英文提要

ABSTRACTS

Towards Justice of Communication through the Community of Human Destiny （4）

Li Baogeng，Geng Kexin

（School of Marxism Studies，Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211）

Abstract：“Communication”is the core category of Marx’s historical materialism，and“communication justice”is an important concept of Marx’s political philosophy. Marx’s communication theory is based on the principle of justice. The expansion of communication and communication to the universal communication in the world fundamentally breaks through the restrictions of regional space on the main communication activities，promotes the universal development of global productivity，and promotes the transformation of national and regional history to world history. The world communication under the domination of capital logic is developing in the direction of injustice. The United States and Western countries put their own interests above the interests of other countries and the common interests of the international community，waved the big stick of sanctions around the world，pursued hegemonism and power politics，and put the future and destiny of mankind in a very dangerous situation. The great idea of a community with a shared future for mankind takes“all mankind”as the main vision，takes the“community”with shared responsibilities and interests as the overall framework，takes seeking revolutionary changes in the way of world exchanges as the goal and task，holds high the banner of peace，development，cooperation and win-win，and gathers all forces to move forward in the right direction of communication justice.

Key words：communication；universal communication in the world；justice；community of common destiny for all mankind

How Can Technology Agglomeration Improve Urban Labor Productivity?——Explanation Based on Micro Data of China’s Invention Patents （14）

Chen Jinqi1，Li Jinchang2

（1. Department of Marxist Ideology，Party School of Zhejiang Provincial Committee of CPC，Hangzhou 311121；2. School of Data Sciences，Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：Reconstructing the new driving force of economic growth with innovation and reshaping the new connotation of economic quality with productivity are two strategies for high-quality economic development. This paper uses the micro data of China’s invention patents to measure the level of urban technology agglomeration，and this paper also conduct an empirical test on the basis of theoretical analysis of the mechanism of technology agglomeration affecting urban labor productivity and the panel data of 285 cities above the prefecture level from 2003 to 2018. It is found that technology agglomeration can significantly improve urban labor productivity. This conclusion is established through considering a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that urban technology agglomeration improves labor productivity mainly by optimizing employment structure，reducing capital mismatch and stimulating entrepreneurial vitality. Further analysis shows that environmental factors such as urban sprawl，technology market and intellectual property protection have an important impact. The research results have certain reference value for the policy design of China’s high-quality development strategy with innovation driven as the core.

Key words：technology agglomeration；labor productivity；high-quality development

Does the Government Income Tax Deduction Promote the Innovation of High-tech Enterprises?（24）

Hu Shancheng1，Jin Laiqun2，Wei Chenyu3

（1. School of Economic，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071；2. School of Business，Ningbo University，Ningbo 315211；3. Ningbo Sci-Tech Information and Development Strategy Institute，Ningbo 315040）

Abstract：This paper finds that whether the government’s income tax relief policy promote enterpriseinnovation is related to enterprise size，and small enterprises have potential“R&D manipulation”motivation.In addition，the government’s minimum R&D investment threshold affects large enterprises’optimal R&D investment and small enterprises’“R&D manipulation”motivation. Based on the micro data of high-tech enterprises from 2015 to 2018，the empirical findings are as follows：（1）Income tax deduction significantly promote the growth of R&D investment and the output value of new product.（2）It is also found that the promotion effect of income tax reduction on the output value of new products of large enterprises is more significant，this conclusion is robust after considering the possible endogenous problems.（3）There is a double threshold effect of R&D intensity on technological innovation of enterprises. The policy implication of the conclusions is that the government can appropriately adjust the requirements of minimum R&D intensity access at different scales to encourage enterprises’R&D investment to maintain the optimal range.

