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Let-7e-5p调控Fas/FasL影响小鼠变应性鼻炎发病的机制研究

2023-11-08唐桥斐曹建秋张爽

天津医药 2023年4期
关键词:变应性荧光素酶鼻炎

唐桥斐 曹建秋 张爽

摘要:目的 探討let-7e-5p对小鼠变应性鼻炎的影响及机制。方法 将18只BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法均分为对照(Control)组、变应性鼻炎(AR)组、let-7e-5p激动剂阴性对照(AR+agomir-NC)组、let-7e-5p激动剂(AR+agomir)组、let-7e-5p抑制剂阴性对照(AR+antagomir-NC)组和let-7e-5p抑制剂(AR+antagomir)组。除Control组外,其余组应用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏建立AR模型,AR+agomir组和AR+antagomir组同时给予let-7e-5p agomir或let-7e-5p antagomir进行干预,末次激发致敏后对小鼠变应性鼻炎进行评分,HE染色观察鼻黏膜组织,统计嗜酸性粒细胞数量,real-time PCR检测let-7e-5p、Fas、FasL mRNA表达,Western blot检测Fas、FasL蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、特异性IgE(sIgE)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-12、IL-4、IL-13水平,双荧光素酶实验分析let-7e-5p和Fas、FasL的靶向关系。结果 与Control组比较,AR组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分升高,鼻黏膜增生明显,嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加,let-7e-5p mRNA表达及IFN-γ、IL-12水平下降,Fas、FasL表达及IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平升高(均P<0.05)。与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分降低,鼻黏膜结构清晰,嗜酸性粒细胞数量减少,let-7e-5p mRNA表达及IFN-γ、IL-12水平升高,Fas、FasL表达及IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平下降(均P<0.05)。与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分升高,鼻黏膜增厚,嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加,let-7e-5p mRNA表达减少,Fas、FasL表达及IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平升高(均P<0.05),IL-12、IFN-γ水平差异无统计学意义。与NC+3'UTR-WT组比较,let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-WT组荧光素酶活性下降(P<0.05)。结论 Let-7e-5p通过靶向调节Fas/FasL影响1型辅助性T细胞(Th1)/2型辅助性T细胞(Th2)平衡,从而参与AR小鼠变应性鼻炎发病的进展。

关键词:鼻炎,变应性,常年性;疾病模型,动物;let-7e-5p;Fas;FasL;1型辅助性T细胞;2型辅助性T细胞

中图分类号:R765.21文献标志码:ADOI:10.11958/20221110

Study on the mechanism of let-7e-5p regulating Fas/FasL to affect the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis in mice

TANG Qiaofei CAO Jianqiu ZHANG Shuang

1 Department of Otolaryngology, 2 Department of Cadre, the Second Hospital of

Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110002, China

Corresponding Author E-mail: zs_5257@163.com

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of let-7e-5p on allergic rhinitis in mice. Methods Eighteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control group, the allergic rhinitis (AR) group, the let-7e-5p agonist negative control (AR+agomir-NC) group, the let-7e-5p agonist (AR+agomir) group, the let-7e-5p inhibitor negative control (AR+antagomir-NC) group and the let-7e-5p inhibitor (AR+antagomir) group. Except the control group, the other groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish AR model. The AR+agomir group and the AR+antagomir group were treated with let-7e-5p agomir or let-7e-5p antagomir at the same time for intervention. After the last sensitization, the allergic rhinitis of mice were scored. HE staining was used to observe nasal mucosa. The number of eosinophils was counted. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of let-7e-5p, Fas and FasL, and Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression levels of Fas and FasL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-4 and IL-13. The targeting relationship between let-7e-5p and Fas and FasL were analyzed by dual luciferase assay. Results Compared with the control group, the allergic rhinitis score was increased in the AR group, nasal mucosa hyperplasia was obvious and the number of eosinophils was increased. The expression levels of let-7e-5p and IFN-γ and IL-12 were decreased, while the expression of Fas and FasL and levels of IgE, sIgE, IL-4 and IL-13 were increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the AR+agomir-NC group, the allergic rhinitis score was decreased in the AR+agomir group, the nasal mucosa structure was clear and the number of eosinophils was reduced. The expression of let-7e-5p and levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased, while the expression of Fas and FasL and levels of IgE, sIgE, IL-4 and IL-13 were decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the AR+antagomir-NC group, the allergic rhinitis score was increased in the AR+antagomir group, the nasal mucosa was significantly thickened, and the number of eosinophils was increased. The expression of let-7e-5p was decreased, and the expression of Fas, FasL and levels of IgE, sIgE, IL-4 and IL-13 were increased (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in IL-12 and IFN-γ between the AR+antagomir-NC group and the AR+antagomir group (P>0.05). Compared with the NC+3'UTR-WT group, luciferase activity was decreased in the let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-WT group (P<0.05). Conclusion Let-7e-5p may affect the balance of T helper type 1 (Th1)/ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells by targeting Fas/FasL, and thus participate in the progression of AR in mice.

