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基于荧光SSR构建中国糜子核心种质DNA分子身份证

2023-07-09薛亚鹏丁艺冰王宇卓王晓丹曹晓宁SantraDipak陈凌乔治军王瑞云

中国农业科学 2023年12期
关键词:糜子身份证种质

薛亚鹏,丁艺冰,王宇卓,王晓丹,曹晓宁,Santra Dipak K,陈凌,乔治军,王瑞云,

基于荧光SSR构建中国糜子核心种质DNA分子身份证

薛亚鹏1,丁艺冰1,王宇卓1,王晓丹1,曹晓宁2,Santra Dipak K3,陈凌2,乔治军2,王瑞云1,2

1山西农业大学农学院,中国山西太谷 030801;2山西农业大学农业基因资源研究中心/农业农村部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室/杂粮种质资源发掘与遗传改良山西省重点实验室,中国山西太原 030031;3内布拉斯加大学林肯分校农艺系小宗粮豆研究与推广中心,美国内布拉斯加州斯克茨布拉夫 69361

【目的】糜子(L.)作为一种古老的粟类作物,种质丰富,基于荧光SSR标记构建其DNA分子身份证可为资源的数字化管理提供理论依据和分子检测工具。【方法】以235份中国糜子核心种质为试验材料,对山西农业大学农学院糜子作物分子育种课题组前期开发的糜子特异性SSR标记进行多次PCR筛选和优化后获取核心引物。基于糜子参考基因组信息,经过BLAST序列比对后将核心标记进行染色体定位。在SSR引物的5′端标注荧光(FAM/HEX),利用毛细管电泳给出材料的基因型,采用“0,1”二进制编码方式记录扩增条带的有无,使用ID Analysis 4.0检测材料的区分程度。采用十进制(0—9)统计扩增片段大小以获得材料的字符串分子身份证。使用Popgene、Powermarker、MEGA、NTSYS进行遗传多样性、遗传聚类和主成分分析。利用二维码在线软件(https://cli.im/)给出材料的二维码DNA分子身份证。【结果】PCR扩增结果发现,7个荧光SSR(RYW3、RYW6、RYW11、RYW18、RYW37、RYW43和RYW125)组合在一起可以将235份材料全部区分开。BLAST结果表明,RYW18、RYW37分布在第2染色体,分别位于0.60和0.80 cM处;RYW125位于第4染色体,定位在10.40 cM处;RYW43、RYW6分布在第5染色体,分别位于52.80和53.00 cM处;RYW11和RYW3定位在第6染色体,分别位于2.10和20.70 cM处。遗传多样性分析结果表明,235份材料在7个位点共检出87个等位变异,每个位点检出3(RYW11)—25(RYW6)个,平均为12.4286;检出Shannon多样性指数()变幅为0.2055(RYW18)—2.0587(RYW6),平均1.1398;观测杂合度(o)为0.0086(RYW11)—0.9455(RYW18);期望观测杂合度(e)为0.0795(RYW18)—0.7452(RYW6);Nei’s基因多样性指数()为0.0793(RYW18)—0.7452(RYW6);多态性信息含量()为0.0334(RYW11)—0.8071(RYW6),平均为0.5185。聚类分析和主成分分析均将材料划归8个类群。将电泳条带进行数字编码,利用7个标记组合,构建了全部材料的字符串和二维码DNA分子身份证。【结论】以235份中国糜子核心种质为试验材料,利用PCR扩增和毛细管电泳筛选到7个糜子荧光SSR核心标记。基于糜子参考基因组信息将上述标记定位在4条染色体上。利用上述标记扩增供试材料,给出遗传多样性衡量参数,基于遗传距离将材料聚为8个类群,主成分分析解决了聚类结果中出现的偏差。依照最少引物区分最多种质的原则,利用十进制编码方式给出材料的字符串DNA分子身份证,结合表型数据,利用二维码在线软件构建了全部材料的二维码DNA分子身份证。

