Module 1 Basketball

词汇短语园地

1. defend   v.   防守，防御，保卫；辩解

Troops have been sent to defend the borders.

军队已被派出去守卫边疆。

How can you defend such behavior？

你怎能为这种行为辩解呢？

搭配：

defend sb/sth against sb/sth   保护某人/某物不受某人/某物的伤害

All officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.

所有警察都接受过防御训练以对付持刀袭击。

defence   n.   保卫，防御；辩护，防守

At least， for that， his defence team should be grateful.

至少對于这一点，他的辩护团应心存感激。

2. attend   v.   上（学）；出席，参加；照料

She is so sick that she can’t attend a class.

她病得太严重而不能上课。

It is necessary for you to attend the meeting.

你有必要参加这次会议。

She was constantly attended by her sister.

她经常由她姐姐照料着。

attend on/upon   伺候，照料

attend to   处理；照料；注意（听）

I have some urgent business to attend to.

我有一些急事要处理。

3.various   adj.   各种各样的，各种不同的；若干

There are various ways of doing this work.

做这项工作的方法有很多种。

Various people said they’d seen the accident.

很多人说他们目睹了这次事故。

variety   n.   各式各样的事物；变化，多样化；种类，品种

Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.

参加聚会的人因为种种原因而迟到。

4. immediate   adj.   立刻的，即刻的；直接的

This work demands your immediate attention.

这项工作需要你立即引起重视。

The immediate cause of the fire is unknown.

造成火灾的直接原因不明。

immediately   adv.   立即地，马上

conj.   一……就……

I came immediately after I had eaten.

我一吃完饭就过来了。

5. deserve   v.   应得，值得；应受

You deserve a good rest after all that hard work.

辛苦那么久，你该好好休息一下了。

If the little boy really lied， he deserved punishment.

如果那个小男孩真的撒谎了，那他应该受到惩罚。

搭配：

（sb） deserve to do （sth）（某人）应做（某事）

Everyone deserves to have a chance in life.

每个人在人生当中都应得到一次机会。

6. rely   v.   信任，信赖；依赖，依靠

You can rely on me to keep your secret.

你可以相信我会替你保守秘密。

These days people rely heavily on computers to finish work.

现今，人们很大程度上依赖电脑来完成工作。

Rely on me/my doing it.

放心好了，我会做那件事。

commitment   n.   承诺，诺言；忠诚，支持

Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service.

我们公司对质量和客户服务做出承诺。

7.confirm   v.（尤指通过提供更多证据）证实，进一步确定；批准，确認

The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.

她脸上的表情证明我们最担心的事情发生了。

8. There is no doubt that   毫无疑问……

There is no doubt that we did the right thing.

毫无疑问我们做对了。

There is no doubt that she will call us when she gets there.

她到达那儿的时候必定会给我们打电话。

（1） There is no possibility that   没有……的可能性

There is no possibility that she will be lost.

她不可能会迷路。

（2） It is no wonder that   难怪……

It is no wonder that you’ve got a headache when you drank so much last night.

昨晚你喝了那么多酒，难怪你头痛。

9. if necessary   如果有必要的话

If necessary （=If it is necessary）， you can use my car.

必要的话，你可以用我的车。

You may refer the matter to him if necessary （=if it is necessary）.

必要的话，你可以把这件事委托给他。

“if+形容词”是“if （it is/was） + 形容词”省略it is/was的形式；if necessary为if it is necessary的省略句形式。if后还可跟possible，ready等。

If possible （=If it is possible）， let me know beforehand.

如果可能，事先让我知道。

Send the goods now if ready （=if it is ready）.

货物如已备好，请立即送来。

10.be used to （sth/doing sth）   习惯于（某

事/做某事）

We are used to the noise from the traffic now.

现在我们已经适应车辆往来的噪声了。

I found the job tiring at first but soon I was used to it.

起初我觉得这份工作很辛苦，但很快就习惯了。

辨析：比较be used to和used to

be used to sth/doing sth指某人习惯、适应于某事/做某事，可与get used to sth/doing sth互换。

I’m not used to eating so much at lunch time.

我不习惯午饭吃那么多。

used to指过去常常做某事而现在不再做某事。

I used to smoke， but I gave up a couple of years ago.

我以前要抽烟，但几年前戒掉了。

幽默小故事

Who Discovered America？

Teacher： Pappu， go to the map and find North America.