Key words: rhinitis, allergic, perennial; disease models, animal; let-7e-5p;Fas;FasL; T helper type 1; T helper type 2

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是耳鼻喉科常见病,严重影响患者生活质量[1-2]。研究显示,Fas是一种Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白,Fas和其配体(FasL)结合后的非凋亡信号活性可以介导免疫细胞促炎反应[3]。支气管哮喘患者发作期的血清可溶性Fas水平显著高于健康人群[4]。此外,AR患者鼻甲黏膜FasL的表达与免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平及鼻炎的严重程度密切相关[5]。因此,Fas/FasL信号可能参与AR发病,但具体调控机制尚不明确。Let-7e(又名let-7e-5p)是miRNAs大家族中的一员,在炎症反应过程中发挥重要作用[6]。研究显示,在AR和哮喘患者鼻黏膜中let-7e-5p的表达减少[7]。此外,let-7e-5p可以抑制白细胞介素(IL)-13诱导的鼻上皮细胞(nasal epithelial cells,NECs)炎症反应,降低IgE、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和组胺水平[8]。本课题组前期经生物信息学分析发现,Fas/FasL是let-7e-5p的潜在靶基因。因此,本研究拟建立AR小鼠模型,探索miR-let-7e靶向调控Fas/FasL参与AR发病的潜在分子机制,以期为AR临床治疗提供新型分子靶点。

1 材料与方法

1.1 主要材料 SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠18只,6~8周龄,体质量16~18 g,购自辽宁长生生物科技股份有限公司。动物生产许可证号:SCXK(辽)2015-0001,在标准动物实验条件下适应性饲养1周,自由摄食饮水。卵白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)购自美国Sigma公司,Fas抗体、FasL抗体、β-激动蛋白(β-actin)抗体购自沈阳万类生物科技有限公司,小鼠特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测试剂盒购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司,小鼠IgE、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、IL-4及IL-13 ELISA检测试剂盒购自杭州联科生物技术股份有限公司,IL-12 ELISA检测试剂盒购自武汉优尔生商贸有限公司,荧光素酶检测试剂盒购自江苏凯基生物科技股份有限公司,let-7e-5p agomir、let-7e-5p antagomir及阴性对照由上海吉玛制药技术有限公司合成,内参U6购自南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司。

1.2 AR模型建立及分组干预 采用随机数字表法将18只BALB/c小鼠均分为对照(Control)组、变应性鼻炎(AR)组、let-7e-5p激动剂阴性对照(AR+agomir-NC)组、let-7e-5p激动剂(AR+agomir)组、let-7e-5p抑制剂阴性对照(AR+antagomir-NC)组和let-7e-5p抑制剂(AR+antagomir)组。除Control组外,于实验1、7、14 d给予其余组小鼠腹腔注射200 μL含有25 μg OVA和2 mg Al(OH)3的生理盐水混悬液进行基础致敏,第21天开始自前鼻孔给予含3% OVA的生理盐水进行局部激发(20 μL/鼻孔),连续14 d(第21~34天)。第28~34天,于OVA激发前3 h向AR+agomir组小鼠鼻腔内滴入5 μmol/L的let-7e-5p agomir,向AR+antagomir组小鼠鼻腔内滴入5 μmol/L的let-7e-5p antagomir,向AR+agomir-NC组和AR+antagomir-NC组小鼠鼻腔内滴入等量阴性对照(10 μL/鼻孔),Control组和AR组小鼠于相同时间点给予等体积生理盐水。实验末对小鼠进行变应性鼻炎评分,然后静脉采血,处死各组小鼠,收集鼻黏膜组织,部分用液氮冻存转移至-80 ℃超低温冰箱保存,部分用4 %多聚甲醛固定,用于后续实验。

1.3 疗效观察

1.3.1 变应性鼻炎评分 最后1次鼻腔致敏后30 min内,对各组小鼠喷嚏个数、流涕和搔鼻情况进行评分,记录各症状总分值,取平均值作为该组小鼠的症状得分,评分标准见表1。