Key words：income tax deduction；R&D manipulation；technological innovation

Science and Value in Risk Society （36）

Zhang Kangzhi

（School of Public Administration，Zhejiang Gongshang University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：The relationship between science and value is not only a theoretical problem，but also a practical problem. Particularly，the requirement of value neutrality in bureaucratic organizations actually excludes value for the sake of scientific principles. Although the pursuit of formal rationality of modernity excludes value，both scientific research and social governance are inevitably entangled by value issues. This shows that since modern times，science and practice have been troubled by this contradictory situation because of the analytical thinking. In the process of globalization and post-industrialization，especially under the conditions of risk society and its high complexity and high uncertainty，scientific research and human action should not exclude value，but adhere to the principle of value priority. Human coexistence and interaction is the benchmark value of the society. Once the transformation from analytical thinking to analogical thinking is realized，that is，after the analogical thinking is constructed，the contradiction between science and value can be fundamentally solved，thus realizing the unity of science and value.

Key words：risk society；science and value；value neutrality；analytical thinking；analogical thinking

Revisiting the Doctrines of Regional Self-government in the Era of Ming and Qing （47）

Tu Kai

（Law School，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084）

Abstract：The doctrines of regional self-government developed in the debate between the advocates of hereditary heads and the supporters of shifting mandarins，especially the thinkers’thought in the era of Ming and Qing，still have an impact on modern social sciences including the subject of law. In imperial China，the essential difference between the‘hereditary’and‘shifting’systems is that the former allows regional government be monopolized by local families，while the latter relies on normal bureaucrats who are entitled to stay in their positions merely for a short period of time. The reasons to advance the hereditary institutions are：that can prevent and revolve political crises for the central government，under which the burden of people was comparatively lesser，and local rulers made stronger contacts with native residents. The reasons for arguing for the shifting system include：the hereditary one created more duties，inter-state problems，and impeded the talents to succeed. In the early republican era，the academia reckon that Gu Yanwu and Huang Zongxi’s designs of regional self-government were to impose restrictions on monarchial powers，and what has been overlooked is that their ideas of originality is to combine the advantages of hereditary and shifting institutions and encourage self-governing regions defending the state from foreign invasion. It is a modus vivendi，but worthy being re-evaluated. The prior aim and real function of that regional self-government is not to combat dictatorship.

Key words：regional self-government；hereditary system；shifting system；Gu Yanwu；Huang Zongxi

Empathy in Judicial Process （57）

Tang Fenghe

（Law School，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou 310014）

Abstract：By putting oneself in others’position to feel and think from the perspective of others，empa-thy is the ability to better understand others’perspectives not only cognitively but also emotionally. Empathy has important practical significance for judges’judicial decision-making. First，empathy is the prerequisite for fair judicial decision-making. This is because only with the corresponding emotional and cognitive abilities can judges truly understand the factual disputes and litigation claims of both parties，and only by empathetic understanding of the case can judges give satisfactory results to the parties. Second，empathy is the guarantee to fair judicial decision-making. This is because empathy can overcome the prejudice of judges，including the prejudice caused by personality and the prejudice caused by situation，and it can also overcome discrimination against disadvantaged groups. At the same time，empathy has limitations such as familiarity bias，here-and-now bias，and these biases can cause impartial judge. Judges must resort to experience and common sense，and through learning to alleviate or eliminate familiarity bias. Alleviate or eliminate here-and-now bias through the correct methods of empathy. The judicial empathy of judges in China is also relatively common. Chinese judges can abide by law as the bottom line while producing judicial empathy，but there are also areas for improvement.

Key words：judicial decision-making；empathy；empathy bias；judicial bias；judicial impartiality

The Sustainable Effect of Targeted Poverty Alleviation：the Analysis of the Survey Data from the Chinese Family Database （66）

Lin Ka，Fan Shishuai，Ma Gaoming

（School of Public Affairs，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Using the method of difference-in-differences in date analysis，this study adopts the data from the Chinese Family Database collected in the period of 2013-2019，and explores the effects of poverty alleviation by the developmental and the protective social policies. The data analysis illustrates the antipoverty efforts with precise targets has sustainably raised the total income of the poor families，and increasing their income from the channels of business and income transfers from the public programs. The study further reveals that the social policy projects of social assistance reinforce the support of poor farmers by public budgets，whereas the state’s subsidies to the agricultural production also help farmers to facilitating their production and making business to raise the income level. The comparison in the ways of income growth in the poor groups of the able-bodies and the friable groups shows that，the public support of the income transfer plays a great role for the frail poor group whereas the working group get support from both the social assistance program and agricultural subsides，by which the late should be more meaningful for their development away from the poverty trap. Thus，in the post era of anti-poverty efforts，the policymaking-orientation should promote the developmental social policy in poverty alleviation，in order to prevent the risk of returnback to the poverty trap，and also for the reconstruction of rural China for the sustainable development.

