The oldest known horseback riding saddle 已知最古老的马鞍

邓云

放射性碳分析显示，考古学家在洋海墓群中一个女性墓主的坟中发掘出的马鞍，有超过2400年的历史，是迄今为止已知最古老的马鞍。

主题语境：人与社会（文化渊源） 篇幅：325词 建议用时：7分钟

1 A woman buried more than 2400 years ago in whatsnow northwestern China has ridden into a scientific af?terlife on top of the earliest directly dated horsebackriding saddle. Researchers figured that the well?preserved， soft saddle can date back to 727 BC to396 BC unearthed at whats known as the Yanghaitombs. This expert piece of riding equipment is possi?bly older than the previous record holders， Professor Wertmann of the Univerity of Zur?ich and teammates report.

2 Despite its simple design，“ the Yanghai saddle was made by a specialist familiar notonly with needles and leatherwork but with horse riding and the structure of horse andrider，” Wertmann says. The finished product， which showed signs of extensive use， hadbeen placed with the womans body in a position for her to take another ride.

3 It shares basic features with present?day soft saddles， including two wing?shaped hidessewn together to form a seat， divided by a long， narrow piece of hide that was placedover a horses back. Rounded pieces of hide attached to the front and back of the wing?shaped pieces would have helped riders to maintain an upright position and raise them?selves up， say when shooting an arrow.

4 Different stitching （ 缝合） techniques were employed to hold the Yanghai saddle together. Saddle stitching， a method still practiced today that creates two rows of inter?locking strings using a single row of holes， connected front and back supports to thesaddle seat. Simpler stitching methods were used to repair tears in the saddle and toclose cuts in each main hide that could be opened to stuff animal hair and straw intothe saddle seat for softening.

5 When and where people began to ride horses and use saddles remains uncertain. Yam?naya herders （牧人） living in the area of modern Romania， Bulgaria and Hungary mayhave ridden horseback as early as around 5000 years ago， but only saddles provideclear evidence of horseback riding， says Professor Ventresca?Miller of the University ofMichigan.

Detail

1. Which aspect of the saddle does paragraph 1 focus on？

A. Its design. B. Its owner.

C. Its age. D. Its condition.

Inference

2. What can be inferred about the saddles owner？

A. She used to ride a lot. B. She was a horse specialist.

C. She used to design saddles. D. She was good at needlework.

Detail

3. Why were animal hair and straw put into the seat？

A. To close the cuts in it.

B. To repair tears in the saddle.

C. To create interlocking strings.

D. To make it more comfortable.

Inference

4. What does the finding show according to Ventresca?Miller？

A. When people began to ride.

B. Some history of horseback riding.

C. Where Yamnaya herders lived.

D. Riding habits of Yamnaya herders.

Ⅰ. 难句解析

Simpler stitching methods were used to repair tears in the saddle and to close cuts ineach main hide that could be opened to stuff animal hair and straw into the saddle seat forsoftening. 更简单的缝合方法被用来修复马鞍上的撕裂处，并闭合每个主皮上的切口，这些切口可以打开，以便将动物毛发和稻草塞进马鞍座中使其变得柔软。

【点石成金】本句是一个复合句，主语是Simpler stitching methods，谓语是wereused，第一个and连接to repair和to close这两个动作；that引导的是一个限制性定语从句，关系代词that指代先行词cuts。

Ⅱ. 语法填空

A 2400?year?old horseback riding saddle， possibly the worlds 1. ---------（early） ofits kind， has been found in a womans tomb in northwestern China. The saddle can dateback to between 727 BC and 396 BC， making it potentially older than any 2.  ---------（previous） discovered.

The saddle， unearthed at the Yanghai tombs， is a proof of the skillsof ancient specialists， 3.  ---------（exhibit） mastery in needlework， leatherwork， horse rid?ing and the structure of horses and riders.The well?preserved saddle， though simple in design， shows signs of extensive use4.  --------- was positioned with the womans body in a position for her to take anotherride. 5.  ---------（it） basic structure， very similar to modern soft saddles， comprises twowing?shaped hides sewn together 6.  ---------（form） a seat， a long narrow piece to fit overthe horses back， and rounded pieces of hide attached to the front and back to help ridersmaintain balance.

Different stitching techniques were used on the saddle， one of 7.  ---------， saddlestitching， is still in use today. Other simpler methods 8.  ---------（employ） to repair tearsand close cuts in the main hide， which would have been filled 9.  --------- animal hair andstraw for comfort.

Evidence suggests that Yamnaya herders may have ridden horseback around 5000years ago， but only saddles provide clear 10.  ---------（evident） of horseback riding.