糜子;毛细管电泳;荧光SSR;DNA分子身份证

0 引言

【研究意义】糜子(L.)属于禾本科黍属,一年生喜温耐旱作物[1]。作为起源于中国的一种古老粟类作物[2],糜子在世界六大洲(亚洲、欧洲、非洲、南美洲、北美洲和大洋洲)均有分布,其中,中国、俄罗斯等国家种植面积较大[3-4]。在中国,北至内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市海拉尔市,南至海南省琼海市,西至新疆维吾尔自治区阿图什市,东至黑龙江省同江市,均有糜子分布,可划分为7个生态栽培区(东北春糜子区、华北夏糜子区、北方春糜子区、黄土高原春夏糜子区、西北春夏糜子区、青藏高原春糜子区、南方秋冬糜子区)[5-6]。在年均降水较低的干旱和半干旱地区,糜子是当地居民主粮;由于糜子具抗贫瘠特性,也是边远山区的开荒作物之一[7-8],适宜种植在中下等和边际农田。目前,世界上保存的糜子种质资源有20 000余份,国内占比近半[9]。因此,面对如此众多的资源,如何对其进行高效管理以便有效利用成为亟待解决的问题。【前人研究进展】由于受所处地理区域和温度等因素影响,异源四倍体糜子种质DNA信息繁杂[10],通过其差异可以进行资源辨别。基于SSR标记对国内外糜子种质资源的研究较多。薛延桃等[11]利用103个标记分析146份材料,发现国内野生资源的遗传差异高于国外,且中国河北省可能为糜子发源地。石甜甜等[12]利用144个标记检测96份材料,基于UPGMA聚类和主成分分析分别材料划归3个和6个类群。连帅等[13]利用63个标记评估192份资源,结果表明,中国是糜子起源中心。DNA条形码自2003年由加拿大学者提出,以DNA片段作为条形码快速准确识别和鉴定物种,多为针对DNA序列采用分子标记进行种内鉴定。DNA分子身份证是将种质资源的DNA片段转化为特有的字符串、条形码或二维码等,并加入其他的品质等相关信息,达到对材料的数字化管理[14-16]。李清等[17]用30个SSR分析96份大豆()种质资源,发现仅用其中的6个标记即可构建全部材料的DNA分子身份证。樊晓静等[18]基于24个SNP标记分析103份国内外茶树()资源,首先构建了指纹图谱,结合种质来源、品质等信息构建了所有材料的DNA分子身份证。张枭等[19]用14个SSR扩增48份山楂()资源,将材料划分为2类,并构建了各材料的DNA分子身份证。与传统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳相比,荧光毛细管电泳检测更为精确,且重复性好、分析通量大[20],荧光SSR标记得到广泛应用。王瑞云等[21]利用15个荧光SSR对中国11个省/区的132份糜子材料进行了遗传多样性分析,将材料划归4个群组。冉昆等[22]开发了40个SSR,检测45份山东地区的梨(L.)种质资源,发现仅用其中的10个标记加注荧光后即可构建全部材料的DNA分子身份证。郭艳春等[23]用46个核心SSR分析64份黄麻()应用核心种质,发现仅用其中的12个标记加注荧光后即可将全部材料区分,同时构建了材料的DNA分子身份证。郑永胜等[24]利用2 438个SSR扩增8个小麦材料,筛选出260个多态性标记,加注荧光后扩增48份小麦育成品种,发现42个荧光标记可用于鉴定小麦品种。【本研究切入点】糜子作为中华民族农耕文明的载体作物,由于产量低下,与世界五大粮食作物水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦、高粱相比,基础研究薄弱,SSR标记缺乏,影响DNA分子身份证的构建。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究拟以糜子微核心种质为材料,利用荧光SSR标记构建材料的DNA分子身份证,为糜子种质资源的快速准确鉴定提供分子检测工具。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

所用材料为糜子(L.)的核心种质,共计235份[25],由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所提供(电子附表1)。

1.2 DNA提取

剪取糜子三叶期叶片,采用CTAB改良法[26]提取基因组DNA,DNA完整性、纯度和浓度检测方法同文献[27]。

1.3 引物筛选

利用14份地理来源(分别来自中国的山西、黑龙江、广东、新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、河北、西藏、辽宁、山东、吉林、陕西和宁夏,以及印度)存在差异的糜子材料(表1)筛选山西农业大学糜子作物分子育种课题组前期开发的169个SSR[27-28],在条带清晰、多态性好的标记引物5′端标注荧光基团。PCR扩增体系及反应程序同薛亚鹏等[29],荧光引物合成、PCR扩增产物检测、毛细管电泳结果分析均由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司完成。

1.4 DNA分子身份证的构建

将毛细管电泳获得的DNA分子量,进行数字(根据片段位置区分,同一位置有条带记为1,无条带记为0)+数字化处理。用资源特征分析软件ID Analysis 4.0检测材料是否完全区分;用PowerMarker3.25、PopGene 1.32、MEGA 5.0和NTSYS 2.11进行遗传多样性参数的计算、UPGMA聚类和主成分分析[30-32];将引物扩增获得的带型按分子量从小到大依次排列,用数字进行编码,由此组成字符串DNA分子身份证。利用二维码在线技术(https://cli.im/)将材料的基本信息(包括名称、统一编号、来源地、字符串)转化为可扫描的二维码DNA分子身份证。

2 结果

2.1 引物筛选

利用169个SSR扩增14份糜子材料(表1),用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测PCR产物,筛选到40个多态性好的标记,用其扩增32份微核心种质(未列出),发现15个标记条带清晰(表2),在其引物5′端添加荧光基团FAM/blue或HEX/green。

表2 15对荧光SSR引物信息

2.2 基于核心引物的235份材料的遗传多样性参数

利用15对荧光SSR引物扩增235份材料,发现7对引物(RYW3、RYW6、RYW11、RYW18、RYW37、RYW43和RYW125)组合在一起可以将全部材料区分开;经过blast比对,确定了7个标记在糜子染色体上的位置(图1)。RYW18、RYW37分布在第2染色体,分别位于0.60和0.80 cM处;RYW125位于第4染色体,定位在10.40 cM处;RYW43、RYW6分布在第5染色体,分别位于52.80和53.00 cM处;RYW11和RYW3定位在第6染色体,分别位于2.10和20.70 cM处。

利用7对荧光SSR引物扩增235份材料,部分材料毛细管电泳检测条带图见图2(RYW43),标记的荧光有2种,除RYW43为绿色外,其他6个均为蓝色。从7对引物的多态性信息位点及条带编码(表3)可以看出,7对引物共扩增出125个多态性条带,平均每对引物扩增17.85个。

