英文目录、摘要及关键词

STUDIES ON PARTY AND GOVERNMENT

（Bimonthly）No.22023

（Serial No.178）

The New Developments of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New EraDI Cheng-Guang4

〔Abstract〕Basing on the report of the 19th CPC National Congress， the Party Constitution of the 19th CPC National Congress and the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee， the 20th CPC National Congress has carried out a comprehensive new generalization and new orientation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a new era， which constitutes new developments of this thought. The new developments of the scientific connotation of this thought includes a new expression to answer major issues of the times， new elaboration of formation and development path， new integration of main content and new generalization of standpoint and method; meanwhile， the new developments also confirms integratively the historical orientation of this thought， it confirms that this thought has realized a new leap in the sinicization and modernization of Marxism， and put forward a series of new concept， new ideas， new strategies and new requirements in the new elaboration of the Partys mission and tasks in the new era and new journey and in the new planning of the Party and the countrys various undertakings，which further enriched and developed this thought.

〔Key words〕the 20th CPC National Congress; Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; new generalization; new orientation; new developments

Reconstructing Dual Track： the Generative Logic and Dilemma Solving of One-way Governance in Rural Governance in ChinaREN Zhong-Ping17

〔Abstract〕Since the beginning of the new century， under the background of promoting the construction of new countryside and the process of urban-rural integration， followed by the launch of the rural revitalization strategy， the state has not only increased unprecedented resource input and  policy preference to rural society， but also used administrative power to strengthen the direct governance of rural society.In some places， a new phenomenon has gradually appeared in rural governance： administration absorbs autonomy， management replaces governance， or the weakening and deficiency of primary-level democracy in primary-level governance.From the institutional perspective， the one-way governance of the grassroots is the inevitable result of the pressure system sinking directly to the grass-roots society.On the one hand， as the state power sinks in villages， the political ecology at the grass-roots level has changed，resulting in an external environment for one-way governance.On the other hand，the absence of village elites and the transformation of village committee into village government have become the main internal reason for the formation of one-way governance.In such a field， the original hierarchical governance system between the state and society has undergone great changes. With the strong promotion of the national administrative force， the two key points of township stratification and village governance administration have been broken through， and the top-down administrative force can be inserted to the end， thus forming the problem of one-way governance at the grass-roots level.Such one-way governance at the grassroots level has become a bottleneck for some localities to promote rural revitalization and achieve effective governance.The long-term operation of one-way governance at the grass-roots level will inevitably lead to the rigidity of rural governance， which will not only affect the process of rural revitalization and effective governance at the grass-roots level， but also lead to the weakening of the function of primary-level governance， potentially causing the risk of instability in the grass-roots society.Today， to promote and implement peoples democracy in the whole process， we must make great efforts to break the dilemma of one-way governance in rural governance， reconstruct the two-way track in primary-level governance， realize the positive interaction between administration and autonomy， leave more space for grassroots democracy and primary-level governance， and create favorable conditions for realizing the rural revitalization strategy and effective primary-level governance.

〔Key words〕rural revitalization; one-way governance; generative logic; dilemma solvingThe Semi-Openness of Rural Society and Its Dispute Governance in the Transitional PeriodZHENG Rong-Kun29

〔Abstract〕In the Chinese context， the governance of rural disputes is interlinked with the social structure.After being cleansed by modernity， rural China has quietly entered a semi-open society where tradition and modernity coexist， and rural social disputes and their governance have also undergone inherent and prescriptive changes.As a result of the double hostage of the semi-open society， rural disputes present a complex scenario characterized by an expansion of subjects， diversification of types and extremes of consequences.In order to resolve the semi-open rural disputes， Chen Village in Fujian Province has created a set of dispute governance mechanism with the peoples mediation organization as the leading factor and other dispute resolution resources linked at different levels by identifying the nature of the dispute， mobilizing the main body of dispute resolution， and making good use of the dispute resolution strategy， which not only overcomes the one-way dimension of dispute management， but also achieves the expectation of good dispute governance.This practical experience also shows that， based on the whole-process governance logic， to resolve the semi-open rural social disputes， we should not only build an integrated rural dispute governance system， realize the conceptual transformation from dispute management to dispute governance， but also promote the reconciliation of local knowledge and modern resources to empower peoples mediation organizations，so as to improve the effectiveness of rural dispute governance in the transition period.

