Unit 6 Nature in words

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎训练

单词拼写?根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1. She b____down, picked up the rock, and threw it into the river.

2. The w____schedule may make you more aware of how you spend your time.

3. The first time I went there, I was struck by the delightful p____of the lake.

4. When I was a kid, I lived with my grandma and she sang r____to me every night.

5.If you have any problem, please call our i____, and they will come to you immediately.

6. The man____(坚称) that he was just defending himself when attacked.

7. Large paintings can____(增强) the feeling of space in small rooms.

8.He spent three years playing the guitar in the____(教堂) band and he took inspiration from that.

9. I went near the____(无辜的) dog and held it in my arms.

10. Dad grew a beard so as not to have the bother of____(刮胡子) every morning.

选择填空?用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

（talk away?come round?transform... into...?break out?come out）

1.After a long time, the rain finally stopped and the sun_______.

2.I came across an old friend in the cafe yesterday, and we____for two hours.

3.It is a surprise that the faraway village____a tourist city in the past few years.

4.Does everyone know what to do if a fire_______?

5.On entering the garden we all noted that spring_______. How amazing that was!

课文语法填空

First Snow

It is the first time that I___1___ (see) snow this year. It is not only an event but a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find___2___ (you) in another completely different. The secrecy and___3___ (quiet) will make it more magical. When I got up this morning, I found the world dead white and pale blues. The light___4___ (come) through the windows was very strange,___5___ made the familiar business of splashing, shaving, brushing and dressing strange too. When the sun came out, the snow became pink. The plum tree stood in full sunlight. An hour___6___ two later, everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue. I looked out___7___ my study window, and the ground went on and on, the sky was thick grey, and all the trees were black and in threatening shapes. Now the snow is falling___8___ (heavy), in great soft flakes, so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley. The___9___ (roof) are thick and the trees are all bending. From my study, I can see the children___10___ (flatten) their noses against the window.

1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____

6.____ 7.____ 8.____ 9.____ 10.____

能力提升

閱读理解

If you live in certain parts of the world, you will see something magical happen each fall. It is the changing of the color of the leaves on many different trees. Each year deciduous (落叶的) trees go through a process in which their green leaves become bright yellow, gold, orange and red before turning brown and falling onto the ground.

Photosynthesis (光合作用) is the process for trees to make their food. The leaves of a tree are where photosynthesis happens because the chlorophyll (叶绿素) in the leaves is what makes photosynthesis possible. Chlorophyll also has another job—it is what makes leaves green. When the seasons change in places where deciduous trees grow and the days get shorter and the weather gets colder, it is harder for the chlorophyll in the leaves to make the food needed to stay green. So instead of making more food, the leaves start using food they have stored away for this time of year.

As the leaves use the food that has been stored away, cells form at the bottom of each leaf. These cells act like a door between the leaf and the rest of the tree—a door that closes very slowly and doesnt shut until all the leafs food is gone. While this is happening, the colors in the leaves of the trees are able to show through. In fact, the red, yellow, gold and orange colors are hiding in the leaves all summer long. The colors just cant be seen in the summer because of all the chlorophyll in the leaves.

You might be wondering how the rest of the tree keeps growing when the weather turns cold and the leaves die and fall. Doesnt the rest of the tree need the food made by the trees leaves?

Not really. The tree trunk and branches get food from the roots of the tree. The roots supply water, vitamins and minerals they get from the ground. Trees need sunshine and warm weather to grow, but they also need time to rest like bears that sleep during the winter.

1. Why do leaves change colors?

A. They save energy to stay alive.                       B. They cant store food away.

C. They get used to the cold weather.                  D. They cant get enough energy from the sun.

2. Leaves fall off deciduous trees when___.

A. there is no sunlight any longer                        B. the chlorophyll in the leaves stops working

C. cells start to form at the bottom of each leaf  D. the food stored away in the leaves is used up

3. How do trees survive in winter?

A. By storing food in roots.                                 B. By storing food in branches.

C. By getting food from the ground.                    D. By making the most of the dead leaves.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To study how trees survive in winter.             B. To tell us the importance of photosynthesis.

