Ｕｎｉｔ５词汇积累

谢　昊

1.let in

解读 动词短语，意思是“让……进来”。例如:

Open the window and let in the fresh air. 打开窗户透透新鲜空气吧。

Shes new in our class; let her in!她是我们班的新生，让她进来吧！

Then the assistant let us into the library.

后来，管理员让我们进入图书馆。

警示 let in是一个“动副结构”的动词短语，后接人称代词作宾语时，必须将人称代词置于let和in之间。

类似这种结构的短语还有：

①let out放掉，泄露。例如:

Be sure not to let out the news. 请记住不要走漏消息。

The pond is too deep; let out some water. 水太深，放掉一些水吧。

②let away让……走。例如:

Its not her business; let her away. 不关她的事，让她走。

③let through 让……穿过。例如:

The policeman stopped other traffic and let us through.

警察拦住其他车辆，让我们通过。

④let+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:

Let them set off at once. 叫他们立刻出发。

Let the smoke out of the room. 让烟从房间飘出。

Lets not be late for the lecture. 我们听演讲不要迟到。

延伸 let引导的祈使句其否定形式有两种。即：

①Dont let…

②Let sb. not…

其中句①常用于口语，句②多用于书面语。例如:

Dont let him know. 不要让他知道。

Let him not go out. 不要让他出去。

应用 选择填空。

①Keep the door closed; dont let ____ the flies.

A. away B. in C. through D. into

②The water in the pool is dirty; let ____.

A. it out B. them out C. out it D. out them

③Let people all over the world ____ friends.

A. are B. is C. am D. be

解答 ①B let in放进来。

②A let out是“动副结构”短语。

③D let sb. do sth.让某人干某事。

2.remind

解读 及物动词，意思是“提醒，使想起”。例如：

If I forget, please remind me. 假如我忘了，请提醒我。

Please remind me that I must call him up at noon.

请提醒我在中午时给他打个电话。

若表达“使得某人想起某事”，用“remind sb. of sth.”。例如:

You reminded me of my childhood. 你使我想起了我的童年。

That film reminds her of what she did before.

那部电影使得她回忆起她以前所做的事。

“提醒某人去干某事”用“remind sb. to do sth.”。例如:

I often remind myself not to fall behind. 我常常提醒自己不要落后。

比较 remind不是remember，前者是“使人想起”，后者是“(不自然地)记起，(有意识地)识记”。例如:

I suddenly remembered I left my key at home.

我突然想起我把钥匙忘在家里了。

You must remember this word. 你一定得记住这个单词。

应用 指出下列句子中的错误，并改正。

①The boy reminds me my life in the country.

②Your words reminded him what he said last week.

③I dont remember to see her.

④Remind to bring the book next time.

解答 ①reminds me→reminds me of “remind sb. of sth.”使某人想起某事。

②reminded him→reminded him of(同①)。

③to see→seeingremember doing sth. 记得做过某事。(事已做完)

④Remind→Rememberremember to do sth. 记住去做某事。(事未做)

3.other

解读 (1)形容词，有以下几种含义:

①别的，另外的。例如:

Where are other people, Mark? 马克，其他人呢？

Ill come some other day. 我改日再来吧。

②隔一个的。例如:

My parents come to see me every other week.

我爸妈每隔一周来看我一次。

Please write on every other line. 请隔一行写。

(2)代词，意思是“其他的人或物”，常用复数形式others。例如:

I dont like these belts; could you show me some others?

我不喜欢这些裤带，能给我看看另外几种吗？

Alice does better in English than all the others in her class.

爱丽丝的英语学得比她班上的其他所有人都好。

警示 other常组成以下搭配:

①one…the other…表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个”，有时可以不出现one一词。例如:

One of his legs is shorter than the other. 他的一条腿比另一条腿短。

On the other side of the river are a lot of bananas.

河的另一边有许多香蕉。

②some…others…表示“(多者中的)一些……另一些……”。例如:

Many kids wear pants, some wear black pants, others wear white ones. 很多小孩穿长裤，一些穿着黑色的，另一些穿着白色的。

③each other意思是“彼此”。例如:

Lets write to each other. 我们相互写信。

They ask each others name. 他们互问姓名。

辨析 other, the other, others, the others和another的用法

总的来说：other和the other一般作形容词用；others和the others作代词用；another既可以作形容词，也可以作代词。它们的具体区分如下表：

(注意：在one…the other…句型中，the other后接单数名词)

例如:

English is widely spoken in the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand; what about other countries?

在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰，英语被广泛地使用，其他国家呢？

Four foreigners come to our school; thats one, where are the others?

