突出“亮点” 造就好文

刘茂林

每年，高考阅卷老师要在十几天的时间里，完成全省数十万份试卷的阅卷任务，工作强度很大，身心都很疲倦。尤其是面对同一体裁、题材的英语作文，阅卷老师很容易产生审美疲劳。怎样才能写出与众不同的作文，让阅卷老师眼前一亮呢？笔者认为，只有通过制造“亮点”，才能吸引阅卷老师的眼球，大大增加获得高分的机会。

“亮点”制造手法1：得体运用高级词汇

用词准确、得体是写作的前提。在这一前提下，使用恰当的高级词汇有助于获得高分。俗话说“一叶知秋”，词汇的运用体现了作者驾驭语言的能力。有时候，一个高级词汇就能给文章增添不少亮色。

请仔细体会下列例句中的高级词汇与普通词汇表达效果的不同（横线上为高级词汇，括号里是普通词汇）。

例1The next morning, our classmates were both surprised and overjoyed（very happy） when they saw the wall newspaper.

例2That is a challenging(difficult) job.

例3I am awfully grateful to you（should thank you） for taking so much trouble to help me.

例4He turned a deaf ear to (didnt listen to) what I said in class.

下表中的高级词汇可供同学们参考。

除此之外，教材中还有很多高级词汇值得关注，如access, available, annoyed, confused, convenience, considerate, essential, fascinated，get accustomed to等。

“亮点”制造手法2： 交替使用多种句型

一篇文章如果只使用结构单一、长度相同的单句，就会显得平淡无奇，读起来索然无味。要想凸显文采，应在正确的前提下，交替使用简单句和复合句，尽量做到句式多样化。总的来说，除简单句外，写作时常用的句型如下：

（1）以形式主语it引导的有关句型。

It is / was +被强调部分+ that(who) +...

It happened(chanced) that...

It is high time that sb. did / should do...

It is / was said（reported / believed） that...

Itis / was +时间段+ before +...

It doesnt matter...

（2） 由as，which引导的非限制性定语从句。

（3） 由no matter what / which / when / where / who / how / whose等以及whatever / whichever / whenever / wherever / whoever / however 等引导的让步状语从句。

（4） 以so long as, on condition that等引导的条件状语从句。

（5） 以the moment, the minute, the instant, the hour, the day, every time, next time, last time, immediately, directly, no sooner...than, hardly...when 等引导的时间状语从句。

（6） 主语+谓语+ the size / length / width / height + of+被比较对象。

此外，也可以使用分词、不定式、介词短语作状语，或使用强调句、感叹句、倒装句、独立主格结构等，增强语句的表现力，使文章跌宕起伏。

“亮点”制造手法3： 准确使用句间连词

书面表达评分标准把衔接和连贯作为核心标准，句间连词的恰当使用是语句衔接自然、语意连贯最突出的体现。写作时，应弄清所写内容的逻辑关系，对题干的材料加以适当调整，然后加入构成语篇纽带的过渡词连句成文，从而使文章语意贯通，过渡自然，结构紧凑，层次清晰，逻辑分明。

写作时，常用的连接词语主要有：

（1） 表示顺序：first, then, finally, the former, the latter, to begin with...

（2） 表示时间：since then, for the first time, at last, eventually, as soon as, the next moment, in the past, now, at present, in the future, from now on...

（3） 表示转折：but, however, on the contrary, instead, otherwise, unfortunately, yet...

（4） 表示递进：whats more, besides, in addition, even, moreover, furthermore, still more, still worse...

（5） 表示并列：and, or, as well, as well as, alike, both...and, either...or, neither...nor, some...others...

（6） 表示因果：so, thus, therefore, for, as a result, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to...

（7） 表示列举：for example, say, for an instance, such as, and so on...

（8） 表示总结：in a word, in all, in short, in summary, in brief, to sum up, as has been stated...

（9） 表示对比：on one hand, on the other hand, while, for one thing... for another...

（10） 表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again, at all...

（11） 表示空间：on the right / left , to the right / left of, on one side of, on the other side of, at the foot/ top of, in the middle of, in the center of...

（12） 表示解释说明：that is (to say), in other words, namely...

“亮点制造”手法4：写好主题句、开头和结尾

要想使主题突出，结构严谨，就应恰当使用主题句。主题句能鲜明、清晰地表达文章、段落的中心思想。要想使文章开头吸引阅卷老师，就要使用主题句，开门见山地表达观点，或者使用特殊的句式结构。结尾要有总结性的句子，简洁而不拖泥带水。

【例文分析】

I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As everybody knows, the mastery of a language doesnt just mean the ability to write and read. To acquire this language, a pure English atmosphere is of vital importance. Only by using the language frequently can we have a good mastery of English.

However, there are some disadvantages with this teaching method. It will be difficult for us to understand what the teacher means. As a result, we will focus too much on teachers words rather than their intended meaning.

As an old proverb goes, “Little strokes fell great oaks.” With constant practice in and outside the classroom, we will be able to master English. And we will all find it quite rewarding to be taught in English only.

这是2007年我省的一篇高考高分作文。作者按照要求选择“授课形式一：只用英语”这一主题展开，内容覆盖了所有要点，结构合理、紧凑，有鲜明的观点，在语言表达上更是有很多亮点。

①文章的第一句即是总领全文的主题句，开门见山地提出作者的观点；结尾干净利落，简洁有力。

②文章运用了非谓语动词（to acquire this language）、倒装句（only by...can we...）、独立结构（with constant practice in and outside the classroom）、名词性从句（what the teacher means）、谚语（Little strokes fell great oaks）和形式宾语结构（we will all find it quite rewarding to...）等较复杂的句子结构。

③恰当地使用了as everybody knows, however, as a result, as an old proverb goes等连接成分。

④采用了be of vital importance, focus on, rather than, intended meaning和rewarding等高级词汇。

本文得了29分（满分30分）。由此可见，“亮点”的出现能够充分展现同学们的语言功底，从而获得较高的分数。