浅谈听说备考中PARTB听者意识的培养
2023-05-30蔡传焕
蔡传焕
一、题型与听者意识
PART B角色扮演这部分,考生被要求去扮演一个角色,并完成三个沟通性的任务:听一个说话者的话,问说话者三个问题,然后回答由电脑扮演角色问的五个问题。考试要求和课标要求考生通过听、说、读、看、写等方式,感知、理解相关主题意义,使用词语表达相关话题的信息和意义。从角色扮演到故事复述,是区分考生听说能力的重要题型,培养考生聽者意识,快速记录有效信息并整理笔记,恰当而正确地作答,变得尤为重要。
二、解题策略
PART B角色扮演中的三问五答,三问侧重于考查考生的语言知识和疑问句翻译能力,而五答侧重于考查考生记录对话中关于数字、地点、星期、月份等具体事实性的信息,而且要求考生对所听内容做出判断,理解说话者的意图、观点和态度,记录并作答。
2021-2022年的八套题里面,五答中有50%-75%的答案是具体事实性信息,因此想要获取高分,考生一定要在记录事实性信息的时候,记录对话开头和结尾出现,而且重复两次以上的关键词,整理前后相关的动词,分辨说话者的观点和态度。其实不管是三问的翻译,还是五答的信息,都会在前面的对话出现关键词,因此考生要记录动词短语,听清问题。
以2022年Test ABCD四套题为例,三问的关键信息多在前面的对话出现过,A套题的北京、中文、生活,B套题的演出performances、难忘经历unforgettable experience、表演performing,C套题的简单生活方式simple lifestyle、开始get started、决定decision,D套题的研究项目research project、机器人能做robots that can do。
说者必有心,听者须留意。听说考试的素材多是来自专用语料库,经过改编剔除非课标词块,再由外国主播对话录入试题库的。因此掌握考纲词汇中的听说高频词,考试时闭目认真听,才是考生获取高分的关键。
以下对2022年角色扮演题块里相对比较难的题目进行分析,供考生根据自身语言水平能力进行有针对性的备考。
[例1]2022广东高考英语听说考试 Test A套题
提问1:你对北京的第一印象是什么?
考生翻译后作答:What was your first impression of Beijing?
【电脑回答】:This may sound a little bit strange, but I did immediately feel at home. I felt safe to walk on the streets. I found Chinese people friendly and supportive. With the help of my Chinese friends, I settled myself into life in Beijing very soon. Now, I have no problem speaking Chinese, but it was a huge challenge to me when I first arrived.
前面的sound,strange,home,safe,Chinese people是比较容易听到的,但是后面的friendly and supportive需要听到并快速笔录下来,需要速记能力和简写技巧。话末还有challenge和when I first arrived.这些单词写几个字母或用符号代替,快速梳理说话者对北京的印象和态度,由陌生至安全,安定。
五答3.【电脑提问】:What did Tom think of Chinese people?
考生回答:Friendly and supportive.考生先回答Tom found Chinese people friendly and supportive所听即所答,实在不记得再用thought of Chinese people safe and friendly等正面信息。
[例2]2022广东高考英语听说考试 Test B套题
提问2:你最难忘的经历是什么?
考生翻译:What was your most unforgettable experience?
电脑回答:Well, I would say the street acting. It happened when I was wandering about in the lively town to kill time for the next show. As I walked past a tea house, a young lady invited me to act out a role in their street play. I hesitated at first, but quickly agreed to give it a try. This street play involved some interactions with viewers. When the performing ended, everyone laughed.
街头演出的英语表达对于基础薄弱的考生来说可能陌生,但是话题是很熟悉的,在电脑回答里出现street和act这两个关键词两次,street play相对容易听到,需要区分play不是演奏而是演出,和show/perform近义。“扮演一个角色”这就是PART B的宗旨,贴近考生生活,但是考得比较灵活,需要扎实的听力基本功和听者意识,才能说得出来。
五答4. 电脑提问:What did the young lady invite Mary to do?