用7对引物扩增235份材料,从表4可以看出,235份材料在7个位点共检出87个等位变异,平均每个位点为12.4286个,变幅为3.0000(RYW11)—25.0000(RYW6);检出的Shannon多样性指数()为0.2055(RYW18)—2.0587(RYW6),平均为1.1398;观测杂合度(o)为0.0086(RYW11)—0.9455(RYW18),平均为0.5158;期望观测杂合度(e)为0.0795(RYW18)—0.7469(RYW6),平均为0.5176;Nei’s基因多样性指数()为0.0793(RYW18)—0.7452(RYW6),平均为0.5163;多态性信息含量()为0.0334(RYW11)—0.8071(RYW6),平均为0.5185。

利用7对核心引物对235份糜子种质进行区分(表5)。7个引物的区分率为0.00%(RYW18)—7.23%(RYW6);其中RYW43和RYW125均可区分16份(6.81%),RYW3可区分10份(4.26%),RYW11和RYW37均可区分较少材料(2份,0.85%)。6个引物组合的区分率为19.57%(RYW3+RYW6)—100%(RYW3+RYW6+RYW11+RYW18+RYW37+RYW43+RYW125);其中,2引物和3引物组合仅能区分约1/5(19.57%、20.42%)的材料,4引物组合可区分约1/4(26.38%)的材料,5引物组合仅可区分37.45%的材料,而6引物组合则可区分材料近70%(68.51%),最终用7引物组合将全部材料分开。

2.3 235份糜子种质资源的聚类分析

基于UPGMA对235份糜子材料进行聚类(图3)。可以看出,235份材料划归8个类群。每个类群包括材料数目不同,其中,类群Ⅲ最多,有80份,来自除青藏高原春糜子区的其余6个生态区和其他国家;其次为类群Ⅱ,有56份,来自糜子7个生态区和其他国家;第三为类群Ⅷ,有46份,来自除青藏高原春糜子区的其余6个生态区和其他国家;第四为类群Ⅳ和Ⅵ均有16份;类群Ⅴ和Ⅰ较少,分别有11和10份;类群Ⅶ最少,仅有1份。黄土高原春夏糜子区的材料在6个类群(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅷ)中均有分布,分别为20、20、2、6、2和5份。

表3 7对核心引物毛细管电泳结果及带型编码

图2 RYW43扩增部分材料的毛细管多态性电泳图

表4 7对荧光SSR的遗传多样性参数

材料编号同附表1 The accession number is the same as the Supplemental Table 1

图4 基于SSR的235份糜子资源的主成分分析图

2.4 235份糜子种质资源的主成分分析

根据基因分型对235份糜子资源进行主成分分析(图4)。可以看出,前3个主成分分别解释了基因总变异的79.05%(PC1)、6.26%(PC2)和3.87%(PC3)。将糜子参试材料分为8类,与材料的来源地基本一致。

2.5 235份糜子种质资源DNA分子身份证的构建

对毛细管电泳结果进行“数字”编码,将每个引物的特征编码结合形成特定的字符串(电子附表2)。如白糜子(00000101)的字符串为12150301040418,表示用引物RYW3、RYW6、RYW11、RYW18、RYW37、RYW43、RYW125扩增材料后,对应的片段分别为149/169/198(12)、195/242(15)、213/223(03)、376(01)、196/203/209(04)、181(04)和202/227(18);黄糜子(00000333)的字符串10180301030018,表示用引物RYW3、RYW6、RYW11、RYW18、RYW37、RYW43和RYW125扩增材料后,分别对应片段149/156(10)、195/242/373(18)、213/223(03)、376(01)、196/203(03)、0(00)和202/227(18);依此类推。在上述字符串基础上,加入材料的其他信息(统一编号、名称和来源等),一并导入二维码在线生成器,获得材料的二维码DNA分子身份证,材料1—12的二维码DNA分子身份证见图5,其他材料的图例见附图1。

图5 材料1—12的二维码DNA分子身份证

3 讨论

3.1 糜子特异性SSR标记的染色体定位

SSR标记是种质资源遗传差异的重要分子检测工具,在小麦、大豆等作物中广泛运用[15-17, 24]。截至2017年,王瑞云研究发现糜子中开发的SSR仅有2 631个,其中,糜子特异性标记为2 326个,其他为种间标记[8]。近年来,基于RNA-Seq高通量测序手段构建了215个SSR标记,但是均没有定位在染色体上[10, 21, 28, 33]。2019年,随着糜子基因组测序结果的公布,本研究通过blast比对,将7个SSR标记定位在糜子的4条染色体(Chr.2、Chr.4、Chr.5和Chr.6)上。其中一个SSR为低基元(RYW125),位于Chr.4的10.40 cM处。其他6个均为高基元,RYW18和RYW37分别分布在Chr.2的0.60和0.80 cM处;RYW43和RYW6分别分布在Chr.5的52.80和53.00 cM处;RYW11和RYW3分布在Chr.6的2.10和20.70 cM处。2023年,以育成品种晋黍7号为材料,构建了全基因组精细序列图谱,探明异源四倍体糜子处于二倍化的早期阶段,亚基因组优势正在建立,突变可能更多地发生在标记为较低表达水平的基因上[34]。目前,鉴定糜子粳糯性的Indel功能标记(RYW214)已经开发[35],一批SSR标记将被锚定在染色体上,有益于糜子育种中亲本材料的选配。

