从高考题看形容词化的过去分词

车应森

形容词化的分词已成为近年来高考考查的重要语言知识之一。例如:

(2005江苏卷7) Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

(2006四川卷33) Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

(2007山东卷26) Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.

(2005湖南卷22) Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

(2006全国卷I 32) Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

(2007湖南卷34)“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.

纵观以上考题不难发现，形容词化的分词主要集中在过去分词，从分词作状语、表语、定语及补语的角度来设题。在通常情况下，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间在语态上已不再体现被动含义，而在句中表示主语存在的某种状态，说明人称主语或事物是什么样或看上去是什么样子, 常见的形容词化的分词有：

located(位于), dressed(表示衣着情况), lost(消失、陷入、迷路等), faced with(面对), seated(坐着的), born(出生的), pleased(高兴的), delighted(快乐的), tired(疲劳、厌烦的), confused(迷惑的), amazed(惊奇的), excited(激动的), devoted(热爱、忠实的、专心致志于、献身于), interested(感兴趣的), bored(烦恼的), annoyed(厌烦的), upset(心烦意乱的), impressed(铭记在心的、感人的), satisfied(满意的), worried(担心的), surprised(惊讶的), embarrassed(尴尬的、难为情的), amused(高兴、开心的), depressed(抑郁的), astonished(惊异的、吃惊的), frightened(惊吓、害怕的), relaxed(放松的)等。例如：

Please be seated, gentlemen!

Shelly, astonished, urged her to explain.

New arts have been born in the course of the history of man.

His thin face had a worried look.

He was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy.

I grew excited, red-eared and a little frightened.

We are all very pleased about Johns success in his scholarship examination.

She felt confused, even frightened.

He looked tired, and I did not like to disturb him.

【巩固提高】

1. He found Irene ____at the piano with her hands arrested on the keys.

A. having seatedB. seated

C. being seatedD. seating

2. They went to the ball,____ as pirates.

A. dressedB. to dress

C. dressingD. having dressed

3.____ in deep thought, the man stared blankly.

A. LosingB. Being lost

C. To being losingD. Lost

4. When____ with a strong enemy they had always retreated（撤退）.

A. faceB. facing

C. facedD. to face

5. Shy and____, the boy thrust the flowers at his girl friend.

A. embarrassingB. embarrassed

C. being embarrassedD. to embarrass

6.____ on Main Street, the market was busy yesterday.

A. LocatedB. Locating

C. Being locatedD. To be located

7. He was____ that the date of the conference had been fixed.

A. to delightB. to be delighted

C. delightingD. delighted

8.____ by the bullets flying at them from all sides, the enemy withdrew into the wood.

A. Having confusedB. Confused

C. Being confusedD. Confusing

9. He arrived at Shelley Hot Springs,____and dusty on Sunday night.

A. being tiredB. tired

C. tiringD. to be tiring

【答案与解析】

1. B。过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，表示宾语Irene所处的状态，即他发现Irene坐在钢琴旁，手搭在键盘上。

2. A。过去分词短语作状语，表示他们装扮成海盗去参加舞会。

3. D。过去分词短语作状语，表明他茫然地凝视着，陷入了沉思。

4. C。过去分词短语作状语，说明他们面对强敌时总是退却。

5. B。带着几分羞涩和难为情，他将花推向女朋友。

6. A。过去分词短语作状语，说明市场所处的地理位置。

7. D。过去分词作表语，表明主语的心理状态，即：他很高兴，因为开会的日期已确定下来。

8. B。过去分词短语作状语，句意为：面对从四面八方飞来的子弹时，他们迷惑地撤进了林子。

9. B。过去分词短语作状语，表明他在星期天夜间到达Shelley温泉时的样子：不仅疲惫而且满身灰尘。