Pappu： Here it is！

Teacher： Correct. Now， class， who discovered America？

Class： Pappu！

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A lot of people treat skydiving （跳伞） as a sport just for fun. Can you imagine why someone is brave and crazy enough to do this？

Skydiving is a sport that can be extremely exciting. However， each dive is marked with potential danger that makes this sport more challenging and fascinating than any other sport. Bear in mind that skydiving is an extreme sport and it is not for everyone. If you are afraid of height， then forget skydiving and try something else.

When a skydiver first jumps out of the plane， he will experience a feeling of downward falling.The feeling will continue until he reaches the terminal （终极的） speed which is around 120 mph.Generally this feeling will disappear because the diver is no longer increasing in speed. Most skydivers make their first jump with an experienced and trained instructor.

Taking skydiving is like flying. Some people are fascinated with the science of skydiving that enables them to actually control their movement while falling towards earth at speeds up to 120 mph， and then gracefully float onto the ground like a butterfly. Skydiving can be thrilling and give you a sense of excitement like no other sport. People may get obsessed to the excitement after taking that first step out of the plane and into the air.

Once you have had the experience of flying through the clouds and seeing the whole views of the landscape far below， you will never want to stop skydiving. People who skydive often speak of the beauty and the feeling of floating through the air and clouds. Skydiving is an experience that you can share with friends and family.

1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about skydiving？

A. It is thrilling. B. It is exciting.

C. It has potential danger. D. It should be avoided.

2. When reaching the terminal speed， a skydiver feels _____ .

A. no downward falling B. himself falling faster and faster

C. extremely afraid D. as if he were flying like a butterfly

3. What does the underlined word “obsessed” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A. Addicted. B. Surprised.

C. Bored. D. Disappointed.

4. What does the text mainly talk about？

A. The skills of skydiving. B. The meaning of skydiving.

C. The safety measures in skydiving. D. The reason why people like skydiving.

閱读七选五

Swimming is a fitness sport suitable for both the young and the old. Thanks to the indoor swimming pools， swimming is no longer just a summer activity. But if you bring small kids to the swimming pool， you have to take a few safety measures. 1 Do remember these tips and drowning is always preventable.

First of all， you should keep a close watch when small kids are swimming. A small child can drown in as little as a few inches of water. Many people believe that they will hear a splashing sound  or a cry for help. 2

In addition， children should be told to strictly follow the rules posted at public pools. Many kids feel excited near the swimming area and they happily run and jump with joy. But it’s always wet and slippery around the pool. 3 Therefore， they should not be allowed to run in any situation.

4 Kids can start swimming lessons at around four years old. So send the child for swimming lessons before taking him or her for a swim. Even if the child knows swimming， a very young child should be kept within an arm’s length.

Safety equipment should be available in a visible spot nearby. If you are in a larger pool， a rescue pole is also a good thing to have on hand. 5 You should only use flotation devices labeled “Coast Guard Approved”.

A. But most of the time there is no sound at all.

B. Never rely on floaters， water wings or inner tubes.

C. The area around the pool should be well cleaned after each use.

D. Keep an eye on kids if they’re swimming in the deep water area.

E. Kids can easily fall down if they don’t walk gently and carefully.

F. Here are some tips for keeping small kids safe in a swimming pool.

G. Children should be allowed to enter the pool only if they have learned swimming.

1. ________ 2. ________  3. ________  4. ________  5. ________

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports， most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happened to be one of the few girls who would 1 ： surfing. But isn’t that a boy thing？ Some people may 2 . Most certainly not.

I started surfing about five years ago and fell in love with the 3 on the very first day. Riding that first 4 was the best feeling I had ever experienced.

When I try to 5 surfing with other things， I find it very difficult because， in my 6 ， there’s nothing like it. It involves body， 7 ， and soul. There’s sand between my toes and cool salt water all 8 us. The feeling I get when I’m surfing across that 9 ， becoming one with the 10 ， is like I’m weightless.

The one thing I can 11 from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge. You can never be the “best surfer” because the ocean 12 an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing 13 are wonderful. Some surfers are 14 and flowing; others are very aggressive and sharp. All of these things attract me to surfing and make it 15 from any other sport.