C. To explain why leaves change colors and fall.                                       D. To show the changes of trees in the whole year.

閱读七选五

Nature is full of inspiration, and as such, it can easily serve as a reflection for writers. In nature, we might find metaphors for our own human experiences that we never considered before. For example, in literature, rivers are often regarded as symbols of life and the passage of time.___1___ Of course, its meeting with the ocean represents the end of life.

Over the last century, nature writing has also become a means of support for the environment by calling attention to environmental issues and trying to inspire a greater interest in nature.___2___ You can use these tips to practice nature writing.

___3___ The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you always have a notebook and pen at hand to write down your ideas and observations, no matter where you are. Dont assume that you can just write everything down when you get home.

Observe. When youre spending time in nature, dont worry about brainstorming the most poetic way to describe the falling leaves; you can always improve your writing later.___4___ Let your thoughts flow freely onto the paper.

Make connections. Yes, nature writing means a lot of writing about nature, but that doesnt mean your topics of discussion are limited to the sound of the wind and birds singing. If you find that certain memories or thoughts come up while youre spending time in nature, write those down too.___5___

A. Always be respectful of nature.

B. Always keep a notebook at hand.

C. This can help you practice building connections.

D. The source of rivers represents the beginnings of life.

E. For now, just focus on recording your own feelings and observations.

F. Nature writing has grown in popularity as a literary form in recent years.

G. Many of our favorite stories describe impressive adventures in the great outdoors.

1.____2.____3.____4.____5.____

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

单句语法填空?在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.I saw a few newspapers and magazines____(pile) on that table yesterday.

2.Micheal ran towards the injured bird and held it____(gentle) in his hand.

3.Perhaps the charm____the physical book will be lost one day, but I doubt it.

4.Farmers in some areas still prefer____(reap) their crops by hand.

5.The flowers still____(bloom) as brightly in early September as they had in July.

6.Rain____(sweep) in through the broken windows, making the floor wet.

7.Max,____instance, is a man of few words but we have no doubts about his abilities.

8.All color____(fade)—especially under the impact of direct sunlight.

單元语法填空?阅读下面短文，根据上下文语境，结合本单元所学语法知识完成短文。

Known as an inspector, Mike insisted that he should do the best he can___1___ (make) the production procedure of the factory examined every week. After___2___ (get) up every morning, he washed, shaved and then he went out___3___ (work). In the distance, he heard the rhyme___4___ (sing) from the church. He sighed and continued his way to his company. There he saw some cleaners___5___ (sweep) the ground thoroughly and other employees were busy unloading some piles of wheat from the wagon, which made him___6___ (puzzle). He really wanted to know what was going on.___7___ (find) out the truth, he went to the workers nearby___8___ (ask) what they were doing. Noticing the workers were trembling___9___ (express) himself, Mike was surprised___10___ (learn) what they were doing was against the rules of the company.

1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____

6.____ 7.____ 8.____ 9.____ 10.____

完形填空

I am deep in thought. The year draws to a(n)___1___. What will I accomplish (完成) in the next?

I look up at the___2___ in the distance. They are white now. Not long ago, they were brown. In the time I live in Idaho, I have the opportunity to watch the___3___ of seasons make their changes on those mountains I will never be___4___ of seeing.

My first___5___ of them came in September. The sides of the mountains were painted green with leaves. Near the top were pines. The days moved on. The weather___6___. The leaves browned. The mountains changed.

Fall___7___ to winter. I stood and watched the top of the mountains turn a blinding white. Im not a skier, but I imagined the fun of___8___ down the side of the mountain free, fast, and___9___.

Winter turned to___10___. The snow in the valley___11___. The weeks passed, the green in the valley flowed___12___ up the slopes like a reversed waterfall. The mountains were as I first saw them, green and leafy.

On this New Years Eve, the mountains are white again. I have seen so many changes, but are they changes? The mountains are never changing. Like people, they only change___13___ to fit the weather. They dont allow outside influences to___14___ what lie beneath their coats of changing colors. They are always the same.