3.2 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和毛细管电泳的DNA扩增片段多态性检测差异

人类要全面发展,健康首当其冲,《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》引导人们合理膳食,不仅需要主粮(如小麦)支撑,杂粮(糜子)更是不可或缺[36]。郝晨阳等[37]以小麦为材料,比较了SSR聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和荧光SSR毛细管电泳检测手段的差异,发现后者的效率是前者的7—8倍。糜子方面,陈小红等[38]以130份糜子为试验材料,用SSR银染检测,发现用17个SSR可以区分全部材料,本研究以235份糜子核心种质为材料,发现仅用7个荧光SSR即可区分全部材料,材料多于前者,标记少于前者,灵敏度明显高于前者。林元香[39]则以272份山西糜子资源为材料,比较了SSR和荧光SSR的检测结果,发现后者是前者的7倍。

3.3 基于土特产的多元化黄米食品

中国素有“饮食王国”之美誉,糜子食品数不胜数。糜子脱壳后称黄米,磨粉后可制作各种面食。基于一方水土,开发糜子乡土资源。糜子是中华民族农耕文明的载体作物,曾在长城内外、黄河两岸众多区域均有分布。突出地域特点,体现当地风情。炒米曾是陕甘宁边区和内蒙古自治区游牧民族在马背上营生的主食,油糕是许多地方婚丧嫁娶中必不可少的一道食品。2022年4月,中国农业大学出版社出版了沈群主编的《杂粮与科学的美味邂逅》。山西省有许多黄米食品,包括平定县的油糕和稷米面煎饼、盂县的枣介糕、阳高县的素糕、长治市壶关县的小车刀切糕、临汾市的黄米蒸饭、忻州市定襄县的黄米粽子、岚县的糜子粉和河曲县的糜米酸粥等。陕西的黄米食品有延安市黄陵县的黄黄馍,又叫黄黄,原料为硬糜子。河北地区的薛家窝头,又叫黄金塔,是光绪年间的朝廷贡品,缘于薛木延在李贾村过庙赶集售卖时被李连英发现,慈禧太后品尝后大加赞赏。北京和天津一带的黄米食品有驴打滚,又叫豆面糕/豆面卷子,始于清朝,是沾满豆面的年糕。东北地区的黄米食品有黏豆包,冬季餐桌不可或缺,贮藏于户外缸中;朝鲜族的黄米打糕/引绝饼,又叫黄打糕[36]。

真正建成糜子产业,形成集群。2012年,陕西省府谷县被中国粮食行业协会命名为“中国黄米之乡”,建有高标准糜子种植基地,百亩样板田曾创造亩(667 m2)产410 kg的全国纪录,深加工企业将黄米产品推销至世界各地。2018年,100名志愿者在“品味府谷”美食文化节上拼接4.5万片黄米糕创下“最长油炸糕点”吉尼斯世界纪录。2021年,府谷黄米入选全国名特优新农产品名录。2023年,陕西省府谷县糜子(黄米)产业协会创作了《黄米歌谣》。众多的糜子食品来源于数以万计的糜子种质资源,要想做出具有地方特色和口感正宗的黄米食品,必须探明资源本底,搞清其遗传差异,构建资源的二维码DNA分子身份证可以有效鉴别资源。陈小红等[38]构建糜子的分子身份证仅采用二进制的“0,1”,本研究所构建的分子身份证还采用了十进制(0—9)。为了搞清全世界2万余份糜子资源的遗传背景,构建其DNA分子身份证,山西农业大学糜子作物分子育种课题组正在研发三十二进制和六十四进制以及更高进制的编码方法,助力世界人民粮食安全和膳食营养平衡。

另外,主成分分析可以解决UPGMA聚类结果中出现的偏差。何杰丽等[28]基于EST-SSR评估国内外不同生态区的144份糜子资源,UPGMA聚类结果表明,黄土高原春夏糜子区的材料(50号(紫杆白黍)和107号(野糜))分布在不同类群中,分别划归类群C12和C2,而主成分分析则将2份材料均划归在黄土高原春夏糜子区。本研究也有类似现象发生,聚类结果表明,东北春糜子区的材料(59号(金县黄糜子)和235号(2048)、5号(大白黍)和6号(蚂蚱眼))分布在不同类群中,前两者划归类群Ⅲ,后两者划归类群Ⅷ,而主成分分析则将全部材料均划归为一类。

4 结论

基于糜子参考基因组信息,在4条染色体(Chr.2、Chr.4—Chr.6)上定位了7个特异性SSR标记。基于十进制编码方式,采用荧光SSR标记毛细管电泳检测手段构建了235份中国糜子核心种质的二维码DNA分子身份证,构建的分子身份证互不相同,可以将材料完全区分开。

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附表1 参试糜子材料的品种及来源

supplement table 1 The varieties and sources of the broomcorn millet material to be tested

