Module 5 Ethnic Culture

词汇短语园地

1.minority   n.   少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数派，少数人

The school is 95 percent minority.

这所学校里95%的学生是少数民族。

For a minority， the decision was a disappointment.

这个决定令少数人失望。

辨析：比较minority和majority

两者互为反义词，minority意思是“少数人；少数民族”，而majority意思是“大多数，大部分”。

On the last point， he realized he was a minority of one.

在上一點上，他意识到自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。

The majority of people interviewed prefer computer to TV.

大多数接受采访的人都喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。

2.native   adj.   出生地的，儿时居住地的；土生土长的，本地的，当地的

n.   出生于某国（或某地）的人；

本地人，当地人

It is a long time since he visited his native Poland.

他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。

These fish are native to North  America.

这些鱼原产于北美。

After all， Carlo is a native of Nevada， and he knows his way around.

毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他对那一带很熟悉。

You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.

游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。

3.run   v.   控制，管理，经营；跑，奔跑；（使）运转，运行；操作

Stop trying to run my life for me.

别老想操纵我的生活。

He has no idea how to run a business.

他丝毫不懂企业管理。

Our van runs on diesel.

我们的货车用的是柴油。

Could you run the engine for a moment？

你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？

（1） run across sb/sth   偶然遇见/看到某人/某物

（2） run after   追求；追逐，追赶

（3） run away （from sb/sth）   突然离开，逃离

（4） run out   用完，耗尽；过期，失效

4.foolish   adj.   愚蠢的，傻的；出丑；显得尴尬

You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.

你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。

He’s afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.

他怕在朋友面前出丑。

fool   n.   蠢人，傻瓜

v.   欺骗，愚弄；说蠢话，干傻事（常为逗乐）

foolishly   adv.   愚蠢地，傻地

foolishness   n.   愚蠢

5.fold   v.   折叠，对折（纸、织物等）；折小，叠平；包，裹

n.   褶，褶层，折叠部分；褶痕；褶缝

搭配：

fold... up （back/down/over...）   把……折叠/对折起来

He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.

他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了口袋。

The blankets had been folded down.

毛毯已折叠起来了。

（1） fold sb in one’s arms   拥抱/搂住某人

（2） fold one’s arms   双臂交叉在胸前

（3） fold one’s hands   十指交叉；双手合拢

6.adjust   v.   适应，使适应，习惯；调整，调节

搭配：

（1） adjust to sth/doing sth   适应某事/做某事

It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。

（2） adjust oneself to sth   使自己适应某事

You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

你将很快适应学生生活。

（3） adjust sth （to sth）   （根据某物）调整/调节某物

Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

要根據听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

adjustment   n.   调整，调节；（思想等）调整，适应

adjustable   adj.   可调整的，可调节的

7. in the distance   在远处

The noise of the car died away in the distance.

汽车的声音消失在远方。

Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.

他们黯然地看着英国的海岸在远处消失。

（1） at a distance   稍远一点儿；离一段距离

（2） at a distance of   以……距离

8. set off   出发，动身，启程

set off =set out，都意为“出发，动身，启程”。

We set off for London just after ten.

刚过10点，我们就动身去伦敦了。

He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.

他辞别了妻子便启程了。

（1） set about sth/doing sth   开始做/着手做某事

（2） set aside   留出，拨出；不顾，不理会

（3） set down   记下，写下，登记

（4） set up   竖立，建造；建立，创立

幽默小故事

Grandpa Will Pay the Bill

Walking up to a department store’s fabric counter， the pretty girl said， “I would like to buy this material for a new dress. How much does it cost？”

“Only one kiss per yard，” replied the male clerk with a smile.

“That’s fine，” said the girl. “I’ll take ten yards.”

With expectation and anticipation written all over his face， the clerk quickly measured out the cloth， wrapped it up， and then teasingly held it out.

The girl snapped up the package， pointed to the old geezer （老头） standing beside her， and smiled， “Grandpa will pay the bill.”

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

According to historical documents， the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty， “Mosha Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.

Between the early 10th century and the middle of the 13th century， production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes， as agriculture replaced livestock （家畜） breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural， handicraft， mineral and livestock products were turned out， and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period， a number of slave-owning groups in Ninglang， Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste.

In 1276， the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture， representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the center of the empire.

In the early Ming Dynasty， the leader of the Naxi people， named Mude， was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture， exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty， the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute （貢品） flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming， in turn， relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.