Im in my third season of life. A little snow has___15___ at my peak. My clothing has changed to___16___ my season. Next year and all my years to follow, I want to be as constant as a mountain. Although my looks change, I want to be___17___. My body will change coats many times, but when my day is done, I want people to say, “No matter what the seasons of life___18___, he never changed inside. He never___19___ the pressures of the seasons or the weathers of life to change what he was underneath. He was___20___ a mountain you could rely on.”

1. A. close                   B. conclusion                 C. practice               D. agreement

2. A. ruins                   B. clouds                        C. trees                 D. mountains

3. A. variety                  B. order                 C. way                            D. cycle

4. A. tired                    B. informed             C. accused               D. convinced

5. A. sight                   B. intention              C. impression                 D. desire

6. A. warmed                B. cooled                 C. improved              D. continued

7. A. gave on                 B. gave way              C. gave rise              D. gave in

8. A. throwing                B. sliding                C. climbing              D. jumping

9. A. quietly                   B. calmly                       C. horribly                      D. excitedly

10. A. spring                B. summer               C. fall                  D. winter

11. A. multiplied            B. disappeared            C. remained                    D. expanded

12. A. steadily              B. immediately           C. suddenly              D. freely

13. A. rules                 B. colors                C. habits                 D. attitudes

14. A. uncover            B. change                C. expose                 D. remove

15. A. melted                B. slimmed              C. gathered               D. frozen

16. A. instruct               B. confirm               C. fit                    D. fight

17. A. inspiring              B. reliable                C. challenging            D. brave

18. A. made                       B. took                   C. presented              D. suffered

19. A. requested              B. expected               C. refused                       D. allowed

20. A. naturally              B. consequently           C. definitely              D. instantly

语法填空

Active people tend to put more value on things they have come to appreciate, like nature. From pioneers___1___ (head) west in the past to people exploring our beautiful national parks today, it seems that no matter how tech-obsessed our society is, we still have a natural need to connect with the natural world. Enter the nature novel: books that___2___ (primary) focus on people doing just that. The form of literature includes a wide variety of writing focusing on different___3___ (theme). Bill BrysonsA Walk in the Woodsis a humorous first-hand account of misadventures on the Appalachian Trail. Rachel CarsonsSilentSpringdocuments the awful effects of chemicals used to kill harmful animals or plants___4___ the environment and stresses the need for conservation efforts, and Henry David ThoreausWaldenis a___5___ (reflect) on the experience of living a simpler lifestyle in a natural setting. Clearly, nature writing contains an___6___ (end) variety of stories. Its what these stories have in common___7___ influences readers.

Nature novels allow us___8___ (look) back on simpler times. Although many recent inventions___9___ (make) life easier than before, many feel that our lives have been taken over by technology and social media. They long to disconnect for a while. If youre short of a camping trip, a nature novel may be___10___ best way to do that.

1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____

6.____ 7.____ 8.____ 9.____ 10.____

短文改錯

We are encouraged to be nice to other people. Besides, most people forget to be nice to the environment. As is wide acknowledged, the importance of environmental protection cant be ignored for the fact that we should make up the earth a good place to live on.

There are many ways to help reducing global warming. Walking is my preferred exercise, what I think is a good choice. If I had to go somewhere far away, Ill take the public transportations. Additionally, we try to encourage my friends and family to do the same. Its only when everyone does anything to help that we can hope to make difference together.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

单词填空?用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.You should give a____explanation of your book to help readers understand your message quickly and____. (precise)

2.Jenny had a____look on her face. Out of concern for her, I asked what made her so___. (puzzle)

3.Dale always behaves with____. Even in the presence of his parents, he also behaves____. (elegant)

4.Martin would be a good physician, I thought. He is calm and____, doing everything very____in his daily life. (thorough)

5.Alan does have a____for artificial intelligence. So he is____about the project. He always does what he enjoys and does it____and best. (passion)

6.Some people no longer have____when they grow up. However, some people still have an____heart at all times. (innocent)

单句表达?根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 环境专家呼吁大家重复利用并回收塑料袋。（urge... to...）

2. 不管你说什么，我都会坚持我之前做出的决定。（stand by）

3. 医生总是告诉我们，过量饮酒对我们的健康有害。（cause harm to）

4. 他讲得很清楚，所以大家都听懂了。（so that引导结果状语从句）

5. 如果不出意外，我明天去看你。（unless引导条件状语从句）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

（ban?insist?in the face of?urge... to...?be aware of

no matter whether...?not only... but (also)...?... so that...）

——————————————————————————————

阅读理解

A

In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.