统一编号Code序号Number名称Name来源Source 000001011白糜子Baimeizi中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 000002812Jan-55黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 000003333黄糜子Huangmeizi中国吉林Jilin, China 000004374大红黍Dahongshu中国辽宁Liaoning, China 000004405大白黍Dabaishu中国辽宁Liaoning, China 000004546蚂蚱眼Mazhayan中国辽宁Liaoning, China 000004787黄旗糜子Huangqimeizi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 000005258巴林左疙瘩黍Balinzuogedashu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 000006509准旗酱黄黍Zhunqijianghuangshu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000068410伊盟良56-2黍Yimengliang56-2shu巴盟农业科学研究所Bameng agricultural science institute 0000075611小黍子Xiaoshuzi中国河北Hebei, China 0000105512鸡冠黍Jiguanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000145313软糜子Ruanmeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000152814黑软黍Heimeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000155915红软黍Huangruanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000161116一点黄Yidanhuang中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000183917扫帚软糜Saozhouruanmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000216018和林红糜子Helinhongmeizi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000247319伊选大红糜Yixuandahongmei伊盟农业科学研究所Yimeng agricultural science institute 0000268420张掖老黄糜子Zhangyelaohuangmeizi中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000304121广河黄糜Guanghehuangmei中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000305622黄糜子Huangmeizi中国新疆Xinjiang, China 0000314423本地糜子Bendimeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000317724花糜 Huamei中国山西Shanxi, China 0000323725小黄黍Xiaohuangmei中国山西Shanxi, China 0000328926紫杆黍Ziganshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000340527白糜子Baimeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000364028小红糜Xiaohongmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000419829金守黍Jinshoushu中国广东Guangdong, China 0000423030西北天糜子(黍)Xibeitianmeizi (shu)中国吉林Jilin, China 0000441131蚂蚱眼Mazhayan中国山东Shandong, China 0000557432黄糜子Huangmeizi中国青海Qinghai, China 0000570033翰章黄糜Hanzhanghuangmei中国吉林Jilin, China 0000570834千沟黄糜子Qiangouhuangmeizi中国吉林Jilin, China 00005884358311/4/5伊盟农业科学研究所Yimeng agricultural science institute 0000612736黍子Shuzi中国河北Hebei, China 0000643837乌克兰黍Wukelanshu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000679838宁夏黄糜Ningxiahuangmei宁夏农业科学院Ningxia academy of agricultural sciences 0000707139黍米(糜)Shumid(mei)中国河北Hebei, China 0000729740贺兰大红Helandahong中国宁夏Ningxia, China 0000733241鼓鼓头糜Gugutoumei中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000750242黄皮糜Huangpimei中国青海Qinghai, China 0000762943吉林黍Jilinshu中国吉林Jilin, China 0000766744外引黍4号Waiyinshu 4 hao美国USA 0000767745A85-6中国山西Shanxi, China 0000783246嫩黍23Neishu23中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000008247黄糜子Huangmeizi中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000010248黑鹅头Heietou中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000012149红鹌鹑尾Hong anchunwei中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000013250鹌鹑尾Anchunwei中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000014751麦糜子Maimeizi中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000014952小麦糜子Xiaomaimeizi中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000018353黑糜子Heimeizi中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 00000277545-Feb黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 0000033055黎糜子Limeizi中国吉林Jilin, China 0000038856黑糜子Heimeizi中国吉林Jilin, China 0000040557黑糜子Heimeizi中国吉林Jilin, China 0000043658黄糜子Huangmeizi中国辽宁Liaoning, China 0000047559金县黄糜子Jinxianhuangmeizi中国辽宁Liaoning, China 0000048260呼盟黑粘糜Humengheinianmei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000056961五原黑黍子Wuyuanheishuzi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000058262临河双粒黍Linheshuanglishu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000060763杭后小青黍Hanghouxiaoqingshu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 0000060964巴盟黄黍子Bamenghuangmeizi巴盟农业科学研究所Bameng agricultural science institute 0000070265惠农黄粘黍Huinonghuangnianshu中国宁夏Ningxia, China 0000071066皋兰鸭蛋青Gaolanyadanqing中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000074267灵合红粘糜Linghehongnianmei中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000074768清水粘糜子Qingshuinianmeizi中国甘肃Gansu, China 0000075069白糜子baimeizi中国新疆Xinjiang, China 0000080470骨都白Gudubai中国河北Hebei, China 0000081571黑糜子Heimeizi中国河北Hebei, China 0000082272粘黍子Nianmeizi中国河北Hebei, China 0000082573高粱黍Gaoliangshu中国河北Hebei, China 0000082974小白黍Xiaobaishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000084075六十天小红黍Liushitianxiaohongshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000084576老来红Laolaihong中国山西Shanxi, China 0000093677跳蚤黍Tiaozaoshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000095778污咀黍Wuzuishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000099179小白黍Xiaobaishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000099880大瓦灰Dawahui中国山西Shanxi, China 0000105681灶黑白Zaoheibai中国山西Shanxi, China 0000112182黄罗黍Huangluoshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000118283小白粘糜子Xiaobainianmeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000125184小黑黍Xiaoheishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000128385条帚软糜Tiaozhouruanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000131286白粘黍Bainianshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000133187狗尾蛋Gouweidan中国山西Shanxi, China 0000146788白黍Baishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000147889软黍Ruanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000150090黑灰软黍Heihuiruanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000153091红糜子Hongmeizi中国山西Shanxi, China 0000154792白黍Baishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000155393黑黍Heishu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000158194白软黍Bairuanshu中国山西Shanxi, China 0000159995灰软糜Huiruanshu中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000160196紫秆红黍Ziganhongshu中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000166597大红糜Dahongmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000176898白软糜Bairuanmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 0000178599黑软糜Heiruanmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00001812100小红软糜Xiaohongruanmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00001818101黄软糜Huangruanmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00001897102红糜Hongmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00001951103黄黍子Huangshuzi中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00001987104熟谷Shugu中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China 0000202310515黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 000020321066黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 00002062107开鲁板黄糜Kailubanhuangmei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002142108农乌4号青糜Nongwu 4 qingmei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002155109丰镇大白糜Fengzhendabaimei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002231110五原小黄糜Wuyuanxiaohuangmei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002368111达旗大黄糜子Daqidahuangmeizi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002385112达旗青糜子Daqiqingmeizi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002416113准旗紫秆红糜Zhunqiziganhongmei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00002502114伊盟75066-5-2糜Yimeng 