主题一 美德与品行

安徽 张 岚

基础·分类梳理

一、词汇快记

负能量

dishonestadj.不诚实的

corruptadj.腐败的

unethicaladj.不道德的

deceitfuladj.欺骗的

greedyadj.贪婪的

selfishadj.自私的

arrogantadj.傲慢的

impoliteadj.不礼貌的

inconsiderateadj.不体贴的

carelessadj.粗心的

neglectfuladj.马虎的

disloyaladj.不忠诚的

unkindadj.不友善的

rudeadj.粗鲁的

crueladj.残忍的

irresponsibleadj.不负责任的

lazyadj.懒惰的

jealousadj.嫉妒的

judgementaladj.爱指责人的

disrespectfuladj.不尊重的

insincereadj.不真诚的

condescendingadj.居高临下的

impulsiveadj.冲动的

unreliableadj.不可靠的

destructiveadj.破坏性的

intolerantadj.不宽容的

prejudicedadj.有偏见的

inefficientadj.低效的

stubbornadj.固执的

sneakyadj.鬼鬼祟祟的

violentadj.暴力的

invasiveadj.侵入的

unaccountableadj.不负责的

道德与价值观

moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.教益；寓意

integrityn.诚实正直

honestyn.诚实

trustworthinessn.可靠

responsibilityn.责任

fairnessn.公平

respectn.尊重

kindnessn.仁慈

compassionn.同情

generosityn.慷慨

forgivenessn.宽恕

个人修养与品德

humilityn.谦逊

patiencen.耐心

self-disciplinen.自律

couragen.勇气

modestyn.谦虚

perseverancen.毅力

gratituden.感激

loyaltyn.忠诚

diligencen.勤奋

selflessnessn.无私

社交与行为规范

courtesyn.礼貌

etiquetten.礼仪

tactn.老练

punctualityn.守时

respectfulnessn.尊重

politenessn.礼貌

considerationn.体贴

empathyn.移情作用

sympathyn.同情

tolerancen.容忍

mannersn.礼仪

decorumn.礼貌得体

graciousnessn.亲切

chivalryn.彬彬有礼

gracen.优雅

refinementn.优雅

thoughtfulnessn.细心周到

公民责任与社会参与

citizenshipn.公民身份

charityn.慈善

volunteerismn.志愿服务

activismn.激进主义

philanthropyn.慈善

community service 社区服务

leadershipn.领导才能

advocacyn.倡导

involvementn.参与

goodwilln.友好

二、短语速览

uphold moral values 坚守道德价值观

act with integrity 诚信行事

demonstrate ethical behavior 展示道德行为

show respect for/to others 尊重他人

practice kindness 行善

foster compassion 培养同情心

model good character 塑造良好品质

promote fairness and justice 促进公平与正义

encourage honesty 鼓励诚实

embrace diversity and inclusion 接纳多样性与包容性

cultivate empathy 培养共情

put others' needs before your own 他人的需求至上

strive for personal and professional growth追求个人和职业发展

be accountable for one's actions 对某人的行为负责

practice self-discipline 培养自律能力

exhibit humility 展现谦逊

show gratitude 表达感激之情

foster a sense of community 培养社区意识

engage in acts of service 参与服务行动

treat others with fairness and equality 公平、平等地对待他人

strive for excellence 追求卓越

demonstrate good sportsmanship 表现出良好的体育精神

be a responsible citizen 做一个负责任的公民

practice good manners 以礼待人

exhibit patience and understanding 表现出耐心和理解

advocate social justice 倡导社会正义

encourage ethical decision-making 鼓励合乎道德的决策

foster an inclusive work environment 创造包容的工作环境

engage in acts of kindness and generosity参与善良和慷慨的行动

strive to make a positive impact on society努力对社会产生积极的影响

social responsibility 社会责任

environmental stewardship 环境管理

humanitarianism 人道主义

global citizenship 全球公民权利

public service 公共服务

social justice 社会正义

civic duty 市民责任

三、好句积累

1.动名词短语作主语

Exercising self-discipline and adhering to a strong set of moral principles are essential for individuals to navigate ethical dilemmas effectively.锻炼自律并坚守一套强有力的道德原则对个人有效地应对道德困境至关重要。

2.not only...but also...不但……而且……

Ethical behavior entails not only avoiding harm to others but also actively contributing to their well-being, fostering a culture of kindness and compassion.道德行为不仅包括避免对他人造成伤害，还包括积极为他人的福祉做出贡献，打造一种友善和同情的文化。