〔Key words〕social disputes;semi-open society;peoples mediation;rural governance;transition period

The Logic Direction of Township Policy Implementation under the Guidance of Risk Avoidance—Take “One Shoulder Multi-Task” of Village Leaders for ExampleYUAN He-He41

〔Abstract〕Risk prevention takes a more positive attitude towards responsibility， not only avoiding the liability risks within the policy but also preventing the social governance risks outside the policy in advance. As the tissue junction between country and rural society， the township governments governance effectiveness affects the realization of public value. Under the background of the new era of grassroots governance， township governments pay great attention to how to avoid risks. The implementation of the “one shoulder multi－task” of village leaders is the result of the joint action of national design and social needs. It is represented in the grass-roots policy system， among which the logic of township governance is in general. Under the influence of risk prevention and “strong penalty-adverse restraint-weak incentive”， the towns under the jurisdiction of W County innovated the “one up， one down” mode， the reassignment mode， and the suspension mode. In addition，it actively carry out the mobilization of village cadres and assigned party-building instructors to the transitional villages. The risk of task failure is avoided and the public value of the policy is realized.At the same time， grassroots governance has been improved.In the process of promoting the modernization of the grass-roots governance system， the township should fully absorb the positive elements brought by the logic of risk avoidance， and pay attention to its constant adjustment.

〔Key words〕modernized community-level governance;rural grassroots party organization building;risk prevention;“one shoulder multi-task” of village leaders

United Front： the Magic Weapon of the Communist Party of China

FANG NingZHANG Yue-Qi51

〔Abstract〕The united front is the magic weapon for the Chinese Communist Party to lead the Chinese people to win the new democratic revolution， establish a new China， and realize the industrialization and modernization of the country through construction and reform. It is an important political theory with Chinese characteristics during the period of the Chinese revolution， construction， and reform. The practice and theory of the united front came into being during the period of the Agrarian Revolution led by the Communist Party of China， and it was the beginning of the Communist Party of Chinas independent exploration of the path of the Chinese revolution and the earliest theoretical innovation. In each historical period of the establishment of New China， and each historical period of construction and reform， the practice and theory of the united front of the Communist Party of China continued to develop， forming a political practice system and theoretical system with the most Chinese characteristics. In the new era， the Communist Party of Chinas united front theory and practice continue to explore and advance， becoming an important part of Xi Jinpings thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era， and continue to play an important role in Chinas reform， opening up， and modernization.

〔Key words〕united front; theoretical innovation; new social structure

Improving the Systems and Regulations for the Partys Self-Reform Multi-Dimensional ExplorationPENG XianDING Xiao-Qiang58

〔Abstract〕The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has incorporated the theoretical achievement of “self-reform”，which has the historical background， contemporary consideration and philosophical connotation， into the strategic action of comprehensive strict governance of the Party in the new era， and has achieved remarkable results. The important requirement of “improve the systems and regulations for the Partys self-reform” maps out a series of research topics with historical and practical significance. To explore how to improve the systems and regulations for the Partys self-reform， we can analyze the systems and regulations for the Partys self-reform in three different dimensions： its essential content， target direction and practical path， and interpret the profound connotation and contemporary meaning of the systems and regulations for the Partys self-reform.

〔Key words〕Self-reform; the systems and regulations; Communist Party of China

Marx and Engels Distinct Views on the Road of Social Development——Taking Into Account the Academic Differences on Lenins October Revolution ThoughtLIU Wang-WangDAI Yi-Qing67

〔Abstract〕Marx and Engels held the view of “simultaneous revolution” when choosing the path from capitalism to socialism. They stressed that the communist revolution “could not take place in a single country”， and the Russian revolution may shorten the process of revolution under the active support of the Western revolution， but from the perspective of practice cannot achieve leapfrog. In the course of the October revolution， Lenin always insisted on the idea of “simultaneous victory” and regarded the Russian revolution as the “prelude” and “ladder” of the worlds socialist revolution. The correct understanding of Marx， Engels and Lenins thoughts on “simultaneous revolution” is of great value to the correct treatment of Marxism-Leninism.

〔Key words〕Marx; Engels; Lenin; Simultaneous Revolution

The Generative Logic， Unique Advantages and Morphological Transcendence of the Whole Process of Peoples DemocracyXU Hong-Wei75

〔Abstract〕The whole-process peoples democracy is a centralized generalization of Chinese democracy under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It is not only reflected as the democratic value ideal of realizing the fundamental interests of the people， but also embodied as the democratic system of ensuring that the people are masters of the country.？The whole-process peoples democracy follows the basic principles of the Marxist theory of democracy， and is formed in the century-old quest for democracy under the leadership of the Communist Party of China， which has distinct theoretical logic and profound practical logic.？The leadership of the Communist Party of China， the running of the country by the people， and the rule of law are the ontological features of the whole process of peoples democracy. The whole chain of democratic operation， the all-round forms of democratic expression， and the full coverage of the connotation of democracy are the structural features of the whole process of peoples democracy. The universality of the democratic participants and representatives of the will and interests， the authenticity of the peoples position as masters of the country and the realization of the peoples interests， and the effectiveness of effective social governance and long-term stability of the country are the functional features of the whole process of peoples democracy. The three aspects have shaped the unique theoretical， institutional and governance advantages of Chinese-style  democracy.？The whole-process peoples democracy contains the dialectical unity of substantive democracy and formal democracy， value democracy and institutional democracy， direct democracy and indirect democracy， electoral democracy and deliberative democracy， elite democracy and mass democracy， universal democracy and type democracy， and symbolic democracy and governance democracy. It has created a new form of human political civilization and broken the mindset that democracy should be fixed in one respect.？It has realized the morphological transcendence of the “alms democracy” of ancient Chinese traditional people-oriented politics and the “false democracy” of western capitalist democratic mode， and contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese approach to the cause of human democracy progress， which has a very important benchmarking significance in the history of human democracy.