75066-5-2mei伊盟农业科学研究所Yimeng agricultural science institute 00002530115贺兰二黄Helanerhuang中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00002583116密穗红misuihong中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00002614117小黄糜子Dahuangmeizi中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00002628118大红糜子Dahongmeizi固原农业科学研究所Guyuan agricultural research institute 00002641119西吉小黄糜Xijixiaohuangmei中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00002651120宁糜6号Ningmei 6宁夏农业科学院Ningxia academy of agricultural sciences 00002687121民乐红糜子Minlehongmeizi中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002712122景泰疙瘩红Jingtaigedahong中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002741123永登小黑糜Yongdengxiaoheimei中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002800124靖远紫秆Jingyuanzigan中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002901125华池黄草红糜Huachihuangcaohongmi中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002930126宁县竹叶青黄硬糜Ningxianzhuyeqinghuangyingmei中国甘肃Gansu, China 00002932127宁县大黄粘糜子Ningxiandahuangnianmeizi中国甘肃Gansu, China 00003039128东乡朵麻糜Dongxiangduomamei中国甘肃Gansu, China 00003111129红糜Hongmei中国新疆Xinjiang, China 00003117130黄糜Huangmei中国新疆Xinjiang, China 00003127131糜Mei中国新疆Xinjiang, China 00003167132小青糜Xiaoqingmei中国山西Shanxi, China 00003368133黍子Shuzi中国山西Shanxi, China 00003376134黄硬黍Huangyingshu中国山西Shanxi, China 00003559135黄硬黍Huangyingshu中国山西Shanxi, China 00003561136当地糜Dangdimei中国山西Shanxi, China 00003586137黑糜子Heimeizi中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00003656138二黄糜Erhuangmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00003678139小红糜Xiaohongmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00004200140黄稷子Huangjizi中国安徽Anhui, China 00004203141白稷子Baijizi中国江苏Jiangsu, China 00004228142黑糜子黍Heimeizishu中国吉林Jilin, China 00004267143小白黍Xiaobaishu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00004268144小红黍Xiaohongshu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00004314145正宁红粘糜(黍)Zhengninghongnianmei(shu)中国甘肃Gansu, China 00004368146白粒黍Bailishu中国山东Shandong, China 00004415147白黍子Baishuzi中国山东Shandong, China 00004580148黍子Shuzi中国山东Shandong, China 00004677149红软糜(黍)Hongruanmei(shu)中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00004704150白壳糜(黍)Baikemei(shu)中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00004800151红糜(黍)Hongmei(shu)中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00004863152034-2黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 00004866153红糜子Hongmeizi中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00004881154狼山462Langshan 462巴盟农业科学研究所Bameng agricultural science institute 00004985155庆阳饿死牛Qingyangesiniu中国甘肃Gansu, China 00005008156张川麻糜子Zhangchuanmameizi中国甘肃Gansu, China 00005169157黑稷子Heijizi中国山东Shandong, China 00005191158塞盖德斯Saigaidesi中国山东Shandong, China 00005241159灰糜子Huimeizi中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00005245160红硬糜Hongyingmei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00005452161夯糜子Hangmeizi中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00005472162枭头糜Xiaotoumei中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00005532163大黄糜Dahuangmei中国青海Qinghai, China 00005583164黑子Heizi中国青海Qinghai, China 000058391658403/7/2伊盟农业科学研究所 Yimeng agricultural science institute 00006036166小红黍Xiaohongshu中国河北Hebei, China 00006159167蚂蚱眼Mazhayan中国河北Hebei, China 00006175168大黄黍Dahuangshu中国河北Hebei, China 00006200169大紫秆Dazigan中国河北Hebei, China 00006234170河间白黍子Hejianbaishuzi中国河北Hebei, China 00006248171小红黍Xiaohongshu中国河北Hebei, China 00006253172黍子Shuzi中国河北Hebei, China 00006257173青龙黄黍子Qinglonghuangshuzi中国河北Hebei, China 00006310174紫秸白Zijiebai中国河北Hebei, China 000064831752096黑龙江农业科学院 Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 000064841762275黑龙江农业科学院 Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 000064931772228黑龙江农业科学院Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences 00006523178黄黍Huangshu中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00006528179内黍一点红Neishuyidianhong中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00006557180榆3-39 Yu3-39山西品种资源研究所 Shanxi institute of variety resources 00006570181眼皮薄Yanpibao中国吉林Jilin, China 00006575182黄糜(黍)Huangmei(shu)中国山东Shandong, China 00006580183黍子Shuzi中国山东Shandong, China 00006632184黄黍子Huangshuzi潍坊农业科学研究所 Weifang institute of agriculture and science 00006655185糯黍Nuoshu中国海南Hainan, China 00006681186札达糜Zhadamei中国西藏Xizang, China 00006682187古浪半个红Gulangbangehong中国甘肃Gansu, China 00006764188典型紫秆野糜Dianxingziganyemei中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China 00006766189野糜子Yemeizi中国新疆Xinjiang, China 00006776190海原紫秆红Haiyuanziganhong固原农业科学研究所 Guyuan agricultural research institute 00006811191羊眼睛青糜子Yangyanjingqingmeizi固原农业科学研究所 Guyuan agricultural research institute 00006842192丰双-4Shuangfeng-4固原农业科学研究所 Guyuan agricultural research institute 00006854193红花糜子Honghuameizi固原农业科学研究所 Guyuan agricultural research institute 00007131194白黍子Baishuzi中国河北Hebei, China 00007220195白黍子Baishuzi中国河北Hebei, China 00007258196黄糜Huangmei中国辽宁Liaoning, China 00007265197太原3164Taiyuan3164山西品种资源研究所 Shanxi institute of variety resources 00007269198太原3048Taiyuan3048山西品种资源研究所 Shanxi institute of variety resources 00007291199平罗二黄Pingluoerhuang中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00007344200吐鲁番Turpanmi中国新疆Xinjiang, China 00007361201雁北天糜Yanbeitianmei中国山西Shanxi, China 0000736620278前苏联Former Russia 00007367203支多奥斯支Chidoosch前苏联Former Russia 00007369204色查尔托Sacherto波兰Poland 00007371205灰糜Huimei波兰Poland 00007391206790051印度India 00007417207腊黄糜Lahuangmei中国青海Qinghai, China 00007430208土黄糜Tuhuangmei中国青海Qinghai, China 00007455209牛尾黄Niuweihuang中国青海Qinghai, China 00007468210灰糜子Huimeizi中国青海Qinghai, China 00007478211白圪塔糜Baigedamei中国青海Qinghai, China 00007479212黄粒糜Huanglimei中国青海Qinghai, China 00007518213A75-2中国辽宁Liaoning, China 00007564214B75-8中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007664215外引黍1号Waiyinshu1美国USA 00007681216A85-10中国山西Shanxi, China 00007700217A85-29中国农业科学院Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 00007716218A85-45中国山东Shandong, China 00007740219B85-10中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007750220B85-20中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007755221B85-25中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007798222B85-68中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007844223A75-45中国甘肃Gansu, China 00007869224A75-70中国山西Shanxi, China 00007889225E75-30中国甘肃Gansu, China 00007917226A85-70中国甘肃Gansu, China 00007922227A85-75中国甘肃Gansu, China 00007927228A85-80中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007935229A85-88中国宁夏Ningxia, China 00007948230A85-101中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007963231B85-62中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007973232B85-72中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00007991233B85-90中国陕西Shaanxi, China 00008016234紫秆糜Ziganmei中国山西Shanxi, China 000064572352048嫩江农业科学研究所 Nenjiang institute of agriculture and science

