高考新题型——任务型阅读的解题技巧

崔建萍

《2009年江苏高考说明》一书为任务型阅读提供了两种示例——表格式和树状式。题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空一词。这种类型的题目主要考查学生的以下三个能力。

·捕捉信息能力:属基础题。

·组织信息能力:属活用题。

·综合概括信息能力:属概括题,

答案的分布特征往往有如下几种情况:

●直接用原文中的词

●根据文中词汇进行变形或同义转换

●根据文章的意思进行推理和总结

这类新题型其实是对学生阅读理解能力的另一种考查方法,要想做好这类题型,首先要训练两种基本技能。

一、信息转换技能

1.解题关键:在这个步骤中需要学生根据问题查找定位信息,加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。

2.常见的转换方式

(1)另选其他词来释义

例如:

①James Michael became hooked on headphones his early teens and lost much of his hearing.James Michael lost much of his hearing due to being addicted to headphones.

②The rapidly aging population results from years of low or negative birthrates.Low birthrates bring about rapidly aging population.

③Malingers should understand clearly how computerized information systems work.Itsnecessary for managers to have a clear understanding of computerized informationsystems.

④In minutes,you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps.Within a short time,it lets us contact another person who has interest in common.

(2)同义词、反义词转换

(3)句子结构转换

例如:句意不变,注意词形转换

①However,the travel rush usually begins up to two weeks before that,and will last 40 days froni Jan.11 to Feb.19.How ever,the travel rush usually begins from Jan.11 to Feb.19.1asting 40 days.

②In place of a few financial control,managers can depend on computer-based in formation systems to control activities in every area of their company.

Managers can take corrective action timely to make changes depending/based on computer-based information systems.

③Gifted children may feel lonely or different because they do not know the children who share their interests.Gifted children may feel lonely or different,not knowing other children sharing their interests.

④other changes to the policy include the removing of the age restrictions and lowering of experience requirements.

There are other changes to the policy.The age restrictions are removed.and experience requirements are lowered.

(4)前缀和后缀转换

(5)词性转换

例如:根据句意,关注词性的变化

ableunableabilityenabledisabled disability

①Unable to move,he had no choice but to lie there.

②The Internet is advancing rapidly,which enables us to have access to as much information aspossible.

③To the couples sadness,their first child was physically.disabled.

④It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.(2000全国卷)

differdifferencedifferentvaryvariousvariety

①Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly in size and shape.(2007上海)

②American English is significantly different from British English.

③He can absolutely tell the differences and similarities between the two paintings.

④Opinions on the issue vary from person to person.

⑤Varieties of products are offered to consumers to choose from.

二、信息归纳技能

1.解题关键:根据问题查找定位信息,并找出信息的共性。

2.归纳词的特征:一般情况下这些词应具备以下特征,概括性(在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息),针对性(量体裁衣,大小适度)以及醒目性(简洁,明了)

其次,在做题的过程中还应掌握两个基本步骤。

三、两读

1.速览(scanning)--掌握主旨,带着问题,找到文章对应点,确认题型,分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。

2.细读(detailed reading)——复读文章,反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容

四、两审

1.审结构表达

2.审语法运用(tense,spelling,handwriting,single or plural noun,capital letter,agreement)最后,为了更好地做好任务型阅读,平时要积累一些有效词汇。

常见的一些概括性词汇有:

(1)原因reason(for)cause(of)

(2)结果resulteffectconsequence

(3)目的aimpurposegoalintention

(4)观点opinion viewattitude

(5)异同differences similarities

(6)优劣advantages disadvantages strengths weaknesses benefits drawbacks

(7)总结 conclusion summary

各类常见词汇

(1)地点类place location address destination

(2)事件类event phenomenon theme content origin

(3)问题类problem issue topic chance challenge

(4)方法类way method approach solution means measure step

(5)建议类 suggestion advice tip suggest advise

(6)其他类behavior definition communication conscious aware harmonious