I’ve 16 to tell every girl I know to do something that people don’t think girls can do. It’s part of being human to advance to new 17 ， so shouldn’t it be expected that girls should step up and start 18 the limits of things boys and men used to dominate？

There’re women 19 side by side with the President of our country， so why not be side by side with the boys on the football team or out in the water surfing？ Give girls a chance to 20 ， and they will.

1. A. love B. answer C. know D. realize

2. A. wonder B. understand C. reply D. believe

3. A. game B. play C. idea D. sport

4. A. wave B. storm C. sail D. boat

5. A. combine B. connect C. compare D. enjoy

6. A. work B. study C. holiday D. life

7. A. mind B. effort C. health D. time

8. A. along B. above C. around D. by

9. A. beach B. water C. board D. lake

10. A. sky B. world C. earth D. ocean

11. A. take B. get C. make D. keep

12. A. catches B. includes C. offers D. collects

13. A. habits B. behaviors C. styles D. movements

14. A. free B. great C. hard D. lucky

15. A. easy B. usual C. far D. different

16. A. chosen B. tried C. learned D. promised

17. A. levels B. points C. steps D. parts

18. A. reaching B. accepting C. pushing D. setting

19. A. sitting B. walking C. fighting D. working

20. A. think B. succeed C. perform D. compete

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

In addition to the official basketball world， various other types of basketball are practised around the world.

Wheelchair Basketball

Wheelchair Basketball was invented in 1946 by former American basketball players， who， after wartime injury， wanted once again to experience the excitement of a highly athletic sport within a team environment. It is now played in more than 80 countries by over 25，000 men， women and children with a physical disability which prevents them from playing competitive basketball on their feet.

http：//www.iwbf.org

Beach Basketball

Beach Basketball is an exciting， non-stop action game played in the sand. The game was born more than four decades ago on the physical education fields of Gulf Shores School. This kind of basketball， invented by Philip Bryant， has grown from an extremely effective skill improvement game， to a very popular， widespread competitive sport.

http：//www.beachbasketball.com

http：//streetball.com

Deaf Basketball

Basketball for the deaf men and women has been played since the early 1920s. The game today has exactly the same rules as FIBA （Fédération Internationale de Basketball）.

http：//www.dibf.org

Bankshot Basketball

Bankshot is a new game of skill and challenge that is often described as “mini golf， but with a basketball”. Bankshot is the only sports system that allows the able-bodied and athletes with a disability to play together at the same time. This game involves no running， jumping， or body contact and relies on the shooting skill.

http：//www.bankshot.com

1. What kind of basketball has the longest history？

A. Bankshot Basketball. B. Deaf Basketball.

C. Wheelchair Basketball. D. Beach Basketball.

2. If you want to play basketball in the sand， you can visit _____ .

A. http：//www.iwbf.org B. http：//www.beachbasketball.com

C. http：//www.dibf.org D. http：//www.bankshot.com

3. What kind of basketball allows both normal and disabled players to play together？

A. Deaf Basketball. B. Beach Basketball.

C. Bankshot Basketball. D. Wheelchair Basketball.

B

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However， whether you are on the mountains， in the waves， or on the grassland， you should be aware that your choice of sport might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf， as you may know， eats up not only large areas of countryside， but also tons of water. Besides， all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses （高爾夫球场） in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example， in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain， golf is often held responsible for serious water shortages in some local areas.

In fact， there are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a pair of good shoes， and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free， power walking can also keep you fit. If you can walk regularly， it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious， sleep well and control your weight better.

Whatever sport you take up， you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors， in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all， it’s free.

4. What can we learn about golf from the text？

A. People in Spain prefer it to other sports.

B. It causes water shortages around the world.

C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and waste.

D. It needs water and energy to keep its courses green.

5. What does the author think of power walking？

A. It wastes money. B. It’s an indoor sport.

C. It’s environmentally friendly. D. It can help you lose weight quicky.

6. What is the author most probably in favor of？

A. Cycling around a lake. B. Motor-racing in the desert.

C. Playing basketball in a gym. D. Swimming in a sports center.

7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To show us the function of major sports.

B. To encourage us to go in for green sports.

C. To discuss the major influence of popular sports.

D. To introduce different types of environment friendly sports.

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

Here are two examples of people who took everyday problems and turned them around through laughter and play.