附表2 参试糜子材料的字符串

supplement table 2 Character string of the broomcornmillet material to be tested

序号Number统一编号Code字符串Character string序号Number统一编号Code字符串Character string 10000010112150301040418410000733215180301040018 20000028119180303041518420000750207180301041518 30000033310180301030018430000762913150301040018 40000043701150301040102440000766701180302040418 50000044007160301040002450000767706180302050002 60000045401180301041502460000783216180301040018 70000047808180301040002470000008202050300010002 80000052501220301050102480000010202050301011502 90000065001150301050418490000012102050300010102 100000068401180301051518500000013202300305010002 110000075601140301041118510000014718330301010002 120000105501180301050418520000014902340301060102 130000145301180301050002530000018302060301010102 140000152807180301040102540000027702250301030002 150000155907180301041518550000033002060300010002 160000161104180301060002560000038802060301011502 170000183910180301051018570000040502320300061502 180000216003180301050118580000043602310301030417 190000247301180301040318590000047502050301060017 200000268401200302050118600000048202300300060002 210000304107180301041518610000056902040300060102 220000305601150301040118620000058202290303061502 230000314409000301040018630000060702300301060102 240000317701150301041518640000060902040301060602 250000323708130301050118650000070202040301010002 260000328911120301050018660000071002050301010002 270000340514110301050018670000074202020301010002 280000364007180301050018680000074702230301010100 290000419815140301050018690000075002060301060100 300000423001170301040018700000080402070301012818 310000441101180301040118710000081502370301010002 320000557410180301040018720000082202100300030017 330000570001180301050118730000082518100301030018 340000570814180301040118740000082902250301011102 350000588401180301040018750000084002090300010102 360000612701180301041818760000084502370300060002 370000643813200301040018770000093602250300060102 380000679805180301040018780000095702250301060002 390000707115150301041518790000099102360301010118 400000729701120301040018800000099802360301060102 8100001056183603010601021250000290102250301062618 8200001121020003010218021260000293002010301060100 8300001182020203000601021270000293202250301061518 8400001251022803010601001280000303902080301010918 8500001283020203010601181290000311102080301011500 8600001312022803010601021300000311702180301010118 8700001331020203010115021310000312702080301010115 8800001467020203010601021320000316718080301060118 8900001478020203010101021330000336802080301061518 9000001500023603010101021340000337602080301060118 9100001530022503010101021350000355902080302010102 9200001547022103010100001360000356102080301061818 9300001553022403010601021370000358602080301060818 9400001581023503010101021380000365602080301061618 9500001599023103010604021390000367802080301011102 9600001601023603010624021400000420002190301061400 9700001665023603010602021410000420302190301011402 9800001768022503010624021420000422802190301061502 9900001785022503010101021430000426702080301060024 10000001812022503010600001440000426802080301060012 10100001818022503010618021450000431402080301060011 10200001897022503010110021460000436802080301060009 10300001951022503010618001470000441502080301060006 10400001987023603010304021480000458002080301060023 10500002023022503010300021490000467702080301060020 10600002032023603010301021500000470402080301060019 10700002062023603010618181510000480002080301010021 10800002142020003010300021520000486302080301060008 10900002155023603010618021530000486600080001000022 11000002231023603010616021540000488100080201060022 11100002368023603010615181550000498502080301060013 11200002385023603010607021560000500800080301030005 11300002416023603010604181570000516900080301060010 11400002502023603010618001580000519100080101030005 11500002530023603010112021590000524100080301060004 11600002583022603010600181600000524502080301060004 11700002614022503010115181610000545200080300060004 11800002628023603010627001620000547202080301010004 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20100007361020803010600022350000645717080301060118 2020000736602080302061802