考生回答:To act out a role in their street play.
三、听者意识与Part B
根据巴赫金的《言语体裁问题》研究理论,对话表述是一个重要的言语表达特征,对话针对于某人。受话人的所有这些类型及其特点,均取决于该话语所处的人类活动和日常生活领域。因此听者意识的培养变得尤为重要。考生以受话人的角色去聆聽,通过话题关键词猜测对话内容和对话可能会传达的信息点,都需要考生透过话题和生词,闭目倾听记录语义场出现的动词表达和名词前后的形容词,理解三问五答中对话双方的态度。
听说考试PART B角色扮演中近五年的男声Tom和女声Mary对话关系多是同学、朋友,只有2018年Test A是Mary和Dr.Brown谈论睡眠与健康。但对话的内容和话题涉及学校和社区的诸多场合,可通过以下一个表格了解对话的相关内容。
四、给不同层次考生的备考建议:
第一层次:所有考生必须能快速记录具体信息(地点、星期、月份和数字),自我感觉基础不好的同学建议利用小组,不同地方口音的同学随机说出月份的英文,让其他同学辨别并速记笔记。多关注近五年听说真题中对话和三问中多次出现的具体信息,同桌之间一问一答反复训练,并记录答案所在的位置,如第一句还是倒数第二句?
第二层次:听懂具体信息更要按五答顺序整理答案对号入座,听懂并速记有关what/why的回答,如时间或时间状语等的前后句,并学会速记机答的某人做某事的事件记录,这些答案往往在首句或倒数第二句。
[例3]2022广东高考英语听说考试 Test C套题
提问3:你后悔过这个决定吗?
考生翻译:Have you ever regretted this decision?
电脑回答:A few times, yes. But I know I've made the right decision. Now my life has been totally changed. I have only a few clothes to choose from. So I spend less time deciding on what to wear before I leave home every day. As I removed all those unnecessary items, my apartment seems to have more space. Now I have set up a sports corner for yoga. I'm living a much happier and healthier life.
五答5. 电脑提问:Why does Mary's apartment seem to have more space?
考生回答:She removed all those unnecessary items.
第三层次及满分:想获取满分的同学,一定要按12345答的顺序,把笔记按具体信息和事件原因类信息分类整理,建议五答的笔记分两列,左边是相对简单的回答信息,右边是从对话到三问的动宾结构,以及出现however/but,as/so或从句等这些引导词前后句的信息全部整理好,按话题根据易-中-难三类从听说考试命题人的角度去思考,这个话题下面会考查什么信息,需要考生去记录呢?
[例4]2022广东高考英语听说考试 Test D套题
提问:这个研究项目是关于什么的?
考生翻译:What is this research project about?
电脑回答:The project is about developing AI robots that can provide good health care at home. People who need them most are the elderlywho live alone and the injured who have to stay indoors. You know, there aren't enough care workers. My uncle's company tries to produce AI robots that can do the care worker's job.
简易具体信息笔记应有:AI robots, the elderly,care worker和my uncle;
中等难度的笔记应包括good health care,do the care worker's job;
而完整信息包括从句 AI robots that provide good health care at home.
My uncle's company tries to produce AI robots that can do the care worker's job.
五答3. 电脑提问:Who need the robots most?
考生回答:The elderly who live alone and the injured who have to stay indoors.
笔者研究和调研发现,PART B主要丢分原因有12345五答的答案不能对号入座,自2014年开始广东省听说考试的真题都是按序分布答案的,所听即所答,而且不会出现超纲词汇,听到对话中出现的单词和表达就是三问五答的最佳答案。因此由以上三个层次构成一个听说笔记的脚手架,及早重视利用听说软件或微信语音识别等途径进行训练,软件练完题目以后再和同学一问一答文本材料。考前一个月多读听说高频词尤其是PART B部分的高频话题词汇,反复训练近五年的高考听说真题,相信考生能流利准确答出,获得满意的成绩。
责任编辑吴昊雷