四个外宾来我们学校，那里有一个，其他几位在哪儿呢？

These pears are quite delicious; would you like another one?

这些梨很好吃，你想再来一个吗？

We should help others when theyre in trouble.

别人有困难时，我们应该帮助他们。

Ann sings better than the other girls in her school.

安唱得比她学校里的其他女孩好。

应用 用方框中所给的词填空。

other, others, another, the other, the others

①We learn Chinese, math, English, physics and some ____ subjects.

②Scientists have found nobodys hand is exactly as long as ____.

③Mum, Id like ____ piece of chocolate.

④At the meeting, some said yes, some said no, and ____ said nothing.

⑤Of the four boys, one is from Korea, ____ are from India.

⑥Any ____ person would be welcome here.

⑦Please come to my office some ____ time.

⑧I met David ____ day.

解答 ①other 修饰复数名词，且还有另外的修饰词some，故不用the other。

②the other “一人只有两只手”，表示“两者”关系。

③another 修饰单数名词piece。

④others 固定搭配“some…others…”。

⑤the others 四个男孩中已谈到了一个，剩下的自然是“定指”。

⑥other any表示“任何一个”，此空修饰名词，前面另有修饰词。

⑦other 修饰不可数名词，且前面另有修饰词。

⑧the other the other day意思是“几天前”。

4.living

解读 (1)作形容词，意思是:

①活着的。例如:

Is your grandma still living? 你奶奶还在世吗？

Hes a living Lei Feng. 他是一个活雷锋。

②活动的。例如:

Is that living water? 那是活水吗？

English is a living language. 英语是一门活生生的语言。

(2)作名词，意思是“生计”。例如:

To make a living, he had to get a part-time job in a restaurant.

为了生计，他在餐馆里找了一份兼职的工作。

How did you earn a living in the past? 你在过去是怎样活过来的？

The living were seriously hurt, too. 活着的人也受了重伤。

比较 live动词，意思是“生活”；life名词，意思是“生活，生命”；lively形容词，意思是“生动的”。例如:

Were living a happy life now. 我们现在过着幸福的生活。

His classes are lively and interesting. 他上的课生动有趣。

To him, the most important thing is to save lives.

对他来说，最重要的事情就是抢救生命。

(3)其他的搭配。如:

living room 起居室 living space 生存空间

应用 用live的适当形式完成下列句子。

①I wish ____ on the Mars some day.

②The writer made a ____ description of that.

③The ____ here is quite different from that in your country.

④How many people are ____ in the train crash?

解答 ①to livewish to do sth. 希望做某事。

②lively生动地描述某事。

③lifethe life here这里的生活。

④living活着的。

5.turn down

解读 (1)动词短语，意思是“(把电视、收音机等的音量)调小”。其反义词是turn up。例如:

Its too noisy here; could you turn up the radio a little?

这里太吵了，你能把收音机(音量)稍微调大点吗？

The baby is asleep; turn down the TV.

孩子睡着了，把电视音量调小些。

(2)turn一词常见的用法有:

①实义动词，“转，旋转，转动”。例如:

Turn left at the second crossing, then go on.

在第二个十字路口向左转，然后继续走。

The hands of the clock turn round and round.

时钟的指针转呀转。

②实义动词，“翻(转)”。例如:

Now please turn to Page 20. 现在，请翻到第二十页。

③实义动词，“转身”。例如:

He turned when I called him. 我叫他，他就回过头来。

She turned and saw a boy following her.

她一转身，就见一个男孩跟着她。

④连系动词，“变色”。例如:

In autumn leaves turn yellow. 秋天，叶子变黄。

When the traffic lights turn red, you can cross the street.

当交通灯变红时，你可以横过大街。

⑤名词，“轮次，班”。例如:

Take turns to ask the question. 按照顺序问问题。

Im on the afternoon turn. 我上下午班。

⑥其他短语。例如:

turn on打开(灯、水龙头、电视等) turn off关掉

turn over翻转过来 turn in上交

turn round绕……转 turn to求助于

by turns轮流 in ones turn轮到某人

拓展 turn的名词turning作“转弯处”讲。例如:

Take the first turning on the right. 在第一个转弯处向右拐。

应用 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

①Lets play the games ____(轮流).

②Her hair ____(变白).

③The moon ____(绕着……转) the earth.

④The womens football match is beginning; ____(打开) the TV quickly.

⑤The teacher told us ____(翻回到) Page 26.

解答 ①by turn ②turns grey ③turns round/around

④turn on ⑤to turn back to