Key words：poverty alleviation；common prosperity；social administration；developmental social policy

Age Difference and Internal Mechanism of Reproductive Intention of Couples of Childbearing Age after the Implementation of the Two-child Policy——An Empirical Study of Econometric Sociology （74）

Qiu Youyun

（School of Public Administration，Hangzhou Normal University，Hangzhou 311121）

Abstract：This paper empirically analyzes the age difference and internal mechanism of reproductive intention of couples of childbearing age with different individual capital，and tests the applicability of cost and utility hypothesis in China. More than six years after the implementation of the two-child policy，the evolution trend of fertility intention is consistent with the national statistical data，that is，it shows a weakening trend. However，there are great differences in fertility wishes between couples of different ages and individual capital of childbearing age，in which the influence of economic capital and social capital is relatively different，while the influence of cultural capital is relatively small. The internal mechanism of giving birth to children is determined by economic capital rather than cultural capital and social capital. In China，the influence mechanism of economic capital is consistent with the cost and utility hypothesis，while the influence mechanism of cultural capital and social capital is contrary to it. Finally，this paper discusses the research findings and points out the topics that need to be studied in the future.

Key words：two-child policy；couples of childbearing age；fertility willingness；sequential logic model

The Concept of the Absolute in Early Modern Philosophy：From A Viewpoint of Meillassoux’s Problem of Correlation （86）

Yang Dachun

（School of Philosophy，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Meillassoux’s position and solution of the problem of correlation take the concept of absolute in the early modern philosophy as the logical starting point. The early modern philosophy is infatuated with infinity/infinite reason，the late modern philosophy follows the finiteness/finite reason，and the contemporary philosophy conforms to the indefinity after the finiteness. This is a speculative journey from infinite absolute through finite absolute relationship to indefinite absolute. In order to solve the problem of correlation caused by late modern philosophy which deviates from early modern divinity-orientation and completely follows the spirituality-orientation，the contemporary philosophy tries to get out of the correlational cycle in various ways while intensifying the correlation. These attempts are impossible to return to divinity-oriented early modern philosophy，but can only deepen contemporary materiality-oriented philosophy. Materiality means here that heaven，earth，gods and men all have their own autonomy and self-sufficiency to get rid of correlation，or that everything is the absolute and therefore has its absoluteness. The absolute in the contemporary philosophy means that necessity eventually gives way to contingency.

Key words：early modern philosophy；Meillassoux；absolute；correlationism；correlation

Image Behind Science：Philosophical Reflection to the Positivism Analysis on We-media Data （94）

Gong Pei

（Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei，230026）

Abstracts：Scientific positivism analysis has long been regarded as the representative of science. Nowadays its classical logic foundation，scientific methods and standards validity，are being shaken by we-media data. Therefore，we have to enter the humanistic reflection on science. We-media is the extension of dase in as medium. When carrying out the logic to the end，it also leads to the extreme fragmentation of media，and leads to the disintegration of subject cognition and social consensus，as well as the retreat of truth. We-media data imaging is the path dependence of reality’s illusion，which implies the lens effect of the subject’s cognition. So dasein was potentially defined by the lens effect but not aware of it. The reliability of such positivism analysis on this data can be cognitive. Scientific positivism cannot obtain the consciousness to reverse the spiritual route by itself. Only see its own mirror image through philosophical reflection，and then reflect to philosophy，can science continue to test humanities with reflective reason. In this way，science and philosophy consciously correct the lens effect，thereby dasein returning to the objective reality，and then resetting the epistemological model of the subject. Therefore，science can also filter out its postmodern theological character which hostile to human beings，and continue to move forward towards the future with itself original intention.