附图1 235份糜子的DNA分子身份证

supplement Fig.1 235 DNA molecular identification cards of broomcorn millet

Construction of DNA Molecular Identity Card of Core Germplasm of Broomcorn Millet in China Based on Fluorescence SSR

XUE YaPeng1, DING YiBing1, WANG YuZhuo1, WANG XiaoDan1, CAO XiaoNing2, SANTRA Dipak K3, CHEN Ling2, QIAO ZhiJun2, Wang RuiYun1,2

1College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China;2Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China;3Panhandle Research & Extension Center, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff, 69361, Nebraska, USA

【Objective】As an ancient minor grain crop, broomcorn millet (L. ) is abundant in germplasm. The construction of their DNA molecular identity based on fluorescent SSR markers would provide theoretical basis and molecular detection tool for digital management of resources. 【Method】Two hundred and thirty five broomcorn millet core accessions from China were used as experimental material, polymerase chain reaction were conducted several times using the broomcorn millet specific SSR markers which developed previously by the Broomcorn Millet Crop Molecular Breeding Research Group of the Agronomy College in Shanxi Agricultural University, core markers were obtained. With the given reference genome information of broomcorn millet, the core markers were mapped on chromosomes through BLAST sequence alignment. Fluorescence (FAM/HEX) was labeled on the 5' end of the SSR primer, the genotype of the material was given by capillary electrophoresis. Using binary coding means of expression, “0, 1” was written representing the presence or absence of amplified bands, and the discrimination of the material was detected by the software ID Analysis 4.0. Decimal (0-9) coding methods were used to calculate the size of the amplified fragments so as to obtain the character string molecular identity card of the accession. Genetic diversity, genetic clustering and principal component analysis were performed using the softwares Popgene, Powermarker, MEGA and NTSYS. The two-dimensional code DNA molecular identity card of the accession was given using the two-dimensional code online software (https://cli.im/). 【Result】PCR amplification results showed that all the 235 accessions could be separated by 7 fluorescent SSR markers (RYW3, RYW6, RYW11, RYW18, RYW37, RYW43 and RYW125) combined together. BLAST results showed that RYW18 and RYW37 were distributed on Chromosome 2, located at 0.60 cM and 0.80 cM, respectively. RYW125 is located on Chromosome 4 at 10.40 cM. RYW43 and RYW6 were distributed on Chromosome 5, located at 52.80 cM and 53.00 cM, respectively. RYW11 and RYW3 were located on Chromosome 6 at 2.10 cM and 20.70 cM, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis showed that 87 alleles were detected at 7 loci among all accessions, 3 (RYW11)-25 (RYW6) alleles were detected at each locus, with an average of 12.4286. Shannon diversity index () was detected and ranged from 0.2055 (RYW18) to 2.0587 (RYW6), with an average of 1.1398. The observed heterozygosity (o) was 0.0086 (RYW11)-0.9455 (RYW18). The expected observed heterozygosity (e) was 0.0795 (RYW18)-0.7469 (RYW11). Nei’s gene diversity index () was 0.0793 (RYW18)-0.7452 (RYW6). The polymorphism information content () was 0.0334 (RYW11)-0.8071 (RYW6), with an average of 0.5185. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that 235 accessions were classified into 8 groups. The electrophoretic bands were number coding, and 7 marker combinations were used to construct the character string and two-dimensional code DNA molecular ID of all the accessions.【Conclusion】Two hundred and thirty five broomcorn millet core germplasms from China were used as material, polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis were conducted, 7 core SSR markers were screened. With the given reference genome information of broomcorn millet, the above markers were mapped on 4 chromosomes. Used the above SSR markers, genetic diversity analysis of all accessions was conducted and genetic diversity parameters were obtained. Based on Cluster analysis, all accessions were classified into 8 groups. Principal component analysis result resolved the deviation occured in Cluster analysis. According to the principle of most accessions were tell apart using the least markers, decimal (0-9) coding methods were used to calculate the size of the amplified fragments so as to obtain the character string molecular identity card of the accession. Combined the phenotype data with the above character string, two-dimensional code DNA molecular ID of all the accessions were developed.

broomcorn millet; capillary electrophoresis; fluorescent SSR; DNA molecular identification

10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.12.002

2023-02-01;

2023-04-01

国家自然科学基金(31271791)、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-06-13.5-A16)、山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2023CYJSTX03-12)、山西省重点研发项目(2022ZDYF110)

薛亚鹏,E-mail:745703453@qq.com。通信作者王瑞云,E-mail:wry925@126.com。通信作者乔治军,E-mail:nkypzs@126.com

(责任编辑 李莉)

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