1.3.2 苏木精/伊红(HE)染色观察鼻黏膜组织病理学变化 鼻黏膜标本常规脱水、透蜡、包埋,制成5 μm厚切片,依次进行苏木素和伊红染色,梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明、封片,显微镜下观察染色效果。随机读取3个视野,统计各组小鼠鼻黏膜中嗜酸性粒细胞数量。

1.3.3 实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测let-7e-5p、Fas、FasL mRNA表达 使用TRIpure裂解液提取鼻黏膜总RNA,根据试剂盒说明书将RNA反转录成cDNA。以cDNA为模板,在real-time PCR仪上,用SYBR Green法进行实时定量PCR。引物序列见表2。反应条件:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性10 s,60 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环。采用2-ΔΔCt法计算let-7e-5p(U6为内参)和Fas、FasL(β-actin为内参)的相对表达量。

1.3.4 Western blot法检测Fas、FasL蛋白相对表达水平 提取鼻黏膜样本总蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白浓度,点样、SDS-PAGE、转印,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h,加入一抗Fas(1∶500)或者FasL(1∶500),4 ℃孵育过夜,洗膜后加入羊抗兔二抗IgG-HRP(1∶5 000),37 ℃孵育45 min,洗膜,喷洒增强化学发光(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)液,暗室內曝光显影,用Gel-Pro-Analyzer凝胶图像处理系统分析蛋白条带灰度,以β-actin为内参,计算蛋白相对表达量。

1.3.5 ELISA法检测炎性因子水平 小鼠眼窝静脉采血800 μL,血样凝集30 min,300 r/min、4 ℃离心2 min,收集血清,严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书测定IgE、sIgE、IFN-γ、IL-12、IL-4、IL-13水平。测定450 nm最大吸收波长和570 nm参考波长下的光密度(OD)值,OD校准值=OD450-OD570。以标准品浓度的OD值为横坐标,校准后的OD值为纵坐标,根据标准曲线计算各血清样本中炎性因子浓度。每孔重复检测3次,结果取平均值。

1.3.6 双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析let-7e-5p和靶基因的关系 通过microrna(http://www.microrna.org/microrna/getGeneForm.do)、mirdb(http://mirdb.org/)、targetscan(https://www.targetscan.org/vert_80/)數据库预测let-7e-5p与Fas/FasL潜在的结合位点。根据预测结果分别构建Fas 3'UTR、FasL 3'UTR的野生型(pmirGLO-Fas/FasL 3'UTR-WT)及突变型质粒(pmirGLO-Fas/FasL 3'UTR-MT),同let-7e-5p agomir共转染对数期293T细胞,分为NC+3'UTR-MT组、let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-MT组、NC+3'UTR-WT组及let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-WT组,每组设置3个平行孔。转染48 h后,应用双荧光素酶检测试剂盒分析萤火虫及海肾荧光素酶荧光强度,以海肾荧光素酶作为内参,计算萤火虫荧光素酶的相对值。

1.4 统计学方法 采用GraphPad Prism 7.0软件进行数据分析。符合正态分布的计量资料采用x±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组内多重比较采用Turkey法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 各组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分和炎性细胞浸润情况比较 与Control组比较,AR组变应性鼻炎评分升高,嗜酸性粒细胞数量增加(P<0.05);与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组变应性鼻炎评分降低,嗜酸性粒细胞数量减少(P<0.05);与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组变应性鼻炎评分升高,嗜酸粒细胞数量增加(P<0.05)。见表3。

2.2 各组小鼠鼻黏膜组织病理学变化 HE染色结果显示,AR组小鼠鼻黏膜上皮结构紊乱,增生明显,基底结构模糊;与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组上皮细胞排列相对整齐,偶见少量炎性细胞浸润,基底结构清晰;与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组鼻黏膜增厚明显,炎性细胞浸润严重,见图1。

2.3 各组鼻黏膜中let-7e-5p、Fas、FasL mRNA表达变化 与Control组比较,AR组let-7e-5p mRNA表达减少,Fas、FasL mRNA表达增加(P<0.05);与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组let-7e-5p mRNA表达增加,Fas、FasL mRNA表达减少(P<0.05);与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组let-7e-5p mRNA表达减少,Fas、FasL mRNA表达增加(P<0.05),见表4。

2.4 各组鼻黏膜中Fas、FasL蛋白表达变化 与Control组比较,AR组小鼠鼻黏膜中Fas及FasL蛋白的表达增加(P<0.05);与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组Fas、FasL蛋白的表达减少(P<0.05);与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组两指标的表达增加(均P<0.05)。见图2、表5。

