历山秋眺
2024-09-27侯林
尽管济南人仍习惯地将它称为千佛山,而它最具光彩和自豪感的名字却是历山,或者,舜耕山。
山不算大,但古朴,优雅,你顺着西边的山路往上走,首先看到的,是唐槐亭。此处原为曾公祠(曾巩对济南的贡献真是千古一人,纪念他最为得当),后为胡国公祠。如今改为唐槐亭,真是越改越缩小了意义;接着,齐烟九点、仰观俯察、云径禅关、峰回路转等坊,那是绝妙好词对应着恰如其分的绝妙好景的。兴国禅寺不大,但有韵味,给济南人的感觉如同趵突泉的东门,虽则旧,虽则小,但那雅致超逸的味道,却是任何的高门崇楼所不能取代的。
兴国寺的楹联很有特点,上联暮鼓晨钟惊醒世间名利客,下联经声佛号唤回苦海梦迷人。有着一种不以名利为念、追求精神境界的超越情怀。我相信许多的济南人都受过它的启发与熏陶。这里还是观景的佳处。犹在夏日,清凉无比。古人有“七月欲尽热似炙,来此忽然风生脚”的妙句。这里景致也美,即便在山下或远处望它。刘鹗在《老残游记》有段描写:“到了铁公祠前,朝南一望,只见对面千佛山上,梵宇僧楼,与那苍松翠柏,高下相间,红的火红,白的雪白,青的靛青,绿的碧绿,更有那一株半株的丹枫夹在里面,仿佛宋人赵千里的一幅大画,做了一架数十里长的屏风。”
如果你以为刘鹗在这里只是写的千佛山或兴国寺,那就错了。他是借此引出那个神秘莫测的盖世奇观佛山倒影——“佛山倒影”他接下来写道:
正在叹赏不绝,忽听一声渔唱。低头看去,谁知那明湖业已澄净得同镜子一般。那千佛山的倒影映在湖里,显得明明白白。那楼台树木格外光彩,觉得比上头的一个千佛山还要好看,还要清楚……
济南南面的千佛山和北面的大明湖相距五六公里,然而海拔不到三百米的千佛山的影子却能倒映在大明湖中,形成“佛山倒影”的奇观。自古以来,这一现象引起了人们的极大兴趣,许多游人不远千里前来观赏。元初,大诗人元好问作《大明湖泛舟》诗,其中有诗句“看山水底山更佳,一堆苍烟收不起”,真个是写尽了“佛山倒影”的仪态和风韵。
而千佛山的妙处还不仅仅在此。
真正写出千佛山的独特魅力的,是艾芜。
他在《游千佛山》一文中这样说,到了千佛山,一开始感觉很平常,不怎么秀丽,不怎么壮伟。但当你爬上山去,然后掉回头来,陡然望见“盆一样的大明湖,躺在万家烟火的济南城里。如带的黄河,绕在苍茫无际的天野时”,你的心便会激动起来,激动得无以复加……
从美学的角度说,这叫借景:景致不是千佛山本身固有的,但只有在千佛山上能够更好地看它、欣赏它,任何别的地方都不行,这就无疑成为千佛山的独有资源了:不是我的,全部让我占有了;不是我的,全部让我利用了。这正是最高的智慧境界。
还有,秋天是济南最美的季节,登山远眺,天高云淡,层林尽染,秋湖一镜,烟树万家,黄河帆影,齐烟九点……一切都历历在目,还不令人目醉神迷。
(本文节选自《历山秋眺:命名的深意与诗意》)
Although people in Jinan commonly refer to it as Thousand Buddha Mountain, its most glamorous and proud name is Mount Li, or Mount Shun.
The mountain isn’t big, but it’s ancient and elegant. As you ascend the western side of the mountain, the first thing you encounter is the Tanghuai Pavilion. This place was originally the Zeng Gong Shrine, later transformed into the Hu Guo Gong Shrine. Now renamed as Tanghuai Pavilion, the significance seems to have dwindled with each change. Then come the ‘Nine Points of Qi Smoke’, ‘Observing High and Low’, ‘Cloud Path Zen Gate’, ‘Peaks and Turns’ and other pavilions, each name corresponds perfectly to its exquisite scenery. Xing Guo Zen Temple is not large, but it has a certain charm. To the people of Jinan, it gives a feeling similar to the East Gate of Baotu Spring. Though old and small, it possesses an elegant charm that cannot be replaced by any lofty building.
Thousand Buddha Mountain, to the south of Jinan, and Daming Lake, to the north, are separated by a distance of five to six kilometers. Yet, the reflection of Thousand Buddha Mountain, which rises no more than 300 meters above sea level, graces the waters of Daming Lake, creating the wondrous sight known as the “Reflection of Buddha Mountain.” This natural phenomenon has captivated the imagination of countless generations, drawing admirers from afar to behold its splendor. At the dawn of the Yuan Dynasty, the eminent poet Yuan Haowen penned “Boating on Daming Lake,” wherein he wrote, “The mountain in the water seems more lovely still, a heap of mist that cannot be gathered,” capturing the essence and allure of the “Reflection of Buddha Mountain” with poetic grace.