病句诊疗室
2023-04-17杨燕
杨燕
1. 我叔叔是个好厨师。
【误】My uncle is a good cooker.
【正】My uncle is a good cook.
【析】很多动词加上-er就变为该动作的执行者,如worker, teacher, reader等,但cook作动词意为“做饭”,作名词意为“厨师”;而cooker则是“厨具;炊具”之意。
2. 有朝一日,人们将能够去月球旅行。
【误】One day people will can travel to the moon.
【正】One day people will be able to travel to the moon.
【析】can指主语已有的能力、条件,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中。而be able to多指主语通过努力而“能够做某事”,它可用于各种时态的句子中。
3. 我想有一所属于自己的房子。
【误】I’d like to have own my house.
【正】I’d like to have my own house / a house of my own.
【析】在强调所属关系时,我们可以在名词所有格或形容词性物主代词(而不是代词)后面加上own;我们还经常用“a(n) + 名词 + of one’s own”来代替“one’s own + 名词”。
4. 请给我一张纸。
【误】Please give me a paper.
【正】Please give me a piece of paper.
【析】paper是不可数名词。不可数名词表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来修饰,如:two pieces of paper (两张纸)。但是要注意:paper作为“纸”讲,是不可数名词,而作为“报纸、考卷、文章”讲时,则是可数名词。
5. 搅拌器在桌子上,请把它打开。
【误】The blender is on the table. Please open it.
【误】The blender is on the table. Please turn on it.
【正】The blender is on the table. Please turn it on.
【析】open与turn on都可译成“打开”,但是它们使用的场合不同,“打开”窗户、门、书等,多用open;而turn on用于“开”电视、收音机、搅拌器、自来水、煤气等。且turn on是由“动词 + 副词”构成的动词短语,当宾语是名词时,放在副词的前后均可;当宾语是代词时,则只能放在副词的前面。
6. 如果明天不下雪,他会去爬山。
【误】He will go mountain climbing unless it doesn’t snow tomorrow.
【正】He will go mountain climbing unless it snows tomorrow.
【正】He will go mountain climbing if it doesn’t snow tomorrow.
【析】unless意为“除非;如果不”,是从属连词,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式,即unless 相当于if ... not。
7. 他对我的问题不知如何作答。
【误】He did not know how to reply my question.
【正】He did not know how to reply to my question.
【析】当reply指“答复”时,是不及物动词,如有宾语应加介词to,宾语应该是答复的具体对象。
8. 我妈妈生我气了。
【误】My mother was angry to me.
【正】My mother was angry with me.
【析】注意be angry后面如果接人,表示“对某人生气或不满”时应用be angry with sb.,但要接事物时要用be angry at sth.。
9. 孩子们正盼望着去旅行。
【误】The children are looking forward to take a trip.
【正】The children are looking forward to taking a trip.
【析】look forward to意为“期待;盼望”,其中to作介词,后面应接名词或者v-ing形式,不接动词不定式。
10. 比赛期间运动员们互相交流经验。
【误】During the competitions players exchanged experiences.
【正】During the competitions players exchanged experience.
【析】experience指由實践得来的知识和经验,是不可数名词,无复数形式,也不与不定冠词连用;experience可作“经历”讲,这时是可数名词。如:Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。
(作者单位:江苏省盐城市神州路初级中学)