His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American traveling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.

This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬禮) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.

Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

1. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?

A. His friends invitation.                                             B. His interest in the country.

C. His love for teaching.                                             D. His desire to regain health.

2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Making friends with the local people.        B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.

C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.        D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.

3. What word can best describe Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?

A. Romantic.                                           B. Eventful.                         C. Pleasant.                                                 D. Dangerous.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To introduce a book.                                        B. To remember a writer.

C. To explain a cultural phenomenon.                 D. To recommend a travel destination.

B

Plastic waste is rolling over land and sea, which has inspired numerous potential solutions. Some involve inventing our way out of the mess by creating new kinds of natural materials that will harmlessly degrade (降解) if theyre thrown away. Others say it might be quicker to change peoples throwaway behavior instead.

Among the first group is Stephen Mayfield. Hes a chemist who figured out how to turn various kinds of algae into raw plastic. Then he turns it into stuff people want.

Mayfield is a lifelong surfer whose lab in San Diego is in walking distance from the beach. His surfboards got him some attention, but thats not what he really wants to make.

It was a surfing trip to the Maldives islands in the Indian Ocean that persuaded him to focus on something else. One day, he asked his local hosts to take him to their most remote island. “And when I got to the windward side of the island, it was covered with dead flip-flops (人字拖),” Mayfield recalls.

So Mayfield now makes flip-flops from algae grown in tanks. What makes them special is that they can degrade if theyre left out in the environment.

Mayfield says theres some traditional petroleum-based polymer (聚合物) there, too. But all of the shoes will biodegrade into harmless materials. It just needs the right bacteria and moisture to break it down. Within about two years shoes will completely be gone.

Potentially the shoes being trash for two years isnt perfect, but Mayfield says its better than decades or even longer. The real problem, he says, is that new technology is a tough sell. Manufacturers are reluctant to take a risk on a new, unfamiliar product. “I cannot convince them,” he says. “The only thing that can convince them is the market.”

5. Why does Mayfield turn algae into raw plastic?

A. To test the use of algae.                         B. To change peoples behavior.

C. To help protect the environment.               D. To make use of the sea resources.

6. What made Mayfield decide to make flip-flops with algae?

A. His interest in surfing.                                B. His will to make surfboards.

C. Working in a lab in San Diego.                   D. Seeing dead flip-flops on the island.

7. What is the advantage of the flip-flops Mayfield makes?

A. They are easy to make.                          B. They can be recycled.

C. They are made from waste materials.            D. They can degrade in less than two years.

8. What is the text mainly about?

A. A man trying to save the ocean.               B. A kind of eco-friendly shoes.

C. A way to help protect the environment.        D. A debate on how to deal with plastics.

完形填空

In 1994, the Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was___1___ to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends, bringing them___2___ memories.

To his horror, he saw a totally different___3___. Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a seriously ill patient—everything was___4___ due to deforestation (濫伐森林),” Salgado said___5___ during a meeting on climate change in Paris.

Salgado___6___ that he should do something about it. Then he___7___ a bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which, beyond his expectations, received___8___ from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family___9___ and the results were remarkable.___10___, the land was changing: It was carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and animals living in the land before___11___. The land had been brought back to life. The___12___ familys hard work also impressed people around them. They___13___ cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.

“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the___14___ and I think every little bit of work___15___,” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.