〔Key words〕The Communist Party of China; The whole-process peoples democracy; Chinese-style democracy; A new form of human political civilizationAnalysis of the Significance of “Key Few” in the Construction of Rule of Law——Start from the Basic Logic of Road of Rule of Law in ChinaGUO Zhong  HE Zi-heng87

〔Abstract〕The “key few” is the first button to promote the construction of the rule of law in China， to advance law-based governance in all respects， we must seize the “key few” of leading officials， its significance is determined by the basic logic of the rule of law in China. Different from the western rule of law which takes individual as its goal， the rule of law in China takes the country as its goal and focuses on the overall goal of the country and the nation. Different from the western rule of law， which is based on the antagonistic relationship of the will， the rule of law in China emphasizes that the Partys leadership， the peoples position as masters of the country and the rule of law form an inseparable whole， and realizes the constraints of power restriction and the purpose of the state in a unified relationship of will. This rule of law mode is manifested as top-down and bottom-up two-way interactive rule of law promoted by the party and government， and further is a leading rule of law， which must emphasize the leading and exemplary role of the “key few” in the rule of law. The exemplary role of the “key few” also corresponds to the order form of the rule of virtue in ancient China， therefore， through the “key few” taking the lead and setting an example， the close combination of rule of law and rule of virtue can be further realized.

〔Key words〕“Key Few”; the Rule of Law under Socialism with Chinese Characteristics; National Purpose; the Leadership of the Communist Party of China; Unity of Will

The Reshaping of Tiao-Kuai Relation in Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Reform： An Analytical FrameworkHUANG Jun-YaoZHU De-Liang96

〔Abstract〕As an important part of the reform of government institutions and the construction of the grass-roots governance system， comprehensive administrative law enforcement is faced with the tension between the governance needs and the organizational effectiveness， the contradiction between the stability and variability of law enforcement work. It needs to solve the relevant problems such as the integration of administrative law enforcement powers and the rationalization of Tiao-Kuai relation. From the perspective of holistic governance， the reshaping of Tiao-Kuai relation in comprehensive administrative law enforcement reform is necessary to center on integration， coordination and incentive， and cooperate effectively through adjustment of structure and mechanism between county and township， so as to providing impetus for the  reform.

〔Key words〕comprehensive administrative law enforcement; Tiao-Kuai relationship; integration; coordination; incentive

Interface Features and Functions of Community Foundations： An Explanation of the “Boundary” OrganizationYUAN Ke105

〔Abstract〕Community foundations， as a beneficial exploration of innovating grassroots social governance systems and mechanisms， are the important institutional and organizational innovation in Chinas promotion of grassroots social construction and the development of social organizations in recent years. From the new perspective of “boundary” organization， the article discusses the interface characteristics of professionalism， neutrality， stability and integration of community foundations in the New Era of co-construction， co-governance and sharing of social governance in China， as well as the interface characteristics of their links， services and platform functions. It has the important guiding significance to scientifically grasp and deepen its high-quality sustainable development.

〔Key words〕Community foundation; “boundary” organization; Grassroots social governance

How Digital Technologies Coordinate Bureaucratic Organizations？——On the Utility and Negative Function of Technical Collaborative GovernanceLU Zhi-PengCHEN Sheng-Yong114

〔Abstract〕As an effective governance tool， digital technology has the natural advantage of coordinating multi-sector and multi-actors to carry out collective actions， and has become a strategic choice for local governments to innovate social governance.Various regions make full use of digital technology， and achieve technical coordination between government and society， horizontal government departments and vertical levels through innovations such as “network + grid”， “online + offline”， “technology + system”， etc.It has played an important role in solving the inefficiency of public services， fragmentation of social governance， improving the level of refinement of social governance， and enhancing the ability of grassroots government to integrate resources.However， the relationship between digital technology and bureaucratic organization is not always complementary， but there is an inherent tension.Technological collaborative governance absorbs digital technology into the bureaucratic system， but there are still improvements in disembedded governance and administrativeization， unbalanced and selective diversion of technological empowerment， departmental inertia lock and bureaucratic inertia.Therefore， it is necessary to go beyond the defects of technical collaborative governance， optimize the technical collaborative governance system， and realize the coordination between digital technology and bureaucratic organization.

〔Key words〕digital technology; bureaucratic organization; technical collaborative governance; coordination mechanism

Sponsored by：Party School of Sichuan Provincial Committee of C. P. C for Provincial Authorities

Editor and Publication：The Editorial Office.of Studies on Party and Government

Address：No.163，Yusha RD，Chengdu 610017，Sichuan，China

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（值班編辑董史烈英文编辑秦博）