Later， with the development of the productive forces， buying， selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas， marking the beginning of a landlord economy.

1. What was probably the main occupation in the 13th century in Lijiang？

A. Livestock breeding. B. Agriculture. C. Fishing. D. Forestry.

2. When was Lijiang Prefecture set up？

A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty.

C. In the Yuan Dynasty. D. In the Ming Dynasty.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？

A. The good relationship between Mu Family and the Ming.

B. Yunnan Province’s economy in Ming Dynasty.

C. The achievements of Naxi people’s leader.

D. The Ming court’s financial situation.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. The Mu Family B. The Rulers of Naxi

C. The History of Lijiang Prefecture D. The History of the Naxi Ethnic Group

阅读七选五

Moving abroad can be a challenging experience. You leave your family， friends and everything you know behind. You enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different. 1 It’s a time to discover new things， make new friends and begin a new adventure.

So what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad？

Live with a native speaker.

2 First， you have a friend！ Living alone can be a lonely experience， especially if you’re far from home. As for me， I’ve had the opportunity to meet my housemate’s friends and socialize with them. 3 In addition， you have someone to tell you about the cultural customs and interesting places in the area.

4

The thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at first but it’s worth it. You can meet other people in the area by joining a club， attending an evening class or participating in a language exchange with people that are interested in learning your native language.

Try the local food.

The food in France is amazing and discovering new food is a fun experience. 5 My knowledge of different bread and cheese types has grown greatly.

A. But it’s also exciting.

B. Socialize with the local people.

C. I recently volunteer to help the homeless.

D. I’ve tried things that I’ve never tried before.

E. You can also speak the local language every day.

F. I can improve my French in speaking and understanding.

G. There are many advantages of living with a native speaker.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

Forty years ago， I was a boy of eight. At that time， if I cleaned the hockey （曲棍球） field near my home and 1 an empty envelope with an extra 2 ， I would get a photo of a hockey player. Hockey was my favorite 3 . I wanted the photos of all my heroes， especially the members of the Boston Bruins.

“Michael！ You’re going to put us in the poor house 4 stamps and envelopes，” My mom  5 . “But， Mom！ I want to get the whole set， 6 all the Boston players.” Mom said， “Write the 7 carefully， so that it gets to the right place.”

When I finished， I put the envelope in the 8 the next day. Each day after， I’d ask， “Mom， did it come yet？” “Michael， we just mailed it off. Be 9 .”

A week later， when I opened the door， on the table was a brown 10 addressed to me. My heart skipped a beat. It was the first mail I ever 11 . Inside was a photo waiting for my 12 hands to take out. I 13 the envelope， ran to my room， and opened it with shaking hands. There it was. I did get a 14 of the Bruins’ highest scorer—Phil Esposito.

For weeks， I had cleaned the hockey field. In the 15 of collecting the photos， I was making the field a cleaner place. Every week， I received an envelope. My collection 16 . If I received a photo I already had， I’d take it to school and 17 it with my best school friends. My collection was 18 when the hockey season drew to a close. I was so 19 to have all the photos of the Boston Bruins.

I now still have those photos. As I 20 them， I understand： if you want something， you have to be devoted， and you have to work for it.

1. A. found B. borrowed C. mailed D. unfolded

2. A. stamp B. note C. advertisement D. notice

3. A. place B. field C. show D. sport

4. A. buying B. making C. printing D. sticking

5. A. ordered B. shouted C. advised D. laughed

6. A. briefly B. totally C. simply D. especially

7. A. address B. homework C. sentence D. number

8. A. schoolbag B. drawer C. mailbox D. cupboard

9. A. active B. generous C. patient D. silent

10. A. parcel B. envelope C. toy D. case

11. A. posted B. designed C. prepared D. received

12. A. eager B. steady C. painful D. busy

13. A. left B. caught C. tore D. threw

14. A. ticket B. message C. prize D. picture

15. A. operation B. process C. movement D. project

16. A. increased B. remained C. disappeared D. improved

17. A. enjoy B. share C. discuss D. study

18. A. priceless B. complete C. unique D. useful

19 A. concerned B. calm C. curious D. proud

20. A. search for B. point at C. look through D. turn to

跟踪导练（三）

阅读理解

A

There are many interesting festivals in the world. Some look really strange， but they have special meanings in their culture. Here are several strange festivals in the world.

