Ghrelin基因多态性与多囊卵巢综合征的相关性
2022-05-30王晓孟,屈凤祥,王丹,赵敏,徐琳
王晓孟,屈凤祥,王丹,赵敏,徐琳
[摘要]目的 研究Ghrelin基因单核苷酸多态性与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)易感性的关系。
方法 选择PCOS病人230例为PCOS组,选择同期因输卵管因素就诊的月经规则、基础体温双相不孕症妇女163例作为对照组。应用高通量测序技术,对两组样本进行Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点测序,并进行比较。结果 两组样本rs55821288位点基因型频率及等位基因频率分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.584、4.337,P<0.05)。加性遗传模型下,PCOS组基因型GG、AA差异有统计学意义(OR=4.025,95%CI=1.331~12.178,P<0.05);隐性遗传模型下,GG基因型增加了PCOS发病风险(OR=3.786,95%CI=1.269~11.295,P<0.05);显性遗传模型下,两组基因型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点多态性与PCOS的发生有关,等位基因G可能是PCOS的易感基因。
[关键词]多囊卵巢综合征;Ghrelin基因;多态性,单核苷酸
[中图分类号]R711.75
[文献标志码]A
[文章编号]2096-5532(2022)04-0486-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2022.58.071
[开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)]
[网络出版]https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20220412.1535.002.html;[JY]2022-04-1409:48:05
ASSOCIATION OF GHRELIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
WANG Xiaomeng, QU Fengxiang, WANG Dan, ZHAO Min, XU Lin
(Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
[ABSTRACT]Objective[WTBZ] To study the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of the Ghrelin gene and susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods A total of 230 PCOS patients were selected as PCOS group, and 163 women with biphasic infertility due to fallopian tube factors as well as regular menstrual cycles and basal body temperature were selected as control group. The rs55821288 locus of the Ghrelin gene was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing and compared between the two groups.
Results There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs55821288 between the two groups (χ2=4.584,4.337;P<0.05). In the additive genetic model, significant differences in GG and AA genotypes were observed in the experimental group (OR=4.025,95%CI=1.331-12.178,P<0.05); in the recessive inheritance model, the GG genotype increased the risk of PCOS (OR=3.786,95%CI=1.269-11.295,P<0.05); in the dominant inheritance model, there was no significant difference in genotype between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion Ghrelin gene rs55821288 polymorphism is associated with the development of PCOS; G allele may be a susceptibility gene for PCOS.
[KEY WORDS] polycystic ovary syndrome; Ghrelin gene; polymorphism, single nucleotide
多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)为一种常见内分泌紊乱和代谢性疾病,其患病率为5%~10%[1]。PCOS临床表现为高雄激素血症、稀发排卵和无排卵、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、血脂紊乱等[2]。超过50%的PCOS病人表现为肥胖,肥胖可使胰岛素抵抗进行性发展,从而加重高雄激素血症。而肥胖型PCOS女性存在更为严重的内分泌激素紊乱和代谢功能异常[3]。Ghrelin是从胃组织中分离出的生长素释放肽,主要来自胃黏膜A或X/A样细胞[4-6],在正常组织中表达,其作用除了促进生长激素释放,还可调节能量代谢并影响胰腺的内分泌功能和葡萄糖代谢。研究表明,Ghrelin基因多态性与PCOS病人代谢紧密相关[7]。目前关于PCOS的确切发病机制尚不清楚,但越来越多的证据表明多种遗传和环境因素在其发病中发挥了重要作用[8]。本研究对Ghrelin基因多态性与PCOS的相关性进行探讨,以期为PCOS的个性化治疗提供理论依据。
