代入短文原句检查复核,主要从语篇结构、句子逻辑、语意连贯和词语搭配与辨析等方面去重新考虑所选答案的准确性。

四、实战操练

请利用上面所介绍的完形填空的解题技巧完成以下练习。

阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从21~30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A father had a family of sons who were always quarreling among themselves. When he_____21_____to end their disputes by his suggestions, he determined to give them a practical example of the wrongdoings of_____22_____; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle (捆) of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the

23_____into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.The father then_____24_____the sticks, took the sticks one by one, and again put them into his sons hands. He asked his sons again to try and break the sticks. They broke them_____25_____. He then_____26_____them in these words: “my sons, if you are of one mind, and_____27_____to assist each other, you will be like these sticks together, _____28_____By all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are_____29_____among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as a28_____stick.”

21. A. attempted B. managed

C. failed D. meant

22. A. discourage B. disunion

C. discomfort D. disorder

23. A. bundles B. sticks

C. stonesD. bricks

24. A. placed B. hid

C. joined D. separated

25. A. easily B.hardly

C. separately D. completely

26. A. ordered B. described

C. addressed D. blamed