Holi Festival

Holi is a festival held in India for 16 days in the spring season. In this festival， people in colorful clothes go outside at night to throw colors on each other happily. The story behind this festival is that the god Krishna got jealous （妒忌的） of his wife’s white skin so he went to his mother crying about his dark skin. His mother advised him to color his wife’s face the color he wanted.

Magpie Festival

On the 7th day of the 7th lunar month， Chinese people celebrate an occasion that looks like western Valentine’s Day. In this festival， girls who don’t marry pray to have good husbands. They also embroider （刺繡） a piece of cloth to show their skills because they think it is the most important skill a wife should have.

Day of Death

Day of Death is a festival held in Mexico on the second of November. This day is meant to remember dead family. Homes and streets are decorated in bright colors. People who are dressed in skeletons （骷髅） decorated with flowers and different colors go to visit the graves， dancing and singing here. The festival goes back to American Indians who were keeping their family’s skeletons to honor their memory.

Day of Silence

Day of Silence is the Indonesian new year， and this day is quite important in Indonesia. What features this festival is its unique activities. Everyone keeps silent. People don’t use cars. They don’t go to work and they stop doing anything joyful.

1. Where is Magpie Festival held？

A. In China. B. In India. C. In Mexico. D. In Indonesia.

2. What do people often do on Day of Death？

A. Throw colors on their wife’s face. B. Show the husbands embroidering skills.

C. Dance and sing in front of the graves. D. Keep silent and stop doing anything joyful.

3. What is the feature of Day of Silence？

A. The interesting story behind it. B. Its long history.

C. Its meaning like Valentine’s Day. D. Its unique activities.

B

Since the beginning of the China chic （中國风） fever roughly two years ago， Chinese elements have become increasingly popular among young illustrators （插图画家） and designers. From Chinese YouTuber Li Ziqi to the design of clothes to furniture， Chinese aesthetics （美学） can be found everywhere. Wu Yao， a well-known Chinese illustrator and designer， said in an interview that the emergence of China chic is in fitting with the times and provides ordinary consumers， both Chinese and foreign， with a channel and opportunity to learn about Chinese tradition.

The fundamental reason for the popularity of China chic comes from the all-covering nature of Chinese art. For instance， Chinese paintings have an extensive range of subjects and styles. There are a lot of French artists or fashion masters who have a lot of Chinese collections at home.

Some experts say that Chinese millennials （千禧一代） are a generation who grew up with the revival of Chinese culture. They are confident in their own culture， pay more attention to quality， innovation， personal experience and are willing to experience multiculturalism. Therefore a sense of identity and confidence in traditional culture began to emerge among them.

At the same time， to satisfy the Chinese market， a lot of foreign brands introduced products with Chinese elements such as “tiger bags” or clothing printed with flowers popular in Northeast China. However， it seems that Chinese consumers are not buying these products. This is due to the designer of these products’ lack of understanding of Chinese culture. They don’t know the stories of these cultural relics， so they define a Chinese style according to their own understanding.

“They don’t take our traditional culture as seriously as we do. As Chinese designers， we carefully search literature， learn traditional culture and do much work before each creation， but they do not care so much about this，” Wu noted.

4. Why is Li Ziqi mentioned？

A. To praise her for her great success. B. To give an example of Chinese aesthetics.

C. To show her influence on Chinese aesthetics. D. To attract people to know and follow her.

5. What makes China chic so popular？

A. More art collectors’ emergence. B. The easier access to Chinese art.

C. The wide coverage of Chinese art. D. People’s improved aesthetic standards.

6. What should foreign designers do to design more popular products？

A. Take their profession more seriously.

B. Change their attitude toward the China chic.

C. Create more products with Chinese elements.

D. Learn as much about Chinese traditional painting as possible.

7. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The characteristics of Chinese aesthetics.

B. The popularity of China chic in the world.

C. The challenges facing young artists in China.

D. The distinctions between Chinese and other aesthetics.

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

There was a very rich village landowner in India who was very generous. Everybody 1 him. Once he decided that for three days he would 2 things， including money， only to the 3 . People were happy to receive rice， vegetables， money and other kinds of things.

One poor man got a very heavy sack （麻布袋） of rice. Since he was such a poor man， he was very 4 with it. But when he emptied the sack， to his great 5 ， he found twenty gold coins inside the rice. His greedy wife was 6 .

The husband said， “The landowner didn’t 7 to give me these gold coins. This must be a 8 . I should return these coins.” The wife said 9 ， “You are a fool！ We are so poor. This is the time to take the gold to the 10 and exchange it for lots of money.” The husband 11 to do what his wife suggested. Then they 12 about the gold for hours. Of course， the husband 13 because it was he who had brought the rice home.