2.5 各组血清IgE、sIgE及炎性因子水平比较 与Control组比较,AR组IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平升高,IL-12、IFN-γ水平降低(P<0.05);与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平降低(P<0.05),IL-12、IFN-γ水平升高(P<0.05);与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组IgE、sIgE、IL-4、IL-13水平升高(P<0.05),IL-12、IFN-γ水平差异无统计学意义,见表6。

2.6 let-7e-5p与靶基因Fas/FasL的调控关系 生物信息学预测分析发现,let-7e-5p在Fas、FasL 3'-UTR区存在结合位点,见图3、4。进一步采用双荧光素酶实验进行验证发现,与NC+3'UTR-WT组比较,let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-WT组的荧光素酶活性下降(P<0.05);与NC+3'UTR-MT组比较,let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-MT组的荧光素酶活性无明显变化(P>0.05),见表7。

3 讨论

miRNAs是一类长度为18~25个核苷酸的非编码RNA,在机体生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用[9]。let-7是最早被发现的miRNA之一,可以通过调节促炎因子IL-13、IL-6等发挥抗炎作用[10]。Let-7e-5p是let-7家族中的一员,在过敏性鼻炎、非过敏性鼻炎及哮喘患者鼻黏膜组织中的表达降低[11]。有研究显示,let-7e-5p可通过靶向细胞因子信号传导抑制因子(suppressor of cytokine signaling 4,SOCS4)调节JAK1/信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)的信号活性,抑制IL-13诱导的鼻上皮细胞炎症反应[8]。然而,有关AR小鼠中的let-7e-5p作用机制研究鲜见。本研究结果显示,let-7e-5p在AR小鼠鼻黏膜组织中的表达较Control组降低,与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分下降,鼻黏膜嗜酸性粒粒细胞数量减少,血清IgE、sIgE水平下降;而与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组小鼠变应性鼻炎评分升高,证实了let-7e-5p表达降低参与AR发病,其高表达可以改善AR小鼠过敏症状。

依據经典免疫学说,AR是体外环境因素作用于机体导致Th1/Th2免疫失衡而引起的以鼻黏膜Th2免疫反应为主的变应性炎症反应[12-13]。有研究发现,在MOG35–55多肽诱导的CD4+ T细胞模型中,let-7e-5p模拟物(mimics)促进细胞向Th1型分化,抑制其向Th2型分化,同时IFN-γ水平升高,IL-4水平降低[14]。在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者外周血单核细胞中,let-7e-5p的表达与IL-10呈负相关[15],而IL-10可促进Th2细胞分化,抑制Th1型免疫反应[16]。本研究结果显示,与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组小鼠血清中Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-13水平下降,Th1细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12水平升高;而与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组IL-4、IL-13水平升高,IFN-γ、IL-12水平无明显变化,表明let-7e-5p可能通过调节Th1/Th2细胞失衡,从而参与AR发病。

Fas和FasL属于肿瘤坏死超家族成员,是控制细胞凋亡的重要传导通路,参与调控外周血T细胞分化[17-18]。有研究显示,Fas/FasL通路活化可促进炎性细胞因子分泌,介导免疫逃逸[19]。Zhou等[20]研究证实,T-524通过抑制Fas/FasL通路活性,从而抑制炎症反应和肺组织细胞凋亡,改善呼吸机诱导的急性肺损伤。此外,Fas和FasL引起的细胞凋亡参与AR发病过程[21]。本研究通过生物信息学分析发现,Fas和FasL是let-7e-5p的潜在靶基因,提示let-7e-5p很可能靶向调节Fas/FasL来参与AR进展。为验证上述假设,本研究在对let-7e-5p进行过表达和沉默的基础上,检测Fas及FasL的表达,并应用双荧光素酶实验验证let-7e-5p是否靶向调节Fas和FasL。结果显示,与Control组比较,Fas、FasL在AR组小鼠鼻黏膜组织中的表达增加;与AR+agomir-NC组比较,AR+agomir组过Fas、FasL的表达减少;而与AR+antagomir-NC组比较,AR+antagomir组Fas、FasL的表达增加,表明let-7e-5p直接影响Fas和FasL表达。此外,双荧光素酶实验结果显示,let-7e-5p agomir+3'UTR-WT组的荧光素酶活性较NC+3'UTR-WT组明显降低,证实了let-7e-5p直接靶向结合Fas和FasL。

综上所述,let-7e-5p通过结合Fas/FasL 3'UTR区并抑制其表达,从而影响Th1/Th2细胞平衡及相关炎性因子释放,参与AR发病和进展过程。本研究进一步阐明了AR发病机制,为临床治疗提供了新型理论依据和分子靶点。

参考文献

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(2022-07-14收稿 2022-09-22修回)

(本文编辑 陆荣展)

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