1. A. sorry                          B. ready                C. eager                          D. willing

2. A. wonderful                  B. romantic                    C. painful                       D. complex

3. A. direction                    B. atmosphere            C. event                          D. sight

4. A. disturbed                   B. destroyed              C. banned                       D. replaced

5. A. calmly                       B. reluctantly                 C. sadly                          D. lightly

6. A. admitted                    B. realized              C. agreed                        D. proved

7. A. thought up                 B. laughed at             C. turned down               D. tried out

8. A. doubts                       B. permission           C. suggestions                D. support

9. A. backed off                 B. broke up             C. took action                 D. got through

10. A. Suddenly                 B. Eventually           C. Gradually                   D. Generally

11. A. escaped                   B. returned               C. approached                D. died

12. A. warmhearted           B. brave                   C. devoted                      D. considerate

13. A. avoided                   B. stopped                C. minded                       D. finished

14. A. comment                 B. promise                 C. offer                           D. effort

15.  A. increases       B. matches              C. improves    D. matters

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：自然景象。要求我们通过对本单元核心知识的学习，能够将我们看到的山川河流、花鸟虫鱼、四季景象等大自然的美好景象生动地描写出来，并寄情于景，表达自己的感受。

建议体裁：记叙文。

注意事项：写作时要注意描写的空间顺序、时间顺序和逻辑顺序。此外，要学会适当运用修辞手法（明喻、暗语和拟人）来突出自然景象的特点，使描写更加生动。另见下表：

题例导学

题目

请根据以下要点提示，写一篇有关“雪景”的英语短文。

要点提示：

1. 下雪时的景象；

2. 雪景中的人物活动；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：雪花 snowflake，打雪仗 have snowball fights

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 下雪时的景象：天空的颜色、大地/树木/房屋的颜色和样子、雪花飘落的状态、雪的大小等；

2. 人物活动：打雪仗、堆雪人、追逐嬉戏、拍照留念、欣赏雪景等；

3. 感受：雪景的美丽与奇妙，给人们带来的特别的经历与欢乐等。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 过了一会儿，雪花开始悄悄地飘落。（不定式作宾语）

2. 房子和树木都被白色的“被子”覆盖着。（be covered with）

3. 远远望去，我看到了一个美丽的银色世界。（现在分词短语作状语）

4. 一群孩子正开心地玩耍，打雪仗、堆雪人。（现在分词短语作补足语）

5.我喜欢雪，因为它美丽，也让我们的世界充满欢笑。（as well as, make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）

思路引导3·连句成篇

_______________________________

范例展示

At dusk, the weather became colder while the sky was gray. A moment later, the snowflakes began to fall quietly. Soon the land before my eyes was all white, like a beautiful blanket. Then it snowed more and more heavily. The houses and trees were all covered with white quilts.

The next morning, it stopped snowing and cleared up. I went into the yard. Looking far away, I saw a beautiful silver world. A group of children were playing happily, having snowball fights and building snowmen. Cold as it was, nobody felt cold in the white world.

I love snow for its beauty as well as its making our world full of laughter.

话题表达

请根据以下要点，以 “A Spring Morning”为题， 写一篇短文。

要点提示：

1. 春天早晨的自然景象；

2. 人物活动；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1.____the risk of 冒着……的危险

2.____谈个不停，喋喋不休

3.____再度发生，再次出现

4.____（太阳、月亮等）出现

5.____... into... 把……转变成……

6.____持续地

7. break____突然開始，爆发

8.____大量，大批

9.____for 渴望，向往

10.____difficulties 遭遇困难

11.____instance 例如

12. speak____提及，谈及

13.____sb to sth 使某人意识到某事

14.____尤其，特别

15.____harm to 对……造成伤害

16.____sb to do sth 敦促/呼吁某人做某事

17. the____……的攻擊对象

18.____坚持

19.____ones claim 捍卫某人的主张

20.____ones awareness of 提高某人对……的意识

句型

1. so that引导结果状语从句

… and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate…_________ (因此这确实仿佛有很长时间了) since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.

2. make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

The very secrecy and quietness of the thing_________ (使它更有魅力).

3. with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

The little plum tree outside, with the faintly flushed snow_________ (镶嵌在它的枝丫上)…, stood in full sunlight.

4. “no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句

There are various ways to describe the things...,_________ (不论它是不是一朵花), a weed, an animal or the rain.

5. unless引导条件状语从句

For_________ (除非我们真的听从) Rachel Carsons warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror...

开放式表达

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识就“自然与文学”的话题，同大家分享你读过的有关自然的文学作品（一本书或是一首诗歌）。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The theme of the book/poem is...

2. The most impressive part of the book/poem is...

3. By reading the book/poem, I have realized/learned that...