Key words：we-media data；positivism analysis；lens effect；philosophy correct；epistemological model

Dual Logic of Economy and Politics：Historical Materialism Analysis of Manor Ownership （103）

Lou Yan，Bao Dawei

（School of Marxism，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Manor ownership is an important historical concept used to describe the ownership of large land in the early feudal society. At the economic level，with the innovation of agricultural technology，the growth of population and the disintegration of the slave social community，manor ownership became the initial form of self-sufficient feudal private property and supported the political power of the new feudal aristocracy.At the political level，the barbarian invasion，regional wars and the change of dynasties gave birth to a group of people who entered the manor owner class through military awards. From the beginning，the manor ownership became an important link between the early feudal politics and economy through the feudal attachment level，and became an important cornerstone for the development of the early feudal political power.However，when the division of labor is further developed and the commodity economy recovers with the growth of the urban population，the economic exchanges corresponding to the manor ownership become in-creasingly narrow. The demands of centralized power on war，local administration，justice and taxation also gradually intensified the contradiction between the manor owners and the feudal authority. The emancipation of material and population required by the development of productive forces in feudal society finally promoted the self sublation of manor ownership and its political attachment system.

Key words：manor ownership；division of labor；feudalization；private ownership

Order and Harmony：Institution of Li-Yue and Justice of Behavior （111）

Dong Ping

（Academy of Philosophy，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：The author considers that the Dynasty of Western Zhou occupies the Axial Age in the history of Chinese culture. Li（礼）consists an institutional complex for individuals’public life. As an institutional system，the practical goal of Li is to realize the order and harmony in different dimensions of the public social life. Conceptually，Li is the way of Sheng Ren（圣人）imitating the Way of Heaven and establishing the ultimate principle for man，and the outcome of transforming the Way of Heaven into the way of humanism. Therefore，the world of Li is a structural system of the heaven，the earth，the men and the gods that consists the world of humanism in which a man can create，establish or realize his own values of living in different styles of communication with different objects. In the specific context of classic Confucianism，Li has its own sacredness. The supreme ruler or the so-called the Son of Heaven（天子）has his legitimacy in behavior only when he abides by all the obligations of Li assigned to him. He must be the exemplar of following the system of nameand-obligation，and has no any privilege of non-compliance to the system. As the rules or norms of people’s behavior in publicity，the general effectiveness of Li embodies in such a situation the author called it as the situation of inter-communicational relationship of objectivity. This situation is the only field of man can realize his own life and values. Different individuals in the situation consist of a shared field in which an individual showed up his own subjectivity by the way of executing his name-and-obligation properly. In the sense of every person has to execute properly his name-and-obligation in the field of the situation of intercommunicational relationship of objectivity，every individual’s equality of responsibilities，rights and obligations can be discussed. The author believes that the substance of name-and-obligation is the individuality in publicity or the subjectivity in the order of public communications. For any person，to execute properly his name-and-obligation in the field of public communication is suitable，appropriate，rectitude and so it is justice in behavior.

Key words：Li（礼）；institutional complex；situation of inter-communicational relationship of objectivity；justice of behavior

Study on Yang Jian’s Cihuchunqiujie and Its Similarities and Differences with Lu Jiuyuan （122）

Huang Juehong

（Institute of Historical Documents，Central China Normal University，Wuhan 430079）

Abstract：In addition to the twelve volumes of Cihuchunqiujie，there are some monographs on Chunqiu in Yang Jian’s Cihuxianshengyishu. The content，thought and explanation way of Cihuchunqiujie are the same as those of Yangshiyizhuan and Cihushizhuan. In a word，the core tenet of Cihuchunqiujie is that Chunqiu is“a book to explain the Tao”，and“human heart is Tao”. This theory is not only for Chunqiu，but also Yang Jian’s programmatic judgment on the purpose of all the Chinese Confucian Classics.Lu Jiuyuan’s Daxuechunqiujiangyi did not really show his own academic characteristics，while Yang Jian’s Cihuchunqiujie had a very significant brand of personal philosophy of the mind. Cihuchunqiujie is the only existing annotated work of Chunqiu of Xiangshan school，which solves the problem of interpretation of Chunqiu of Xiangshan School. Undoubtedly，it is a representative work of Xiangshan School，which is precious.