The following day， he went back to the rich man’s house and said， “You were so 14 to give all of us so many things. I have found these twenty gold coins put in the rice sack by mistake. Now I have come to 15 them to you. Though I am only a beggar， I can 16 accept this kind of gift if it was a mistake.” The rich man was so 17 by his sincerity and decided to give the poor man twice the amount. He said， “You brought me twenty gold coins and now you are getting forty. You are such an honest man. I am going to 18 an honest man as my housekeeper. Will you come and have a 19 ？”

As expected， the rich man finally found his 20 housekeeper—the poor but honest man.

1. A. pleased B. admired C. envied D. supported

2. A. give away B. get back C. throw away D. put back

3. A. sick B. young C. poor D. old

4. A. patient B. familiar C. honest D. satisfied

5. A. excitement B. surprise C. disappointment D. joy

6. A. frightened B. delighted C. nervous D. cautious

7. A. consider B. agree C. intend D. beg

8. A. test B. mistake C. joke D. trick

9. A. eagerly B. seriously C. foolishly D. angrily

10. A. office B. street C. village D. market

11. A. managed B. hoped C. refused D. expected

12. A. discussed B. thought C. talked D. quarrelled

13. A. finished B. won C. changed D. failed

14. A. wealthy B. optimistic C. kind D. careless

15. A. return B. send C. pass D. offer

16. A. hardly B. never C. seldom D. nearly

17. A. scared B. shocked C. attracted D. moved

18. A. treat B. train C. employ D. recommend

19. A. job B. break C. drink D. try

20. A. strict B. wise C. special D. faithful

跟蹤导练（五）

阅读理解

Growing up in my household meant often hearing live music. When I was six years old， I took a traditional Irish step dance class. I fell in love and stuck with it for the next seven years. During that time my father also became more involved in the Irish music world， so he would play， and I would dance. My ethnic heritage （族裔归属） is German and Irish， but because I was surrounded by traditional Irish music and dance in my home， I have grown to be more interested in and connected to my Irish heritage.

When I started interning （实习） for the Folklife Festival， I became interested in traditional Basque music and dance and I learned that their experience with dance is very similar to my own.

There are so far over 170 Basque organizations in 24 countries， with a greater population of Basques outside of the Basque country than in it. The separation they experience from their homeland is both physical and psychological， so being part of a group with the same interests is an important social support system. These organizations contribute to the continuation of Basque culture， language， and community， and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage. One of the ways they achieve this is through dance.

While learning and performing Basque dances， they connect to their heritage， experience a part of their homeland， preserve Basque culture， and create connections and friendships that last a lifetime.

The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well. Janet Iribarne from the Basque Dancers explained that their organization is open to anyone， and after seeing her group perform， several of her non-Basque friends have developed their own love of Basque traditions as well.

1. What makes the author prefer Irish dance？

A. Her dance class. B. Her love of Irish music.

C. Her interning experience. D. Her family’s strong root in dance.

2. What do we know about Basque people？

A. Most of them live abroad. B. Their culture is being lost.

C. They live in poor conditions. D. Their population is increasing.

3. What is the purpose of Basque organizations？

A. To help Basques in need.

B. To preserve Basque culture.

C. To provide medical treatment for Basques.

D. To support overseas Basque children for education.

4. What is non-Basque Americans’ attitude towards Basque dance？

A. They show no interest in it. B. They find it difficult to learn.

C. They are enthusiastic about it. D. They are concerned about its future.

語法填空

In China， the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7，000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty， bamboo was being used in ancient people’s daily lives. It was used for food， clothing， housing， transportation， 1 （music） instruments and even weapons.

The 2 （apply） of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC， Li Bing， in Sichuan， 3 （lead） the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs， the first irrigation （灌溉） network in the world， in which bamboo played an important role. The world’s oldest water pipe 4 （make） of bamboo， too. During the Han Dynasty， the people in Sichuan 5 （successful） sank a 100-mete­r-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe 6 the 19th century， and it was by using the technology 7 the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture， bamboo is well-known 8 one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many people， bamboo is a symbol of goodness and 9 （honest）. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 10 （face） tough situations.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改错

Today I’ll talk a little bit about Italian culture. Music plays an important role of the culture of Italy. Italian music is heavy influenced by its history. And the piano and the violin are said to have invented in Italy. Italians are fond of spend time with their families. In the old days， Italian families  used to be large. However， they are smaller in the size now. Family member always get together at every festival. As for sports， one of the most popular sports in Italy are football. The Italian national team is one of the better in the world. Another popular sports include volleyball， basketball， boxing or bike riding.

