情态动词should用法归纳
2023-05-13杨庆春
杨庆春
should意为“应该;应当”, should的否定形式为should not,缩写形式为shouldn’t。作为情态动词should与其他的情态动词一样,可用于各种人称,不随主语人称、数和时态的变化而变化,且后面与动词原形搭配使用。
一、should的基本句式
1. 肯定句:主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他成分
I should say sorry. 我应该说对不起。
They should eat a lot of vegetables. 他们应该吃大量的蔬菜。
“should + 动词原形”是句子的整个谓语动词部分。
2. 否定句:主语 + should + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分
You shouldn’t smoke in the hospital. 你不应该在医院里抽烟。
You shouldn’t eat anything now. 现在你不应该吃任何东西。
3. 一般疑问句:should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分
肯定答语:Yes, 主语 + should.
否定答语:No, 主语 + shouldn’t.
Should I go there right now? 我应该马上去那里吗?
—It’s raining hard. Should we drive slowly?
雨下得很大。我们应该开慢点儿吗?
—Yes, we should. 是的,我們应该这样做。
should的一般疑问句是将should提到主语之前,且首字母大写。后面的句子按照一般陈述句的语序接在should的后面,并且把句号改为问号。
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + should引导的一般疑问句
What should I do? 我应该做什么?
How long should I do it? 我应该做多久?
5. 反意疑问句:陈述句 + 简单的疑问句
We should try to save water, shouldn’t we?
我们应该节约用水,不是吗?
He had been to Japan for several times, and he should be in Tokyo now, shouldn’t he? 他去过日本几次了,他现在应该在东京,不是吗?
含有情态动词ought to的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn’t / oughtn’t + 主语。
We ought to help each other, oughtn’t / shouldn’t we?
我们应该互相帮助,不是吗?
拓展:一些经常用来提建议或征求对方意见的句型:
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we? 让我们去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading⁃room, will you? 我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
注意:Let’s开头的祈使句,后用shall we;Let us开头的祈使句,后用will you。
二、should的几种用法
1. should在肯定句中,用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。在一般疑问句中用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示等。
You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。
Should I help you clean the bedroom? 要不要我帮你打扫卧室?
Should I finish my homework first? 我应该先完成作业吗?
2. 表示劝告或者建议,此时相当于had better,意为“应该”。
You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。
=You’d better lie down and have a rest.
We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。
You shouldn’t smoke here. 你不应该在这里抽烟。
注意:should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
You should / ought to go to class right away. 你应该马上去上课。
3. 表示义务、责任。
As a student, you should work hard. 作为一名学生,你应当努力学习。
You should take good care of your parents. 你应该照顾好你的父母。
You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.
在课堂上,你应该认真听老师讲课。
4.表示推测、推论。
He should be here soon. He is usually on the time.
他应该很快到,他一向很准时的。
5.表示某种感情色彩,如惊讶、愤怒、失望等。
Why should I go? 我干吗要去?
Why should I know? 我怎么会知道?
专项练习:
1. (2022·江苏·镇江) —I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you . Her suggestions are of some value.
A. would B. should C. might D. could
2. (2022·江苏·常州) To achieve our dream, we rest on what we have done.
A. may not B. should not C. need not D. could not
3.(2021·湖北·武漢)—Only ten tickets? What do you mean? There be twelve.
—Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A. should B. will C. can D. may
4. (2021·甘肃·武威)We try our best to fight against pollution.
A. should B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t
5. (2020·湖北·武汉) —I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you . Some opinions are worth weighing.
A. might B. should C. could D. would