1资料与方法
1.1研究对象
2017年12月—2018年7月,选择我院妇产科确诊的PCOS病人230例作为研究对象(PCOS组),所有病人均符合2003年鹿特丹制定的PCOS
[CM(22]诊断标准[9-10]。另选择同期与PCOS组年龄匹配、因输卵管因素就诊的月经规则、基础体温双相不孕症妇女163例作为对照组。所有参与者3个月内无其他激素類药物应用史并排除糖尿病、高血压以及内分泌、肝肾、心脑血管等疾病。本研究由我院医学伦理委员会批准,并取得研究对象知情同意。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1标本收集采集受试对象月经周期第3~6天外周静脉血3 mL,月经不规律者在B超检查未见优势卵泡时采血,将血标本置于EDTA抗凝管中,于-20 ℃冰箱保存备用。
1.2.2DNA的提取使用血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根生化科技(北京)有限公司)提取DNA。
1.2.3引物设计与合成应用Primer 3软件针对目的基因全长进行特异性多重引物设计,引物合成委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司完成。
1.2.4多重PCR扩增目的基因及测序PCR反应扩增条件:94 ℃预变性3 min,95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸90 s,72 ℃延伸5 min,共30个循环。将PCR产物进行电泳检测。根据多重PCR重数确定稀释小试样本数,然后在Illumina HiSeq PE150(Pair end 150bp)平台上进行双末端测序(翼和生物有限公司,上海)。
1.3统计学方法
应用SPSS 18.0 软件进行统计分析。计量资料结果以[AKx-D]±s表示,数据间比较采用t检验;计数资料比较采用χ2检验;采用95%置信区间(95%CI)和优势比(OR)评价Ghrelin基因与PCOS的相关性。用拟合优度χ2检验进行Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡分析。以P<0.05表示差异有显著性。
2结果
2.1两组一般资料比较
两组年龄和睾丸素(T)、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),体质量指数(BMI)、促黄体生成素(LH)、腰臀比(WHR)、促卵泡激素(FSH)水平差异有统计学意义(t=4.486~12.252,P<0.001)。 见表1。
2.2Ghrelin基因多态性分布
PCOS组与对照组Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.584,OR=1.439,95%CI=1.026~2.020,P<0.05)。两组等位基因分布频率比较差异亦有显著意义(χ2=4.337,OR=1.420,95%CI=1.020~1.976,P<0.05)。Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡分析显示,基因rs55821288位点等位基因频率达到遗传平衡,具有群体代表性。见表2。
2.3基因模型分析
加性遗传模型分析显示,AA基因型者PCOS发病风险明显低于GG基因型者(χ2=6.920,OR=4.025,95%CI=1.331~12.178,P<0.05);隐性遗传模型分析显示,GG基因型者PCOS发病风险高于GA+AA基因型者(χ2=6.481,OR=3.786,95%CI=1.269~11.295,P<0.05);而显性遗传模型分析显示,GG+GA基因型与AA基因型PCOS的发病风险比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
3讨论
目前研究显示,Ghrelin与多种疾病有关系,包括肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征和癌症等[11-14]。此外,Ghrelin可能影响PCOS病人高雄激素分泌和颗粒细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等[15]。目前,关于Gh-relin基因多态性与PCOS的关系尚不清楚。虽然尚未发现Ghrelin基因位点与PCOS发病机制直接相关,但Ghrelin在PCOS病人代谢或PCOS发病机制中的作用不容忽视[16]。越来越多的研究表明,PCOS的风险是由SNPs的协同和加性效应引起的。Ghrelin基因具有异质性,在不同的种族中具有不同的位点。众所周知,环境和遗传因素可以共同影响疾病的发展和发生。为了更好地阐明Ghrelin基因多态性与PCOS的相关性,研究Ghrelin基因在不同人群中的表达具有重要意义。
Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点位于第4内含子,有A和G两种等位基因。目前关于rs55821288位点与PCOS关系的报道较少。本文研究了Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点多态性与PCOS的相关性,结果显示,PCOS组和对照组rs55821288位点等位基因频率符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,样本具有代表性;两组Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点G和A基因频率差异有统计学意义,等位基因G的PCOS发生风险高于等位基因A,提示G等位基因可能是PCOS发病的风险因素。
综上所述,Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点多态性与PCOS的发生有关,等位基因G可能是PCOS的易感基因。本文研究局限性:①本研究样本量较小;②研究只在中国汉族人群中进行,为了确定Ghrelin基因rs55821288位点与PCOS发病的相关性,还需要进一步研究内含子区域各基因位点之间的相互关联是否导致了不同种族PCOS的发生。本文结果可为PCOS的基因预测和靶向治疗提供一定的理论依据。
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(本文編辑黄建乡)