跟踪导练（六）

语法填空

The world-known Silk Road across the Eurasian Continent is a friendship bridge 1 （connect） the Europe and Asian people. It is one of the most important theme tourist routes in the world and the most 2 （value） tourist product in China. From the time Zhang Qian 3 （open） up the world-famous Silk Road during the Han Dynasty， until the collapse （瓦解） of the Yuan Dynasty， it enjoyed 4 history of about 1，600 years.

Silk Road with 5 （it） 2，000 years’ history has witnessed the historical changes and the progress of cultures’ exchanges between China and the Western 6 （country）. The section in China， many ethnic cultures 7 （include）， is also like a jade belt. The peoples of these ethnic groups such as Mongolians， Huis， Uygurs， Hazaks have kept their own traditions and cultures， living habits and religious beliefs， 8 are from the soul of the Silk Road and attract many tourists to visit. In fact， 9 the Silk Road in the northwest of China， there are another two trade roads in the southwest of China and by sea， which also contribute 10 （great） to the development of the world. They are called the “Southern Silk Road” and the “Silk Road on the Sea”.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

書面表达

假定你是学生会主席李华，为了更好地保护和传承少数民族文化，学校将成立少数民族文化传承与保护志愿者协会，现将招募志愿者。请你就此写一则通知。内容包括：

1﹒成立志愿者协会的原因；

2﹒入会者条件；

3﹒志愿者协会活动安排（时间、地点等）。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右（通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；

2﹒可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Notice

Teachers and students，___________________________________________

Looking forward to your joining.

The Students’ Union

背景大链接

The History of Tea

茶的历史

Tea is native to China， and Chinese tea culture has a long history.

Originally tea was used as a medicine instead of a drink. It was said that Shennong， the legendary ruler in ancient China， once tasted a lot of plants and was poisoned many times. It was tea that helped him get rid of the poisoning effect. Later the ancient Chinese got to know more and more about tea， and instead of being regarded as a medicine， it became a drink.

中国是茶的故乡，中国的茶文化有着悠久的历史。

最初，茶被用作药物而不是饮品。传说，古代中国神话中的部落首领神农曾尝遍百草，并因此多次中毒，正是茶帮他解了毒。从那以后，古代中国人对茶的了解越来越多，茶开始成为一种饮品而不再被认为是一种药物。

Chinese Attitude Toward Tea

中国人对茶的态度

Among all peoples in the world， the attitude of the Chinese toward tea is unique.

They emphasize a lofty and leisurely mood， quiet and fine surroundings， freshness and clearness of water， elegant tea sets and close， good friends entertained.

In tasting tea， although the Chinese take a great delight in its brewing， yet their real purpose is to achieve spiritual ascendancy.

So， dinking tea is not just for satisfying the taste， but is a part of life.

世界上所有民族中，中國人对茶的态度是独一无二的。

中国人注重高雅悠闲的气氛，安静美好的环境，新鲜纯净的水，精美的茶具，并以此来款待好友。

品茶时，尽管中国人很享受泡茶的过程，但其真正的目的是获得精神的享受。

所以，饮茶不仅是为了满足味蕾，也是生活的一部分。

How to Select Tea

怎样挑选茶叶

The following steps are some simple ways that may help tea drinkers distinguish the good tea from the bad：

1. Tea leaves should always be kept dry. You can use your fingers to press tea leaves to see if they are dry. Slight finger press easily breaks dry tea leaves into small pieces.

2. Aroma is the most important factor. Good tea always smells good.

3. The color of the tea liquid and the shape of tea leaves vary with different types of tea. Generally， the tea liquid should remain clear and free of impurity， and the shape of good tea leaves in the liquid should be whole and even.

下面几个简单的步骤或许能帮助品茶者来区分茶叶的好坏：

1. 茶叶应该保持干燥。你可以用手指按压茶叶，看其是否干燥。轻微的手指压力很容易把干燥的茶叶弄碎。

2. 香味是最重要的因素。好茶闻起来总是清香扑鼻。

3. 茶汤的颜色和茶叶的形状因茶的种类不同而有所区别。通常，茶汤应该是干净无杂质的，好茶的茶叶在茶汤中应该是完整舒展的。