3.“only+状语”放在句首时，引导倒装句

Only when practiced consistently can virtues and good conduct shape individuals into better citizens.只有当持之以恒地实践时，美德和良好品行才能将个体塑造成更好的公民。

四、续写必备

1.She showed love and compassion,always putting others' needs before her own and making everyone feel valued and cared for.她富有爱和同理心，总是把他人的需求放在自己的需求之前，让每个人都感到被重视和关心。

2.His humility was truly remarkable,as he never boasted about his accomplishments and treated everyone with equal respect.他的谦逊真是令人赞叹，因为他从不夸耀自己的成就，并且平等地尊重每个人。

3.Her unwavering loyalty and dedication were evident in her actions, as she always stood by her friends and loved ones through thick and thin.她坚定不移的忠诚和奉献在行动中显而易见，因为她总是在所爱之人和朋友们经历各种困难时支持他们。

4.His compassion flowed like a gentle river,soothing the hearts of those he encountered on his path.他的同情心如柔和的河流一般流淌，抚慰着他一路上所遇到的每一个人的心灵。

5.His words carried a gentle strength,lifting hearts and soothing minds with wisdom and kindness.他的言辞充满了温柔的力量，以智慧和善良抚慰人们的心灵，给予他们力量。

五、写作达标

寓言故事评论

（一）素材金库

The fable cleverly illustrates the moral lesson of“being slow and steady wins the race”through the story ofThe Tortoise and the Hare.这则寓言巧妙地通过《龟兔赛跑》的故事，说明了“稳扎稳打才能取得胜利”的道德教训。

The fable serves as a cautionary tale,teaching the important lesson that“don't count your chickens before they hatch”through the story of the greedy farmer.这则寓言作为一个警示故事，通过贪婪的农夫的故事来教导人们：别过早打如意算盘。

The animal characters in the fable,such as the clever fox or the greedy wolf,symbolize human traits and behaviors,making the moral lessons relatable to readers of all ages.寓言中的动物角色，例如聪明的狐狸或贪婪的狼，象征着人类的特质和行为，这使得道德教训能够让各个年龄段的读者产生共鸣。

The simplicity of the fable's plot allows for a clear and straightforward presentation of the moral lesson, ensuring its impact on the readers.这则寓言的情节简单，清晰直接地呈现出道德教训，确保它对读者的影响力。

The use of vivid imagery and descriptive language in the fable engages the readers' imagination and enhances the overall storytelling experience.寓言中生动的意象和描写性的语言调动了读者的想象力，提升了整体的叙事体验。

Through the fable, the author skillfully conveys universal truths and values,transcending time and culture, making it relevant to readers from different backgrounds.通过这则寓言，作者巧妙地传达了普遍的真理和价值观，这超越了时代和文化，使其与不同背景的读者相关。

The fable encourages critical thinking and moral reflection, as readers are prompted to ponder the consequences of the characters' actions.寓言鼓励批判性思维和道德反思，因为读者被促使思考角色行为的后果。

Morals and life lessons are beautifully woven into the fabric of fables, making them enjoyable and educational for readers of all ages.道德和人生哲理被精心编织到寓言故事中，这使得它们对各个年龄段的读者来说既有趣又富有教育意义。

The concise and focused nature of fables allows readers to quickly grasp the intended moral or message, making them effective tools for teaching.寓言的简洁和聚焦性使读者能够迅速领会其寓意或信息，使其成为有效的教学工具。

The imaginative settings and vivid descriptions in fables transport readers into a world of imagination.寓言中富有想象力的场景和生动的描写将读者带入了一个充满想象力的世界。

（二）写作框架

In the vast collection of fables that have enchanted readers for generations,________stands as a timeless classic.（话题导入）The fable centers around________（寓言中的角色介绍）.Through a series of encounters, ________（情节概 述）.The author's choice of words adds charm to the storytelling, making it accessible to both young and mature readers.The characterization of______is masterfully executed, depicting__________（人物形象或品格）through thoughtful ________（表现手法）.At the heart of this fable lies a moral lesson about ________（寓言的寓意）.In summary, ________remains a treasured fable, cherished for its engaging narrative, well-developed characters, and timeless moral lesson（总结全文）.

提升·素养达标

见P57～P62《学习妙测》“主题一 美德与品行”的对应内容。