Key words：Yang Jian；Cihuchunqiujie；explain the Tao；the philosophy of the mind；Lu Jiuyuan

Hangzhou Dialect Is the Main Carrier and Historical Coordinate of Song Yun Culture （129）

Xu Yue

（School of Humanities，Hangzhou Normal University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：Hangzhou dialect distributesmainly in the old city of Hangzhou，which is the direct product of the southern migration of the Song Dynasty. The history of its contact，the distribution of dialect island forms，and the language marks of Song Yun Mandarin that have been inherited so far all bear the culture of Song Yun for thousands of years；the best interpretation of Song Yun culture is its language innovation，such as the coexistence of Mandarin and Wu dialect，the perfect combination and selective borrowing. Hangzhou dialect is not only the main carrier of Song Yun culture，but also a historical coordinate of Song Yun culture itself.

Key words：Hangzhou dialect；Song Yun culture；main carriers；historical coordinates

Moral Intelligence as the Theme of Novel——An Analysis of Henry James’s Critique on George Eliot and Its Influence （135）

Dai Wuyan

（College of Humanities，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou 225100）

Abstract：Henry James’s critique of George Eliot exemplifies James’s unique perspective of analyzing the theme and unravelling the implication of Eliot’s stories. James believed that the stories by Eliot were brimming with a strong sense of moral care and moral ideal，which was an artistic reflection of how Eliot responded to the social transformation that England underwent in the Victorian era. James first pointed out that the moral implication involved in Eliot’s stories was not equal to moral standards or doctrines set by any particular culture，and based on this premise，James proposed his renowned literary theory of narrative point of view. Grounded in his critique of Eliot，James went forward to clarify the distinction between moral standards and moral sense，proposing the ideas of“moral intelligence”and“intellectual power”. Therefore，James successfully established his theory of fiction and confidently responded to some other highly relevant topics，such as author’s character and reader reception. These ideas by James also exerted far-reaching influence on his successors，like the English novelist and critic Woolf.

Key words：Henry James；theme of fiction；moral intelligence；George Eliot；Virginia Woolf

An Analysis and Evaluation of the Research Literature on Breaking the“Five-only”：From the Perspective of Bibliometrics and Content Analysis （142）

Tang Jianmin1，Ling Xi2

（1.Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation；2.Management School，Hangzhou Dianzi University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：With the constant introduction of breaking the“Five-Only”policy，the domestic academic research about this has been simultaneously promoted. In order to deepen the further study on overcoming the orientations of“Five-Only”，it is now necessary to conduct a systematic analysis and evaluation on the existing research literature from the perspective of Science. Based on the published policy documents in the State Council Policy Document Library and the newspaper，academic journal literature included in CNKI，this paper uses bibliometrics and content-analysis method and carries out a comprehensive study in the aspects of the number of literature，citations，major research forces，major research themes and major research contents. It is found that domestic study on breaking the“Five-Only”is still at an early stage of development.There is still a lack of high-quality research findings with a solid disciplinary foundation or a comprehensive discussion on the causes of“Five-Only”in a hierarchy or a practicable proposal to eliminate“Five-Only”evaluation. In view of this，subsequent study could make progress in the following directions：to conduct research on the synergistic effect of various types of study，to draw more theoretical support from Evaluation Science，to further explore the specific operational countermeasures，as well as to carry out systematic evaluations on the effectiveness of breaking the“Five-Only”policy in a timely manner.

Key words：breaking the“Five-Only”；educational evaluation；bibliometrics；content analysis

Privacy Should Be A Kind of Civilization （151）

Liu Lianjun

（Law School，Southeast University，Nanjing 211189）

责任编校 王三炼