Roy， a semi-retired businessman， was 1 to finally have time to play golf， his favorite sport. But the more he played， the less he 2 himself. Although his game had improved dramatically， he got 3 with himself over every mistake. Roy 4 realized that his golfing friends 5 his attitude， so he stopped playing with people who took the game too 6 . When he played with friends who focused more on having fun than on their 7 ， he was less critical of himself. Now golfing was as 8 as Roy hoped it would be. He scored better without working harder. He was getting more active 9 from his companions and the game 10 to other parts of his life， including his work.

Jane worked at home 11 greeting cards， a job she used to love， but now she felt it had become 12 . Two little girls who loved to draw and 13 lived next door. Eventually， Jane invited the girls in to play with all the art things she had. At first， she just 14 ， but in time she joined in. Laughing， coloring， and playing with the little girls 15 Jane’s life. Not only did playing with them end her 16 and mild boredom， but also it 17 her imagination and helped her with works.

As laughter， humor and play become part of your life， so new 18 for playing with friends， co-workers， acquaintances and loved ones will occur to you 19 . Humor takes you to a higher place where you can view the world from a more 20 ， positive， creative， joyful and balanced perspective （视角） .

1. A. excited B. disappointed C. surprised D. lucky

2. A. encouraged B. enjoyed C. praised D. expressed

3. A. bored B. satisfied C. careful D. angry

4. A. never B. almost C. similarly D. wisely

5. A. objected B. supported C. affected D. understood

6. A. seriously B. coldly C. carelessly D. lightly

7. A. movement B. scores C. appearances D. study

8. A. challenging B. simple C. pleasant D. hard

9. A. appreciation B. application C. influence D. comment

10. A. adapted B. stuck C. spread D. kept

11. A. designing B. offering C. selling D. writing

12. A. valuable B. routine C. interesting D. favorite

13. A. paint B. shop C. drink D. skate

14. A. stood B. rested C. watched D. waited

15. A. accelerated B. destroyed C. troubled D. changed

16. A. ability B. loneliness C. illness D. job

17. A. called B. obtained C. deserved D. fired

18. A. tasks B. discoveries C. rules D. concerns

19. A. skillfully B. publicly C. fluently D. daily

20. A. relaxed B. formal C. standard D. normal

跟蹤导练（五）

阅读理解

The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to an article， “e-sports” are attracting a large number of audience.

In e-sports， players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenwatch. Fans fill arenas （竞技场） to watch the action live on huge television screens.

The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International， a major competition for players of Dota 2， awarded $24 million in prizes， with the winner taking home almost $11 million. A recent e-sports competition attracted more than 80，000 fans to the Olympic Stadium in Beijing， China.

I have to admit that I am not a big fan of computer games. I know that some games can be educational， but I think too many kids spend too much time sitting in front of a screen shooting space aliens. I think it would be better if kids spent more time reading or playing real sports such as basketball， baseball and soccer.

And please don’t tell me that competitive gaming is real sport because it requires hand-eye coordination. According to my American Heritage Dictionary， a sport is “an activity involving physical exertion and skill”. I don’t think anyone works up much of a sweat playing video games.

Too often， regular sports send kids a kind of message. Competition starts early， when lots of kids are not ready for the ups and downs of games. Tryouts and travel teams come next， giving too many kids the message they are “not good” at sports. So lots of kids quit sports and start playing more video games.

Maybe everyone in youth sports， including coaches， parents and kids， should think more about the advantages of real sports.

1. What are “e-sports” according to the text？

A. The latest sports in the Olympic Games. B. Video computer game competitions.

C. Sports events on television screens. D. Easy sports games for kids.

2. What is the author’s idea about “e-sports” according to Paragraph 4？

A. They are not instructive. B. They should be banned in school.

C. They need too much time and money. D. They have some negative influence on children.

3. What does the underlined word “exertion” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？

A. Growth. B. Fitness. C. Effort. D. Energy.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？

A. To introduce a new kind of sport.

B. To introduce a competition held in Beijing.

C. To explain the importance of playing sports.

D. To call on people to pay more attention to traditional sports.

语法填空

A farm in England has started to conduct cow yoga （瑜伽） classes to help improve fitness， 1 might seem strange to you.

The class， 2 （hold） on the farm， gives people a chance to enjoy exercising 3 （outdoor） with cows. Animals 4 （think） to be able to help lower the level of stress.

The cows live at Paradise Farm in Lancashire. They also get special 5 （treat）. When they’re not helping during a yoga class， the cows are kept entertained with music by 6 （artist） from Mozart to Madonna. The cows even get to rest on individual mattresses （床垫）.

7 recent study showed that UK adults spent 40% of their hours awake 8 （watch） television. Furthermore， the amount of physical activity people took part 9 between March and June during the pandemic （大流行病） dropped by over a quarter.

Azhar Zoug， managing director at Lancashire Farm Dairies， said， “Yoga is the perfect activity to get the public moving. 10 （good） of all， it’s a great way to enjoy the countryside and walk with these wonderful animals.”

1. _____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________

6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________

短文改錯

The old saying “The early bird catches the worm.” show us the importance of planning， working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results， most people must plan ahead and work hard to overcome all kind of difficulties.

That has been my own experience， either. When I first started high school， I seldom passed my exams， so I never prepared well. Later， my teacher， Mrs Rumbold， advised me plan everything in the advance. He asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting her advice onto practice， I can now easily pass all my exams. There are no shortcuts to succeed.

跟蹤导练（六）

语法填空

Our bodies can be younger or older than our actual age 1 （depend） upon diet， lifestyle choices and physical activity. This is called biological （生理的） age， 2 could be different from the age on your driver’s license， which 3 （call） chronological （时间的） age. A recent study of over 900 adults who were tracked for 12 years， from ages 26—38， 4 （show） that people who were aging faster， meaning that their biological age was higher than 5 chronological age， were not as healthy or 6 （physical） fit. This group was also more likely 7 （have） cognitive decline （认知衰退） and was at a 8 （great） risk for age-related health conditions.

A growing body of research proves that the keys to aging successfully are a 9 （combine） of exercising regularly， keeping busy with life， and having a healthy diet with nutritious foods. These three key elements could contribute 10 aging gracefully， and successfully， too.

1. _____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________

6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________

书面表达

假设你是李华，本周六你市体育馆内将举行一场太极拳表演赛。你的好友，英国交换生Jack对中国武术很感兴趣。请你根据提示，写一封邮件邀请他前往观看。内容包括：

1﹒说明缘由；

2﹒时间地点；

3﹒表达希望。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右（邮件的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数）；

2﹒可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jack，

There will be a China International Tai Chi Performance Competition in our city.

__________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

背景大链接

English Sports

英国的体育运动

Many international sports were promoted by the British who take their leisure time very seriously. There is widespread participation in sport in Britain.

许多国际体育项目是由认真对待休闲时间的英国人推广开来的。在英国，人们广泛参与体育活动。

1. Football （or “soccer” as it is colloquially called）， the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe， has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century.

足球（口语称为“soccer”）在英格兰和整个欧洲是最受欢迎的运动。其传统发源地在英格兰，是在19世纪发展起来的。

2. The game “Rugby” was invented at Rugby School in Warwich shire in the early 19th century.

英式橄欖球比赛在19世纪初开始于沃尔威克郡的拉格比学校。

3. Cricket， the most typical English sports， has been in existence since the 16th century， whose international level is 5-day Cornhill Test Matches.

板球是最典型的英国体育项目，从16世纪起就已经存在；国际比赛是为期5天的康希尔决赛。

4. Although tennis has been played for centuries， the modern game originated in England in the late 19th century. The main tournament is the annual Wimbledon fortnight， one of the four tennis “Grand Slam” tournaments.

尽管网球已打了好几个世纪，但现代比赛却起源于19世纪末的英格兰。主要比赛是一年一度的温布尔登两周赛，这是网球“大满贯”联赛（四大赛事）之一。

5. There is a considerable participation of athletics in Britain. For example， the London Marathon， which takes place every spring.

在英国有许多人参加田径运动。例如，每年春季举行的伦敦马拉松比赛。

6. The home of golf is Scotland where the game has been played since the 17th century and naturally the oldest golf club in the world is there： The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. The Walker Cup for amateurs and the Ryder Cup for professionals.

高尔夫球的故乡是苏格兰，自从17世纪以来这项运动就在那里盛行。全世界最古老的高尔夫俱乐部也在那里：爱丁堡高尔夫球会员荣誉公司。业余球员参加沃克杯赛，而职业球员参加莱德杯赛。